Scalar arguments of the mathematical functions defining molecular and turbulent transport of heat and mass in compressible fluids
By: Andrew S. Kowalski and Daniel Argüeso
References
-
Arya
, S. P. 1988. Introduction to Micrometeorology . Academic Press, San Diego. -
Baldocchi
, D. 2008. Breathing of the terrestrial biosphere: lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems. Australian J. Bot. 56, 1– 26. -
Baldocchi
, D. D., Hicks, B. B.and Meyers, T. P. 1988. Measuring biosphere-atmosphere exchange of biologically-related gases with micrometeorological methods. Ecology, 1331– 1340. -
Barenblatt
, G.I. 2003. Scaling . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. -
Batchelor
, G. K. 1967. An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. -
Betts
, A. K.and Albrecht, B. A. 1986. Conserved variable analysis of the convective boundary layer thermodynamic structure over the tropical oceans.. 44, 83– 99. -
Bird
, R. B., Stewart, W. E.and Lightfoot, E. N. 2002. Transport Phe-nomena . John Wiley & Sons, Cambridge. -
Bres
, M.and Hatzfeld, C. 1977. Three-gas diffusion: experimental and theoretical study. Eur. J. PhysioL, 227– 233. -
Buckingham
, E. 1914. On physically similar systems: illustrations of the use of dimensional equations. Phys. Rev. 4, 345– 376. -
Businger
, J. A. 1986. Evaluation of the accuracy with which dry depo-sition can be measured with current micrometeorological techniques. J. Clim. AppL Meteorol. 25, 1100– 1124. -
Businger
, J. A.and Yaglom, A. M. 1971. Introduction to Obulchov's paper on ‘Turbulence in an atmosphere with a non-uniform tempera-ture’. Bound.-Layer MeteoroL, 3– 6. -
Campbell
, G. S.and Norman, J. M. 1998. Environmental Biophysics . Springer-Verlag, New York. -
Davidson
, E. A.and Trumbore, S. E. 1995. Gas diffusivity and pro-duction of CO2 in the deep soils of the eastern Amazon. Tellus, 550– 565. -
Fierer
, N., Chadwick, O. A.and Trumbore, S. E. 2005. Production of CO2 in soil profiles of a California annual grassland. Ecosystems, 412– 429. -
Finnigan
, J. J. 2004. A re-evaluation of long-term flux measurement techniques. Part II: Coordinate systems. Bound.-Layer MeteoroL, 1– 41. -
Finnigan
, J. 2008. An introduction to flux measurements in difficult conditions. EcoL Appl. 18, 1340– 1350. -
Finnigan
, J. J. 2009. Response to comment by Dr. A.S. Kowalski on “The storage term in eddy flux calculations”. Agri. Forest MeteoroL, 725– 729. -
Finnigan
, J. J., Clement, R., Malhi, Y., Leuning, R.and Cleugh, H. A. 2003. A re-evaluation of long-term flux measurement techniques. Part I: averaging and coordinate rotation. Bound.-Layer MeteoroL, 1– 48. -
Foken
, T. 2008. Micrometeorology . Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. -
Font
, A., Morgui, J.-A., Curcoll, R., Pouchet, I., Caals, I.. 2010. Daily carbon surface fluxes in theWest Ebre (Ebro) watershed from aircraft profiling on late June 2007., 427- 440. -
Forster
, P., Ramaswamy, V, Artaxo, P., Berntsen, N. L., Betts, R.. 2007. Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radia-tive forcing. In:eds. Solomon,, D., M., Z., M.et al.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. -
van Gorsel
, E., Leuning, R., Cleugh, H. A., Keith, H.and Suni, T. 2007. Nocturnal carbon efflux: reconciliation of eddy covariance and cham-ber measurements using an alternative to the u*-threshold filtering technique. Tellus, 397– 403. -
Ha
, K.-J.and Mahrt, L. 2003. Radiative and turbulent fluxes in the nocturnal boundary layer. Tellus, 317– 327. -
Holton
, J. R. 1992. An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology . Academic Press, San Diego. -
Kaimal
, J. C.and Finnigan, J. J. 1994. Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows Their Measurement and Structure . Oxford University Press, New York. -
Katul
, G. G., Finkelstein, P. L., Clarke, J. Eand Ellestad, T. G. 1996. An investigation of the conditional sampling method used to estimate fluxes of active, reactive, and passive scalars. J. AppL Meteorol. 35, 1835– 1845. -
Kim
, J.and Mahrt, L. 1992. Simple formulation of turbulent mixing in the stable free atmosphere and nocturnal boundary layer. Tellus, 381– 394. -
Kim
, Y., Masahito, U., Nakagawa, F., Tsunogai, U., Harazono, Y.. 2007. Assessment of winter fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in boreal forest soils of central Alaska estimated by the profile method and the chamber method: a diagnosis of methane emission and implications for the regional carbon budget, 223- 233. -
Kowalski
, A. S.and Serrano-Ortiz, P. 2007. On the relationship between the eddy covariance, the turbulent flux, and surface exchange for a trace gas such as CO2. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 124, 129– 141. -
Lee
, X. 1998. On micrometeorological observations of surface-air ex-change over tall vegetation. Agri. Forest Meteorol. 91, 39– 49. -
Mahrt
, L. 1986. On the shallow motion approximations.. 43, 1036– 1044. -
Mammarella
, I., Kolari, P., Rinne, J., Keronen, P.and Pumpanen, J. 2007. Determining the contribution of vertical advection to the net ecosystem exchange at Hyyti5.15. forest, Finland. Tellus, 900– 909. -
Massman
, W. J.and Lee, X. 2002. Eddy covariance flux corrections and uncertainties in long term studies of carbon and energy exchanges. Agri. Forest Meteorol. 113, 121– 144. -
Moraes
, O. L. L., Acevedo, O. C., da Silva, R., Magnago, R.and Siqueira, A. C. 2004. Nocturnal surface-layer characteristics at the bottom of a valley. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 112, 159– 177. -
NOAA, NASA and USAF.
, 1976. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. -
Nobel
, P. S. 2005. Physicochemical and Environmental Plant Physiol-ogy . Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam. -
Obulchov
, A. M. 1971. Turbulence in an atmosphere with a non-uniform temperature. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 2, 7– 29. -
Oke
, T. R. 1990. Boundary Layer Climates . University Press, Cam-bridge. -
Petty
, G. W., 2008., Sundog, Madison. -
Pihlatie
, M., Pumpanen, J., Rinne, J., Ilvesniemi, H., Simojoki, A.. 2007. Gas concentration driven fluxes of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide in boreal forest soil., 458- 469. -
Pingintha
, N., Leclerc, M. Y., Beasley, J. P., Zhang, G. J.and Senthong, C. 2010. Assessment of the soil CO2 gradient method for soil CO2 efflux measurements: comparison of six models in the calculation of the relative gas diffusion coefficient. Tellus, 47– 58. -
Rossby
, C.-G. 1932. Thermodynamics applied to air mass analysis. Meteorol. Papers, 1– 41. -
Seinfeld
, J. H.and Pandis, S. N. 1998. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, John Wiley & Sons, New York. -
Sorensen Geernaert
, L. L., Geernaert, G. L., Granby, K.and Asman, W. A. H. 1998. Fluxes of soluble gases in the marine atmospheric surface layer. Tellus, 111– 127. -
Struthers
, H., Allan, W., Lowe, D. C.and Bhaskaran, B. 2007. A com-parison of the transport of long-lived atmospheric trace gas species from two advection schemes incorporated into an atmospheric general circulation model. Tellus, 685– 697. -
Stull
, R. B. 1988. An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology . Kluwer, the Netherlands. -
Sun
, J., Esbensen, S. K.and Mahrt, L. 1995. Estimation of surface heat flux.. 52, 3162– 3171. -
Sutton
, O. G. 1953. Micrometeorology. McGraw-Hill Book Company , Inc., New York. -
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto, 23. -
Webb
, E. K., Pearman, G. I.and Leuning, R. 1980. Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour trans-fer. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 106, 85– 100. -
Wyngaard
, J. C. 1984. Towards convective boundary layer parameteri-zation: a scalar transport module.. 41, 1959– 1969. -
Wyngaard
, J. C. 1990. Scalar fluxes in the planetary boundary layer: theory, modeling, and measurement. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 50, 49– 75. -
Wyngaard
, J. C.and Brost, R. A. 1984. Top-down and bottom-up diffu-sion of a scalar in the convective boundary layer.. 41, 102– 112. -
Wyngaard
, J. C.and Cote, O. R. 1971. The budgets of turbulent kinetic energy and temperature variance in the atmospheric surface layer.. 28, 190– 201. -
Wyngaard
, J. C., Siegel, A.and Wilczak, J. M. 1994. On the response of a turbulent-pressure probe and the measurement of pressure transport. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 69, 379– 396. -
Yi
, C., Davis, K. J., Bakwin, P. S., Berger, B. W.and Man, L. C. 2000. Influence of advection on measurements of the net ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 from a very tall tower. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 9991– 9999. -
Zhang
, J., Lee, X., Song, G., and Han, S., 2011, Pressure correction to the long-term measurement of carbon dioxide flux, Agri. Forest Meteorol. 151, 70– 77.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00579.x | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Language: English
Page range: 1059 - 1066
Submitted on: Dec 4, 2010
Accepted on: Jul 21, 2011
Published on: Jan 1, 2011
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 2011 Andrew S. Kowalski, Daniel Argüeso, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.