Table 1
Time-course of physical and hematological parameters
| 7:30 | 10:00 | 13:30 | 16:30 | 19:30 | 21:30 | P value | ||
| Body temperature | (°C) | 36.5 ± 0.1 | 36.7 ± 0.2 | 36.9 ± 0.2 | 36.7 ± 0.2 | 36.9 ± 0.2 | 36.9 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
| Heartbeat | (beat/min) | 61.0 ± 5.7 | 66.8 ± 8.0 | 66.3 ± 5.0 | 63.6 ± 6.1 | 68.0 ± 6.2 | 67.4 ± 7.5 | < 0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure | (hPa) | 144.9 ± 12.8 | 147.9 ± 13.2 | 152.2 ± 14.6 | 145.4 ± 9.3 | 149.4 ± 11.6 | 153.5 ± 14.3 | < 0.05 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | (hPa) | 92.4 ± 8.6 | 84.4 ± 9.0 | 81.0 ± 7.0 | 89.2 ± 12.0 | 89.1 ± 9.8 | 89.4 ± 11.9 | < 0.01 |
| Blood passage time | (second) | 50.5 ± 3.5 | 46.8 ± 3.1 | 45.4 ± 2.5 | 48.5 ± 3.2 | 46.6 ± 2.6 | 46.5 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 |
| Hematocrit | (%) | 46.7 ± 2.2 | 46.5 ± 2.4 | 45.4 ± 1.7 | 46.9 ± 1.7 | 45.8 ± 1.6 | 45.6 ± 1.9 | < 0.01 |
| Red blood cell | (× 104cells/μl) | 487.4 ± 30.7 | 487.4 ± 31.4 | 474.4 ± 27.3 | 490.8 ± 25.1 | 478.6 ± 30.2 | 471.0 ± 29.1 | < 0.05 |
| Hemoglobin | (mg/dl) | 14.9 ± 0.7 | 14.8 ± 0.8 | 14.4 ± 0.6 | 14.9 ± 0.7 | 14.5 ± 0.6 | 14.2 ± 0.6 | < 0.01 |
| White blood cell | (cells/μl) | 5511.1 ± 1267.3 | 5200.0 ± 1136.9 | 5388.9 ± 869.5 | 5600.0 ± 933.5 | 5933.3 ± 919.2 | 6350.0 ± 750.3 | 0.06 |
| Platelet | (× 104cells/μl) | 21.6 ± 4.4 | 22.0 ± 4.5 | 21.6 ± 3.9 | 22.3 ± 3.5 | 21.3 ± 3.4 | 21.9 ± 4.7 | 0.83 |
| Albuminn | (g/dl) | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 0.27 |
| Fibrinogen | (mg/dl) | 201.9 ± 20.4 | 200.8 ± 24.5 | 193.3 ± 22.4 | 196.9 ± 22.8 | 192.4 ± 26.0 | 198.9 ± 30.7 | 0.09 |
| Total cholesterol | (mg/dl) | 166.1 ± 16.9 | 165.2 ± 14.5 | 162.6 ± 12.4 | 164.2 ± 13.1 | 159.6 ± 12.9 | 160.6 ± 13.6 | < 0.01 |
| HDL-cholesterol | (mg/dl) | 58.2 ± 9.4 | 55.4 ± 8.9 | 54.9 ± 9.5 | 59.1 ± 8.6 | 57.8 ± 9.6 | 60.0 ± 9.1 | < 0.001 |
| Total protein | (g/dl) | 7.3 ± 0.3 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | 7.3 ± 0.3 | 7.4 ± 0.3 | 7.3 ± 0.3 | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 0.18 |
| Beta-lipo protein | (mg/dl) | 259.7 ± 51.8 | 288.9 ± 59.3 | 281.0 ± 59.8 | 248.9 ± 47.4 | 255.4 ± 40.5 | 233.8 ± 37.3 | < 0.001 |
| Tri-glyceride | (mg/dl) | 69.2 ± 45.9 | 151.7 ± 88.2 | 131.0 ± 75.7 | 63.4 ± 31.1 | 111.6 ± 48.7 | 46.0 ± 16.7 | < 0.001 |
| Blood glucose | (mg/dl) | 82.6 ± 3.0 | 74.2 ± 10.4 | 85.8 ± 14.5 | 84.6 ± 7.7 | 96.9 ± 18.9 | 98.2 ± 16.4 | < 0.001 |
Values shown are means ± standard deviations for nine subjects.
P value shows the result of ANOVA of one way repeated measures (Fisher's PLSD) and the value smaller than 0.05 shows significant change for the time course.
Figure 1
Time-course of physiological and hematological parameters. Each point shows mean ± standard deviations. ANOVA suggests a robust daily rhythm of body temperature, heartbeat, blood passage time, hematocrit and total cholesterol. ** P < 0.01 Fisher's PLSD: # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01; 7:30 v.s.10:30, $ P < 0.05, $$ P < 0.01;7:30v.s.13:30, & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01;7:30v.s.16:30, @ P < 0.05, @@ P < 0.01;7:30v.s.19:30, £ P < 0.05, ££ P < 0.01;7:30v.s.21:30
Table 2
Stepwise regression analysis
| Variables | B | SEB | β | r | R2 | SEE |
| Step 1 | ||||||
| Hematocrit | 0.857 | 0.205 | 0.506 | 0.506 | 0.257 | 2.74 |
| Step 2 | ||||||
| Hematocrit | 1.117 | 0.182 | 0.66 | 0.691 | 0.478 | 2.32 |
| Heartbeat | -0.233 | 0.051 | -0.495 | |||
| Step 3 | ||||||
| Hematocrit | 1.063 | 0.171 | 0.627 | 0.744 | 0.553 | 2.17 |
| Heartbeat | -0.178 | 0.051 | -0.379 | |||
| White blood cell | 0.925 | 0.321 | 0.296 | |||
| Step 4 | ||||||
| Hematocrit | 0.843 | 0.169 | 0.497 | 0.799 | 0.638 | 1.97 |
| Heartbeat | -0.047 | 0.061 | -0.099 | |||
| White blood cell | 1.399 | 0.325 | 0.448 | |||
| Body temperature | -5.223 | 1.558 | -0.388 | |||
| Step 5 | ||||||
| Hematocrit | 1.207 | 0.239 | 0.713 | 0.818 | 0.669 | 1.91 |
| Heartbeat | -0.023 | 0.06 | -0.048 | |||
| White blood cell | 1.722 | 0.35 | 0.551 | |||
| Body temperature | -5.414 | 1.509 | -0.402 | |||
| Total cholesterol | -0.07 | 0.034 | -0.305 |
B:standardised partial regression coefficient, SEB:standard error of regression coefficient,
β: normal partial regression coefficient, r:coefficient of correlation,
R2:decision coefficient,
SEE:standard error of the estimate