Correlations between interannual variations of simulated global and regional CO2 fluxes from terrestrial ecosystems and El Niño Southern Oscillation

Takao Iguchi

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00514.x

Correlations between interannual variations of simulated global and regional CO2 fluxes from terrestrial ecosystems and El Niño Southern Oscillation

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

Volume 63 (2011): Issue 2

By: Takao Iguchi

Open Access

|Jan 2011

Abstract

Using a terrestrial ecosystem model (Sim-CYCLE), CO₂ exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere was simulated for the period of 1980-2000. As a result, the biosphere was totally a sink of CO₂, and the phase of the interannual variation of the global annual CO₂ flux from the biosphere was similar to that of the annual increase of the global atmospheric CO₂. The interannual variation of the global annual CO₂ flux showed high correlation with that of the annual mean ENSO index (NINO.3 monitoring index) for a time lag of 1 yr. As for the regional annual carbon fluxes, some showed high correlation with the annual mean ENSO index for a time lag of 1 yr and some without time lag. Among the regional carbon fluxes those showed high correlations with ENSO index without time lag, some showed positive correlations and some showed negative correlations, and they canceled out each other in total. These negative correlations were found in tropical regions. All the regional carbon fluxes those showed high correlations with ENSO index for a time lag of 1 yr showed positive correlations.

References

Bacastow , R. B . 1976 . Modulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide by the southern oscillation . Nature 261 , 116 – 118 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Baker , D. F. , Law , R. M. , Gurney , K. R. , Rayner , P. , Peylin , P. and co-authors . 2006 . TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: im-pact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of re-gional CO₂ fluxes, 1988 - 2003 . Global Biogeochem. Cycles 20 , 1002 , doi: 10.1029/2004GB002439 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Barnola , J. M. , Anlclin , M. , Porcheron , J. , Raynaud , D. , Schwander , J. and co-authors . 1995 . CO₂ evolution during the last millennium as recorded by Antarctic and Greenland ice. Tellus 47B , 264 - 272 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bousquet R , Peylin , P. , Ciais , P. , Quere , C. L. , Friedlingstein , P. and co-authors . 2000 . Regional changes in carbon dioxide fluxes of land and oceans since 1980. Science 290 , 1342 - 1346 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cao , M. , Prince , S. D. , Tao , B. , Small , J. and Li , K . 2005 . Regional pattern and interannual variations in global terrestrial carbon uptake in response to changes in climate and atmospheric CO₂ . Tellus 57B , 210 – 227 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Conway , T. J. , Tans , P. P. , Waterman , L. S. , Thoning , K. W. , Kitzis , D. R. and co-authors . 1994 . Evidence for interannual variability of the carbon cycle from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration/Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Global Air Sampling Network. J. geophys. Res . 99 , 22831 - 22855 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Elliott , W. P. , Angell , J. K. and Thoning , K. W . 1991 . Relation of at-mospheric CO₂ to tropical sea and air temperature and precipitation . Tellus 43B , 144 – 155 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Feely , R. A. , Gammon , R. H. , Taft , B. A. , Pullen , P. E. , Waterman , L. S. and co-authors . 1987 . Distribution of chemical tracers in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific during and after the 1982-83 El Nino/Southern Oscillation event. J. geophys. Res . 92 , 6545 - 6558 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Friedli , H. , Loetscher , H. , Oeschger , H. , Siegenthaler , U. and Stauffer , B . 1986 . Ice core record of the ¹³C/¹²C ratio of atmospheric CO₂ in the past two centuries . Nature 324 , 237 – 238 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gurney , K. R. , Baker , D. , Rayner , P. and Denning , S . 2008 . Interannual variations in continental-scale net carbon exchange and sensitivity to observing networks estimated from atmospheric CO₂ inversions for the period 1980 to 2005 . Global Biogeochem. Cycles 22 , 3025 , doi: 10.1029/2007GB003082 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hansen , J. , Ruedy , R. , Sato , M. and Reynolds R . 1996 . Global surface temperature in 1995: return to pre-Pinatubo level . Geophys. Res. Lett . 23 , 1665 – 1668 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Houghton , R. A . 2003 . Revised estimates of the annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use and land management 1850-2000 . Tellus 55B , 378 – 390 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ito A. and Oilcawa , T . 2002 . A simulation model of the carbon cy-cle in land ecosystems (Sim-CYCLE): a description based on dry-matter production theory and plot-scale validation . EcoL Model . 151 , 143 – 176 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Japan Meteorological Agency . 2009 . ‘El Nino monitoring and outlook’. Available at: ds.data.jma.go.jp/tcc/tcc/products/elnino. Last accessed 30 Dec 2009.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jones , C. D. , Collins , M. , Cox , P. M. and Spall S. A . 2001 . The carbon cycle response to ENSO: a coupled climate-carbon cycle model study . J. Clim . 14 , 4113 – 4129 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kindermann , J. , Würth , G. , Kohlmaier , G. H. and Badeck , F. W . 1996 . Interannual variation of carbon exchange fluxes in terrestrial ecosys-tems . Global Biogeochem. Cycles . 10 , 737 – 355 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Marland , G. , Boden , T. A. and Andres , R. J . 2009 . Global, Regional, and National Fossil Fuel CO₂ Emissions, in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change . Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge , Tenn .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Neftel , A. , Moor , E. , Oeschger , H. and Stauffer , B . 1985 . Evidence from polar ice cores for the increase in atmospheric CO₂ in the past two centuries . Nature 315 , 45 – 57 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Patra , P. K. , Ishizawa , M. , Maksyutov , S. , Nakazawa , T. and Inoue , G . 2005 . Role of biomass burning and climate anoalies for land-atmosphere carbon fluxes based on inverse modeling of atmospheric CO₂ . Global Biogeochem. Cycles . 19 , 3005 , doi: 10.1029/2004GB002258 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Peylin , P. , Bousquet , P. , Quere , C. L. , Sitch , S. , Friedlingstein , P. and co-authors . 2005 . Multiple constraints on regional CO₂ flux varia-tions over land and oceans. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 19 , 1011 , doi: 10.1029/2003GB002214 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Post , W. M. , Emannuel , W. R. , Zinke , P. Z. and Stangenberger , A. G . 1982 . Soil carbon pools and world life zones . Nature 298 , 156 – 159 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rayner , P. J. , Law , R. M. and Dargaville , R . 1999 . The relationship between tropical CO₂ fluxes and the El Nifio-Southern oscillation . Geophys. Res. Lett . 26 , 493 – 496 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Siegenthaler , U. , Friedli , H. , Loeeetscher , H. , Moor , E. , Neftel , A. and co-authors . 1988 . Stable-isotope ratios and concentration of CO₂ in air from polar ice cores. Ann. Glaciol . 10 , 151 - 156 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tans , P. P. and Conway , T. J . 2009 . ‘ Globally averaged marine surface annual mean growth rates. NOAA/ESRL’. Available at: www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends. Last accessed 30 Dec 2009 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Thompson , M. L. , Enting , I. G. Pearman , G. I. and Hyson , P . 1986 . Interannual variation of atmospheric CO₂ concentration . J. Atmos. Chem . 4 , 125 – 155 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Whittaker , R. H. and Likens , G. E . 1975 . The biosphere and man. The Primary Productivity of the Biosphere. Springer Verlag , New York , 305 – 328 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article