Figure 1
Example agarose gel image confirming the ancestry of the 3 study populations of C. pipiens according to Bahnck and Fonseca [36]. Amplicons from individuals in our study populations are flanked by a DNA ladder ranging from 1000 to 100 bp. From left to right, central bands represent individuals sampled from our C.p. f. pipiens PENN (n = 2), C.p. f. molestus (n = 2), C.p. f. pipiens CGO (n = 2) populations, with a negative control.
Figure 2
The observed proportion of individuals fed (± bootstrapped 95% CIs) at each time interval in the absence of CO2. Panels A-C represent blood feeding rhythms by single cages of C.p. f. molestus (black), C.p. f. pipiens CGO (red), and C.p. f. pipiens PENN (green), respectively. Bars above panel A represent the light cycle (white = photophase, dark = scotophase).
Table 1
Percentage of population fed for C.p . f. molestus and C.p. f. pipiens PENN when fed preferred vs. non-preferred blood types [following 28, 31, 33]
| Strain | Total fed horse blood | Total fed goose blood | Elapsed time (h) | Horse blood | Goose blood |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| >24 | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) |
Preferred blood types for each population are in italics. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals were calculated via parametric bootstrapping (N = 5000).
Figure 3
The observed proportion of individuals fed (± bootstrapped 95% CIs) at each time interval in the presence of CO2. Panels A-C represent blood feeding rhythms by single cages of C.p. f. molestus (black), C.p. f. pipiens CGO (red), and C.p. f. pipiens PENN (green), respectively. Bars above panel A represent the light cycle (white = photophase, dark = scotophase).
Table 2
Mean and median elapsed times until feeding for each population and treatment combination from Experiment 1
| Treatment | Population | Mean | Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| C.p. f. molestus | 5.3 (4.7, 5.9) | 6 (3, 6) |
Ninety-five percent confidence intervals were calculated via parametric bootstrapping (N = 5000).
Figure 4
Observed percentages fed by C.p. f. molestus (N = 336; in black), C.p. f. pipiens CGO (N = 539; in red), and C.p. f. pipiens PENN (N = 450; in green) over the 24 h day are represented by Panels A-C, respectively. At each elapsed time interval, single cages of ca. 25 females from each population were applied to the blood feeder, and blood fed females were counted at the end of the 3 h interval. Bars above panel A represent the light cycle (white = photophase, dark = scotophase).