Table 1.
Patient characteristics, overall and by SMI status (N = 87,806).
| Variable | Total (N = 87,806) | Schizophrenia (N = 114) | Bipolar (N = 412) | PTSD (N = 82) | MDD (N = 81,405) | Non-SMI (N = 5,793) | Test statistic | p Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||||||
| Mean (SD): | 52.7 (18.9) | 52.7 (19.8) | 47.3 (17.4) | 47.0 (16.6) | 51.7 (18.1) | 52.8 (19.9) | 61.8 | <0.01 |
| Median (min–max): | 53 (18–103) | 55 (18–89) | 48 (18–89) | 48 (18–87) | 51 (18–98) | 53 (18–103) | ||
| Female (%) | 50,359 (57.4) | 63 (55.3) | 256 (62.1) | 47 (57.3) | 4,300 (74.2) | 45,693 (56.1) | 728.2 | <0.01 |
| Race (%) | 155.7 | <0.01 | ||||||
| White | 62,394 (17.1) | 80 (70.2) | 319 (77.4) | 57 (69.5) | 4,493 (77.6) | 57,445 (70.6) | 136.9 | <0.01 |
| Black | 5,816 (6.6) | 17 (14.9) | 13 (3.2) | 7 (8.5) | 285 (4.9) | 5,494 (6.7) | 50.4 | <0.01 |
| Other | 19,596 (22.3) | 17 (14.9) | 80 (19.4) | 18 (22.0) | 1,015 (17.5) | 18,466 (22.7) | 88.8 | <0.01 |
| Hispanic (%) | 4,763 (5.4) | 2 (1.8) | 15 (3.6) | 5 (6.1) | 277 (4.8) | 4,464 (5.5) | 10.8 | 0.03 |
| Selim | ||||||||
| Mean (SD): | 1.7 (1.8) | 1.7 (1.8) | 1.7 (1.8) | 1.9 (2.1) | 2.0 (2.1) | 1.7 (1.8) | 122.3 | <0.01 |
| Median (min–max): | 1 (0–15) | 1 (0–9) | 1 (0–8) | 1 (0–14) | 1 (0–15) | 1 (0–15) | ||
| Admission (%) | 7,269 (8.3) | 16 (14.0) | 53 (12.9) | 10 (12.2) | 668 (11.5) | 6,522 (8.0) | 106.4 | <0.01 |
[i] aPatient characteristics were compared across SMI groups by employing Chi-square analyses for categorical variables and the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables, assuming a Type I error of α = 0.05.
Table 2.
Bayesian logistic regression model results for varying sensitivities, along with the classical logistic regression model approach
| Predictor | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schizophrenia | 1.87 | [1.08, 3.23] | 1.83 | [1.02, 3.12] | 1.82 | [1.02, 3.09] | 1.82 | [1.02, 3.10] |
| Bipolar disorder | 1.73 | [1.28, 2.32] | 1.71 | [1.26, 2.29] | 1.71 | [1.26, 2.29] | 1.71 | [1.26, 2.29] |
| PTSD | 1.52 | [0.76, 3.05] | 1.46 | [0.69, 2.85] | 1.46 | [0.68, 2.86] | 1.46 | [0.69, 2.84] |
| MDD | 1.28 | [1.17, 1.40] | 1.28 | [1.17, 1.40] | 1.28 | [1.17, 1.40] | 1.28 | [1.17, 1.40] |
| Age (decade effect) | 1.03 | [1.01, 1.05] | 1.03 | [1.01, 1.05] | 1.03 | [1.01, 1.05] | 1.03 | [1.01, 1.05] |
| Female | 1.31 | [1.25, 1.38] | 1.31 | [1.25, 1.38] | 1.31 | [1.25, 1.38] | 1.31 | [1.25, 1.38] |
| Black race | 1.07 | [0.97, 1.18] | 1.07 | [0.97, 1.18] | 1.07 | [0.97, 1.18] | 1.07 | [0.97, 1.18] |
| Other race | 0.83 | [0.77, 0.89] | 0.83 | [0.77, 0.89] | 0.83 | [0.77, 0.89] | 0.83 | [0.77, 0.89] |
| Hispanic | 1.09 | [0.98, 1.22] | 1.09 | [0.97, 1.22] | 1.09 | [0.97, 1.22] | 1.09 | [0.97, 1.22] |
| Selim Physical | 1.35 | [1.34, 1.37] | 1.35 | [1.34, 1.37] | 1.35 | [1.34, 1.37] | 1.35 | [1.34, 1.37] |
[i] Note. N = 87,806. CI = confidence interval (credible for Bayesian).