Table 1
Methods used in recent papers examining non-traditional circadian oscillators.
| Study | Lesion type | Done in DD? | Measure of Entrainment | Deprivation period | Homeostatic increase in measure? |
| Clock gene deletion studies in RF | |||||
| Fuller et al., 2008 (2) | Bmal1 ko | DD | Tb and LMA | Yes, 24 hrs, no anticipation in RF | No, reduced Tb and LMA |
| Mistlberger al., 2008 (9) | Bmal1 ko | Mainly DD | Motion sensor | Ad lib after RF shows no entrainment | Yes, increased activity in RF |
| Pendergast et al., 2009 (11) | Bmal1 ko | LD and DD | Wheel running | Yes, 48 hrs, no clear entrainment | Yes, increased running in RF and food deprivation |
| Storch and Weitz, 2009 (10) | multiple clock genes | LD and DD | Wheel running | Not done | Yes, increased running in RF |
| Clock gene deletion study in MASCO | |||||
| Mohawk et al., 2009 (15) | Multiple clock genes | Mainly DD | Motion sensor for Bmal1; wheel running for rest | Not done | Yes, increased running after MA ingestion |
| DMH lesion studies in RF | |||||
| Gooley et al., 2006 (8) | excitotoxic | LD only | Tb and LMA | Yes, 44 hrs, after RF | No, reduced Tb and LMA in RF |
| Landry et al., 2006 (5) | electrolytic | LD only | Motion sensor | Yes, 51 hrs after RF | Yes, increased activity in RF |
| Landry et al., 2007 (4) | electrolytic | LD only | Motion sensor | Yes, 72 hrs after RF | Yes, increased activity in RF |
| Moriya et al., 2009 (6) | electrolytic | LD, + DD test days | Motion sensor Tb, LMA | Yes, 46 or 58 hrs, but only first day shown | Does not say (activity normalized) |
Figure 1
A comparison of the data in figure 3B (upper line) and the original (incorrect) supplementary fig. S3B (lower line) in the Fuller et al. [2] paper, on the day in which fig. S3B contained a "gap". The images have been cut directly from the online figures, resized to cover the same time period, and aligned by eye. The red vertical lines marking the feeding time (the offset in the incorrect figure S3B due to not being corrected for the correct time of day) are clear. A piece of a red arrow that marks the food deprivation day is also seen toward the left in the upper register. The "gap" period is the blank area to the left of the red line in the lower register. Note that the lower register (the day in which mean body temperature was 0.06°C lower because of the missing data in the gap period) shows more time periods when the body temperature exceeded the mean (marked by gray or black boxes, depending upon how high the temperature was). Although the differences are subtle, the two plots do not "appear to be identical" as claimed by Mistlberger [1].
Figure 2
Graphs of body temperature for the animals in the corrected suplementary figure S3 in Fuller et al. [2]. The blue line represents the heterozygote animal shown in figures S3A and C, and the red line illustrates the Bmal1 -/- animal with an injection of AAV-Cre into the suprachiasmatic nucleus, shown in figures S3B and D, across the entire five day period in restricted feeding from which the summary graphs in panels C and D were derived. Note that the heterozygote animal (blue) had a normal circadian variation in body temperature, and a robust spike in temperature peaking just around the onset of time of feeding (arrows), as shown in the summary figure S3C. The animal with the injection of AAV-Cre into the suprachiasmatic nucleus had reconstitution of the daily circadian pattern, but no evidence of the anticipatory increase in body temperature prior to feeding, although there was an increase each day after feeding, consistent with the summary figure S3D.
Figure 3
A full set of forebrain autoradiograms on x-ray film from a Bmal1 -/- animal in restricted feeding who received an injection of AAV-Bmal1 into the suprachiasmatic nucleus bilaterally. The box with solid lines identifies a section at the level of the SCN showing hybridization over this nucleus, and only this nucleus. The box with dashed lines represents a section at the level of the DMH, showing lack of hybridization.
Figure 4
A full set of forebrain autoradiograms on x-ray film from a Bmal1 -/- animal in restricted feeding with an injection of AAV-Bmal1 into the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus bilaterally. The box with solid lines identifies a section at the level of the DMH, showing selective hybridization over this nucleus and only this nucleus. The box with dashed lines demonstrates a section at the level of the SCN, showing lack of hybridization.
Figure 5
Weights of Bmal1 +/- (blue) and -/- animals (red) across the food restriction experiments. Each animal is plotted as a single line, with the heterozygotes in blue and the homozygotes in red. The Bmal1 -/- animals are smaller, but both groups maintain their body weight well on the restricted feeding protocol that we used.