Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Tourists’ environmentally responsible behaviour: The case of ecotourism and geotourism destinations in Serbia Cover

Tourists’ environmentally responsible behaviour: The case of ecotourism and geotourism destinations in Serbia

Open Access
|Apr 2025

References

  1. Ajzen, I. 1991 ‘The theory of planned behavior’. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50(2): 179–211. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t.
  2. Akintunde, E. A. 2017 ‘Theories and Concepts for Human Behavior in Environmental Preservation’ Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health 01(02): 120–133. DOI https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120012.
  3. Amoah, A., and Addoah, T. 2021 ‘Does environmental knowledge drive pro-environmental behavior in developing countries? Evidence from households in Ghana’ Environment, Development and Sustainability 23: 2719–2738. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00698-x.
  4. Arbuckle, J. L. 2012 IBM SPSS Amos 21 Users Guide. Chicago, IL: IBM Software Group.
  5. Baloch, Q. B., Shah, S. a. A., Iqbal, N., Sheeraz, M., Asadullah, M. A., Mahar, S.,and Khan, A. 2022a ‘Impact of tourism development upon environmental sustainability: a suggested framework for sustainable ecotourism’ Environmental Science and Pollution Research. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22496-w.
  6. Baloch, Q. B., Shah, S. N., Maher, S., Irshad, M., Khan, A. U., Kiran S. and Shah, S. S. 2022b ‘Determinants of evolving responsible tourism behavior: Evidences from supply chain’ Cogent Social Sciences, 8:1. DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2022.2099565.
  7. Bie, W. and Xu, H. 2018 ‘How tourists’ perceived environmental value on Wetland Park Tourism influences their pro-environmental behavior’ Asian Journal of Tourism Research 3(1): 88-115. DOI https://doi.org/10.12982/ajtr.2018.0004.
  8. Bilynets, I. and Knezevic Cvelbar, L. 2022 ‘Tourist pro-environmental behavior: The role of environmental image of destination and daily behavior’ Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights 3(2): 100070. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annale.2022.100070.
  9. Bronfman, N. C., Bronfman, N. C., López-Vázquez, E., De La Maza, C. and Oyanedel, J. C. 2015 ‘Understanding Attitudes and Pro-Environmental Behaviors in a Chilean Community’ Sustainability 7(10): 14133–14152. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/su71014133.
  10. Buonincontri, P., Morvillo, A., Okumus, F. and Van Niekerk, M. 2017 ‘Managing the experience co-creation process in tourism destinations: Empirical findings from Naples’ Tourism Management 62: 264–277. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tour-man.2017.04.014.
  11. Campos-Soria, J. A., García-Pozo, A. and Marchante-Mera, A. 2018 ‘Explaining tourists´ attitudes to environmental support: a multilevel approach’ Journal of Sustainable Tourism 26(6): 987–1006. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1435667.
  12. Castro, J. R., Quisimalin, M., De Pablos, C., Gancino, V. and Jerez, J. 2017 ‘Tourism Marketing: Measuring Tourist Satisfaction. Journal of Service Science and Management’ 10(03): 280–308. DOI https://doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2017.103023.
  13. Carvache-Franco, M., Perez-Orozco, A., Carvache-Franco, W., Víquez-Paniagua, A. G. and Carvache-Franco, O. 2021 ‘Motivations and their influence on satisfaction and loyalty in eco-tourism: a study of the foreign tourist in Costa Rica’ Anatolia an International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 33(3): 347–361. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2021.1933115 .
  14. Cau, A., Franceschini, S., Moccia, D., Gorule, P. A., Agus, B., Bellodi, A., Cannas, R., Carugati, L., Cuccu, D., Dessì, C., Marongiu, M. F., Melis, R., Mulas, A., Porceddu, R., Russo, T. and Follesa, M. C. 2021 ‘Scattered accumulation hotspots of macro-litter on the seafloor: Insights for mitigation actions’ Environmental Pollution 292: 118338. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118338.
  15. Chen, C. and Chen, F. 2010 ‘Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists’ Tourism Management 31(1): 29–35. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.008.
  16. Cheng, T. and Wu, H. 2015 ‘How do environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity, and place attachment affect environmentally responsible behavior? An integrated approach for sustainable island tourism’ Journal of Sustainable Tourism 23(4): 557–576. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.965177.
  17. Cheng, T., Wu, H. and Huang, L. 2013 ‘The influence of place attachment on the relationship between destination attractiveness and environmentally responsible behavior for island tourism in Penghu, Taiwan’ Journal of Sustainable Tourism 21(8): 1166–1187. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.750329.
  18. Cheng, Y., Hu, F., Wang, G., Innes, J. L., Xie, Y., & Wang, G. (2022). ‘Visitor satisfaction and behavioral intentions in nature-based tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study from Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, China’. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 10(1), 143–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2022.03.001.
  19. Chiu, Y. H., Lee, W. and Chen, T. 2014 ‘Environmentally responsible behavior in ecotourism: Antecedents and implications’ Tourism Management 40: 321–329. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.06.013.
  20. Choo, H., Ahn, K. and Petrick, J. F. 2016 An integrated model of festival revisit intentions’ International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28(4): 818–838. DOI https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-09-2014-0448.
  21. Ciocirlan, C. E., Gregory-Smith, D., Manika, D. and W. 2020 ‘Using Values, Beliefs, and Norms to Predict Conserving Behaviors in Organizations’ European Management Review 17(2): 543–558. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12388.
  22. Cohen, S., Prayag, G. and Moital, M. 2014 ‘Consumer behavior in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities’ Current Issues in Tourism, 17(10): 872–909. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.850064.
  23. Confente, I. and Scarpi, D. 2021 ‘Achieving Environmentally Responsible Behavior for Tourists and Residents: A Norm Activation Theory Perspective’ Journal of Travel Research 60(6): 1196–1212. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520938875.
  24. Cottrell, S., Graefe, A. R. 1997 ‘Testing a Conceptual Framework of Responsible Environmental Behavior’ The Journal of Environmental Education 29(1): 17–27. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/00958969709599103
  25. Duong, L., Phan, Q. T., Nguyen, T. T., Da Huynh, V., Truong, T. and Duong, K. 2022 ‘Understanding Tourists’ Behavioral Intention and Destination Support in Post-pandemic Recovery: The Case of the Vietnamese Domestic Market’ Sustainability 14(16): 9969. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169969.
  26. Dunlap, R. E., Van Liere, K. D., Mertig, A. G. and Emmet Jones, R. 2000 ‘Measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: A revised NEP scale’ Journal of Social Issues 56(3): 425–442. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00176.
  27. Fauzi, M. A., Hanafiah, M. H. and Kunjuraman, V. 2022 ‘Tourists’ intention to visit green hotels: building on the theory of planned behavior and the value-belief-norm theory’ Journal of Tourism Futures. DOI https://doi.org/10.1108/jtf-01-2022-0008.
  28. Fenitra, R. M., Tanti, H., Gancar, C. P. and Indrianawati, U. 2021 ‘Understanding younger tourist’ intention toward environmentally responsible behavior’ Geo-journal of Tourism and Geosites 36(2spl): 646–653. DOI https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.362spl12-694.
  29. Fenitra, R. M., Premananto, G. C., Sedera, R. M. H., Abbas, A. and Laila, N. 2022 ‘Environmentally responsible behavior and Knowledge-Belief-Norm in the tourism context: The moderating role of types of destinations’ International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks 10(2): 273–288. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2022.05.001.
  30. Field, A. 2017 Discovering Statistics Using SPSS: Book Plus Code for E Version of Text. SAGE Publications.
  31. Fornell, C., Larcker, D. F. 1981 ‘Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error’ Journal of Marketing Research 18(1): 39–50. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104.
  32. Ghazali, E. M., Nguyen, B., Mutum, D. S. and Yap, S. F. 2019 ‘Pro-Environmental Behaviors and Value-Belief-Norm Theory: Assessing Unobserved Heterogeneity of Two Ethnic Groups’ Sustainability 11(12): 3237. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123237.
  33. Ghobadi, G. J., Verdian, M. M. 2016 ‘The Environmental Effects of Tourism Development in Noushahr’ Open Journal of Ecology 06(09), 529–536. DOI https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2016.69050.
  34. Grelaud, M., Ziveri, P. 2020 ‘The generation of marine litter in Mediterranean island beaches as an effect of tourism and its mitigation’ Scientific Reports 10(1). DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77225-5.
  35. Groening, C., Sarkis, J. and Zhu, Q. 2018 ‘Green marketing consumer-level theory review: A compendium of applied theories and further research directions’ Journal of Cleaner Production 172: 1848–1866. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.002.
  36. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M. and Sarstedt, M. 2013 ‘Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance’ Long Range Planning 46(1–2): 1–12. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.001.
  37. Han, H. 2015 ‘Travelers’ pro-environmental behavior in a green lodging context: Converging value-belief-norm theory and the theory of planned behavior’ Tourism Management 47: 164–177. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.09.014.
  38. Han, J., Lee, M. G. and Hwang, Y. 2016 ‘Tourists’ Environmentally Responsible Behavior in Response to Climate Change and Tourist Experiences in Nature-Based Tourism’ Sustainability 8(7): 644. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/su8070644.
  39. Han, H., Hwang, J. and Lee, M. E. 2017 ‘The value–belief–emotion–norm model: investigating customers’ eco-friendly behavior’ Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 34(5): 590–607. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.120879.
  40. Hanss, D., Böhm, G. 2013 ‘Promoting purchases of sustainable groceries: An intervention study’ Journal of Environmental Psychology 33: 53–67. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.10.002.
  41. Hawcroft, L. J., Milfont, T. L. 2010 ‘The use (and abuse) of the new environmental paradigm scale over the last 30 years: A meta-analysis’ Journal of Environmental Psychology 30(2): 143–158. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.10.003.
  42. He, X., Hu, D., Swanson, S. J., Su, L. Chen, X. 2018 ‘Destination perceptions, relationship quality, and tourist environmentally responsible behavior’ Tourism Management Perspectives 28: 93–104. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.08.001.
  43. Hu, H., Sung, Y. 2022 ‘Critical Influences on Responsible Tourism Behavior and the Mediating Role of Ambivalent Emotions’ Sustainability 14(2): 886. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020886.
  44. Hu, H., Zhang, J., Wang, C., Yu, P. and Chu, G. 2019 ‘What influences tourists’ intention to participate in the Zero Litter Initiative in mountainous tourism areas: A case study of Huangshan National Park, China’ Science of the Total Environment 657: 1127–1137. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.114.
  45. Huang, Y., Liu, C. 2017 ‘Moderating and mediating roles of environmental concern and ecotourism experience for revisit intention’ International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 29(7): 1854–1872. DOI https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-12-2015-0677.
  46. Ibtissem, M. H. 2010 ‘Application of Value Beliefs Norms Theory to the Energy Conservation Behavior’ Journal of Sustainable Development 3(2). DOI https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v3n2p129.
  47. Jambeck, J., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M. E., Andrady, A. L., Narayan, R. Law, K. L. 2015 ‘Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean’ Science 347(6223): 768–771. DOI https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260352.
  48. Jiang, J., Gao, B. Su, X. 2022 ‘Antecedents of Tourists’ Environmentally Responsible Behavior: The Perspective of Awe’ Frontiers in Psychology 13. DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.619815.
  49. Kavallinis, I., Pizam, A. 1994 ‘The Environmental Impacts of Tourism – Whose Responsibility Is It Anyway? The Case Study of Mykonos’ Journal of Travel Research 33(2): 26–32. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759403300205.
  50. Kim, B., Chen, Y. 2021 ‘The effects of spirituality on visitor behavior: A cognitive‐affective‐conative model’ International Journal of Tourism Research 23(6): 1151–1162. DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2474.
  51. Kim, H., Lee, S., Uysal, M., Kim, J. and Ahn, K. 2015 ‘Nature-Based Tourism: Motivation and Subjective Well-Being’ Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 32(sup1): 76–96. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.997958.
  52. Kim, H., Chua, B., Lee, S., Boo, H. C. and Han, H. 2016 ‘Understanding Airline Travelers’ Perceptions of Well-Being: The Role of Cognition, Emotion, and Sensory Experiences in Airline Lounges’ Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 33(9): 1213–1234. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2015.1094003.
  53. Krelling, A. P., Williams, A. F. and Turra, A. 2017 ‘Differences in perception and reaction of tourist groups to beach marine debris that can influence a loss of tourism revenue in coastal areas’ Marine Policy 85: 87–99. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.08.021.
  54. Kumar, A., Lata, S. 2022 ‘Measuring environmental responsible behavior through experience quality, perceived value, and tourist satisfaction from the perspectives of tourists in natural sites’ Journal of Global Business Insights 7(2): 166–183. DOI https://www.doi.org/10.5038/2640-6489.7.2.1186.
  55. Lee, T. H., Jan, F. and Yang, C. 2013 ‘Conceptualizing and measuring environmentally responsible behaviors from the perspective of community-based tourists’ Tourism Management 36: 454–468. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.012.
  56. Lee, T. H., Jan, F. and Huang, G. 2015 ‘The influence of recreation experiences on environmentally responsible behavior: the case of Liuqiu Island, Taiwan’ Journal of Sustainable Tourism 23(6): 947–967. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1024257.
  57. Lee, T. H., Jan, F. 2015 ‘The influence of recreation experience and environmental attitude on the environmentally responsible behavior of community-based tourists in Taiwan’ Journal of Sustainable Tourism 23(7): 1063–1094. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1032298.
  58. Lee, T. H., Jan, F. 2018 ‘Ecotourism Behavior of Nature-Based Tourists: An Integrative Framework’ Journal of Travel Research 57(6): 792–810. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517717350.
  59. Lee, T. H., Jan, F. 2019 ‘Market segmentation based on the environmentally responsible behaviors of community‐based tourists: Evidence from Taiwan’s community‐ based destinations’ International Journal of Tourism Research 21(3): 400–411. DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2272.
  60. Li, S., Liu, M. and Wei, M. 2021 ‘Host sincerity and tourist environmentally responsible behavior: The mediating role of tourists’ emotional solidarity with hosts’ Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 19: 100548. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100548.
  61. Lin, M., Zhu, D., Liu, C. and Kim, P. S. 2022 ‘A systematic review of empirical studies of pro-environmental behavior in hospitality and tourism contexts’ International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 34(11): 3982–4006. DOI https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-12-2021-1478.
  62. Liobikienė, G.,Poškus, M. S. 2019 ‘The Importance of Environmental Knowledge for Private and Public Sphere Pro-Environmental Behavior: Modifying the Value-Belief-Norm Theory’ Sustainability 11(12): 3324. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123324.
  63. Liobikienė, G., Mandravickaitė, J. and Bernatoniene, J. 2016 ‘Theory of planned behavior approach to understand the green purchasing behavior in the EU: A cross-cultural study’ Ecological Economics 125: 38–46. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.02.008.
  64. Liu, H., Pan, H., Chu, P. and Huo, D. 2022 ‘Impact of plastic pollution on outdoor recreation in the existence of bearing capacity and perspective management’ Environmental Research 214: 113819. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113819.
  65. Luo, Y., Deng, J. 2008 ‘The New Environmental Paradigm and Nature-Based Tourism Motivation’ Journal of Travel Research 46(4): 392–402. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507308331.
  66. Nunnally, J., Jum, N., Bernstein, I. and Bernstein, I. 1994 Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hill Education.
  67. Oh, H., Fiore, A. M. and Jeoung, M. 2007 ‘Measuring Experience Economy Concepts: Tourism Applications’ Journal of Travel Research 46(2): 119–132. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507304039.
  68. Paço, A. D., Lavrador, T. 2017 ‘Environmental knowledge and attitudes and behaviors towards energy consumption’ Journal of Environmental Management 197: 384–392. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.100.
  69. Pearce, P. L. 2005 Tourist Behavior: Themes and Conceptual Schemes (Aspects of Tourism, 27). Channel View Publications.
  70. Prayag, G., Hosany, S. and Odeh, K. 2013 ‘The role of tourists’ emotional experiences and satisfaction in understanding behavioral intentions’ Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 2(2): 118–127. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2013.05.001.
  71. Quadri-Felitti, D., Fiore, A. M. 2013 ‘Destination loyalty: Effects of wine tourists’ experiences, memories, and satisfaction on intentions’ Tourism and Hospitality Research 13(1): 47–62. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358413510017.
  72. Rajaonson, J., Tanguay, G. A. 2022 ‘An exploratory analysis of the negative environmental impacts of pandemic tourism on Canadian destinations’ Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights 3(2): 100071. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annale.2022.100071.
  73. Rasool, H., Maqbool, S. 2021 ‘The relationship between tourism and economic growth among BRICS countries: a panel cointegration analysis’ Future Business Journal 7(1). DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-020-00048-3.
  74. Ryan, A. M., Spash, C. L. 2012 ‘The Awareness of Consequences Scale: An exploration, empirical analysis, and reinterpretation’ Journal of Applied Social Psychology 42(10): 2505–2540. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00951.x.
  75. Sahabuddin, Md., Tan, Q., Hossain, I., Alam, Md. S. and Nekmahmud, Md. 2021 ‘Tourist Environmentally Responsible Behavior and Satisfaction; Study on the World’s Longest Natural Sea Beach, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh’ Sustainability 13(16): 9383. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169383.
  76. Schröder, P., Anggraeni, K. and Weber, U. 2019 ‘The Relevance of Circular Economy Practices to the Sustainable Development Goals’ Journal of Industrial Ecology 23(1): 77–95. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12732.
  77. Schumacker, R. E., Lomax, R. G. 2016 A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling (4th Ed.). New York: Routledge.
  78. Sharma, R., Gupta, A. K. 2020 ‘Pro-environmental behavior among tourists visiting national parks: application of value-belief-norm theory in an emerging economy context’ Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 25(8): 829–840. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2020.1774784
  79. Silva, R. F., Aldana, I., Pereira, L. F., Da Costa, R. L. and António, N. 2021 ‘A Measure of Tourist Responsibility’ Sustainability 13(6): 3351. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063351.
  80. Seetanah, B., Teeroovengadum, V. and Nunkoo, R. 2020 ‘Destination Satisfaction and Revisit Intention of Tourists: Does the Quality of Airport Services Matter?’ Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 44(1): 134–148. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348018798446.
  81. Somani, S. 2019 How ‘trashy’ tourism threatens world-famous destinations. Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/5434818/tourism-pollution-world-famous-destinations/ [24.01.2023].
  82. Steg, L., Groot, J. D. I. M. 2019 Environmental Psychology: An Introduction (BPS Textbooks in Psychology) (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
  83. Stern, P. C. 2000 ‘New Environmental Theories: Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant Behavior’ Journal of Social Issues 56(3): 407–424. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175.
  84. Su, L., Swanson, S. J. 2017 ‘The effect of destination social responsibility on tourist environmentally responsible behavior: Compared analysis of first-time and repeat tourists’ Tourism Management 60: 308–321. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.12.011.
  85. Su, L., Huang, S., Pearce, J. 2018 ‘How does destination social responsibility contribute to environmentally responsible behavior? A destination resident perspective’ Journal of Business Research 86: 179–189. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.011.
  86. Su, L., Hsu, M. K. and Boostrom, R. E. 2020 ‘From recreation to responsibility: Increasing environmentally responsible behavior in tourism’ Journal of Business Research 109: 557–573. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.055.
  87. Ünal, A. B., Steg, L. and Gorsira, M. 2018 ‘Values Versus Environmental Knowledge as Triggers of a Process of Activation of Personal Norms for Eco-Driving’ Environment and Behavior 50(10): 1092–1118. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916517728991.
  88. United Nations Environment Program [UNEP] 2019 Paradise Lost? Travel and Tourism Industry Takes Aim at Plastic Pollution but More Action Needed. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/paradise-lost-travel-and-tourism-industry-takes-aim-plastic-pollution-more [24.01.2023].
  89. United Nations World Tourism Organization [UNWTO] 2011 International Tourists to Hit 1.8 Billion by 2030. https://www.unwto.org/archive/global/press-release/2011-10-11/international-tourists-hit-18-billion2030 [23.01.2023].
  90. United Nations World Tourism Organization [UNWTO] 2023 Tourism set to return to pre-pandemic levels in some regions in 2023. https://www.unwto.org/news/tourism-set-to-return-to-pre-pandemic-levels-in-some-regions-in-2023 [23.01.2023].
  91. Viet, B. N., Dang, H. P. and Nguyen, H. a. D. 2020 ‘Revisit intention and satisfaction: The role of destination image, perceived risk, and cultural contact’ Cogent Business & Management 7(1): 1796249. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1796249.
  92. Wang, X., Qin, X. and Zhou, Y. 2020 ‘A comparative study of relative roles and sequences of cognitive and affective attitudes on tourists’ pro-environmental behavioral intention’ Journal of Sustainable Tourism 28(5): 727–746. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1704297.
  93. Wang, S., Ji, C., He, H., Zhang, Z. and Zhang, L. 2021 ‘Tourists’ waste reduction behavioral intentions at tourist destinations: An integrative research framework’ Sustainable Production and Consumption 25: 540–550. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.12.010.
  94. Wensing, J., Carraresi, L., Bröring, S. 2019 ‘Do pro-environmental values, beliefs and norms drive farmers’ interest in novel practices fostering the Bioeconomy?’ Journal of Environmental Management 232: 858–867. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.114.
  95. Zeng, L., Li, R. Y. M. 2021 ‘Tourist Satisfaction, Willingness to Revisit and Recommend, and Mountain Kangyang Tourism Spots Sustainability: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach’ Sustainability 13(19): 10620. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910620.
  96. Zeng, L., Li, R. Y. M. and Huang, X. 2021 ‘Sustainable Mountain-Based Health and Wellness Tourist Destinations: The Interrelationships between Tourists’ Satisfaction, Behavioral Intentions, and Competitiveness’ Sustainability 13(23): 13314. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313314.
  97. Zhang, J., Mao, E. 2008 ‘Understanding the acceptance of mobile SMS advertising among young Chinese consumers’ Psychology & Marketing 25(8): 787–805. DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20239.
  98. Zheng, Q. J. 2018 ‘Correlation between the environmental knowledge, environmental attitude, and behavioral intention of tourists for ecotourism in China’ Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 16(1): 51–62. DOI https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1601_051062.
  99. Zhou, X., Tang, C., Lv, X. and Xing, B. 2020 ‘Visitor Engagement, Relationship Quality, and Environmentally Responsible Behavior’ International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(4): 1151. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041151.
  100. Zsóka, Á., Szerényi, Z. M., Széchy, A. and Kocsis, T. 2013 ‘Greening due to environmental education? Environmental knowledge, attitudes, consumer behavior and everyday pro-environmental activities of Hungarian high school and university students’ Journal of Cleaner Production 48: 126–138. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.030.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12775/eec.2024.005 | Journal eISSN: 2300-8717 | Journal ISSN: 1232-8855
Language: English
Page range: 107 - 142
Published on: Apr 24, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2025 Sanja Obradović Stralman, Vladimir Stojanović, published by Nicolaus Copernicus University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.