Figure 1
Muscle weights. Muscle weights of 6-days denervated (Den) hypertrophic hemidiaphragm muscles and 6-days denervated atrophic anterior tibial muscles compared to innervated (Inn) controls. Mean values ± standard error of the mean. ***p < 0.001.
Figure 2
Akt and GSK-3β protein and phosphorylation levels in 6-days denervated hypertrophic hemidiaphragm muscle. Expression of Akt1, Akt2 and GSK-3β total protein (t-Akt1, a; t-Akt2, c and t-GSK-3β, e) and phosphorylated Akt1 protein (p-Akt1) at S473 (b), phosphorylated Akt2 protein (p-Akt2) at S474 (d) and phosphorylated GSK-3β protein (p-GSK-3β) at S9 (f) in 6-days denervated hypertrophic hemidiaphragm muscle (Den) compared to innervated (Inn) controls. Representative Western blots are shown together with densitometric quantifications. One innervated hemidiaphragm muscle sample was used as a reference sample and was included in all gels. All other samples were measured relative to this reference. The data were normalized to give an average signal of 100.0 in innervated muscles. Mean values ± standard error of the mean. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Figure 3
4EBP1, p70S6K1 and rpS6 protein and phosphorylation levels in 6-days denervated hypertrophic hemidiaphragm muscle. Expression of 4EBP1, p70S6K1 and rpS6 total protein (t-4EBP1, a; t-p70S6K1, c and t-rpS6, e) and phosphorylated 4EBP1 (p-4EBP1) at S65 (b), phosphorylated p70S6K1 (p-p70S6K1) at T389 (d) and phosphorylated rpS6 (p-rpS6) at S235/236 (f) in 6-days denervated hypertrophic hemidiaphragm muscle (Den) compared to innervated (Inn) controls. Representative Western blots are shown together with densitometric quantifications. One innervated hemidiaphragm muscle sample was used as a reference sample and included in all gels. All other samples were measured relative to this reference. The data were normalized to give an average signal of 100.0 in innervated muscles. Mean values ± standard error of the mean. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Figure 4
Akt and GSK-3β protein and phosphorylation levels in 6-days denervated atrophic anterior tibial muscle. Expression of Akt1, Akt2 and GSK-3β total protein (t-Akt1, a; t-Akt2, c and t-GSK-3β, e) and phosphorylated Akt1 protein (p-Akt1) at S473 (b), phosphorylated Akt2 protein (p-Akt2) at S474 (d) and phosphorylated GSK-3β protein (p-GSK-3β) at S9 (f) in 6-days denervated atrophic anterior tibial (Den) muscle compared to innervated (Inn) controls. Representative Western blots are shown together with densitometric quantifications. One innervated anterior tibial muscle sample was used as a reference sample and was included in all gels. All other samples were measured relative to this reference. The data were normalized to give an average signal of 100.0 in innervated muscles. Mean values ± standard error of the mean. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Figure 5
4EBP1, p70S6K1 and rpS6 protein and phosphorylation levels in 6-days denervated atrophic anterior tibial muscle. Expression of 4EBP1, p70S6K1 and rpS6 total protein (t-4EBP1, a; t-p70S6K1, c and t-rpS6, e) and phosphorylated 4EBP1 (p-4EBP1) at S65 (b), phosphorylated p70S6K1 (p-p70S6K1) at T389 (d) and phosphorylated rpS6 (p-rpS6) at S235/236 (f) in 6-days denervated atrophic anterior tibial muscle (Den) compared to innervated (Inn) controls. Representative Western blots are shown together with densitometric quantifications. One innervated anterior tibial muscle sample was used as a reference sample and included in all gels. All other samples were measured relative to this reference. The data were normalized to give an average signal of 100.0 in innervated muscles. Mean values ± standard error of the mean. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
Figure 6
Akt mRNA expression. Akt1 and Akt2 mRNA expression in 6-days denervated atrophic hind-limb muscles (pooled muscle samples containing anterior tibial, extensor digitorum longus, soleus and gastrocnemius muscles) compared to innervated controls and expressed as fold change. Mean values ± standard error of the mean. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. The dotted line represents a fold change of 1, equal to no difference in expression between denervated and innervated muscles.