Table 1
Demographic information
| Covariates | N (%) or Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
| Parental Education 2 **††† | 3.36 (1.73); N= 61 |
* N (%) is the number and (percentage) for each level of categorical covariate.
** Mean (SD) is the mean and (standard deviation) of each continuous covariate.
Note: Race is redefined by combining the “Asian” group with “White” since there were only 2 Asians. This is what we used for the analysis.
† Family Affluence: validated socio-economic status.
†† Parental Education 1: the highest level of education completed by first guardian in the household.
††† Parental Education 2: the highest level of education completed by second guardian in the household if available.
Figure 1
Average activity of 4 subjects.
Figure 2
Activity plots for non-obese (BMI: 17.78kg / m2– 28.60kg / m2) and obese participants (BMI: 29.16kg / m2– 47.98kg / m2). Predicted means are estimated by the point-wise average of individual predicted means for each 15 minute interval.
Table 2
Differences in average circadian parameters between non-obese and obese participants
| Parameter | Difference Estimate (SE) | P |
|---|---|---|
| ϕ | 1.13 (0.45) | 0.014* |
The parameters A, B, and ϕ denote mean values of individual parameters for either the non-obese or obese groups.
* One outlying observation from an obese participant with a value of -18.5 was deleted when estimating the difference and performing the t-test. A Wilcoxon rank sum test with this observation included was highly statistically significant ( P = 0.007).