The vertical distribution of atmospheric DMS in the high Arctic summer

Jenny Lundén; Gunilla Svensson; Armin Wisthaler; Michael Tjernström; Armin Hansel; Caroline Leck

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00458.x

The vertical distribution of atmospheric DMS in the high Arctic summer

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

Volume 62 (2010): Issue 3

By: Jenny Lundén, Gunilla Svensson, Armin Wisthaler, Michael Tjernström, Armin Hansel and Caroline Leck

Open Access

|Jan 2010

Abstract

The vertical structure of gas-phase dimethyl sulphide [DMS(g)] in the high Arctic atmosphere is investigated during a summer season. The model results show that the near-surface DMS(g) concentration over open ocean is very variable both in time and space, depending on the local atmospheric conditions. Profiles over ocean have typically highest concentration near the surface and decrease exponentially with height. Over the pack-ice, the concentrations are typically lower and the vertical structure changes as the air is advected northward. Modelled DMS(g) maxima above the local boundary layer were present in about 3% of the profiles found over the pack-ice. These maxima were found in association to frontal zones. Our results also show that DMS(g) can be mixed downward by turbulence into the local boundary layer and act as a local near-surface DMS(g) source over the pack-ice and may hence influence the growth of cloud condensation nuclei and cloud formation in the boundary layer. Profile observations are presented in support to the model results. They show that significant DMS(g) concentrations exist in the Arctic atmosphere at altitudes not to be expected when only considering vertical mixing in the boundary layer

References

Atkinson , R. , Baulch , D. L. , Cox , R. A. , Crowley , J. N. , Hampson , R. E J. and co-authors. 2004 . Summary of evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry; IUPAC subcommittee on gas kinetic data evaluation for atmospheric chemistry , http : //www. iupac-lcinetic.ch.cam.ac.uk/ .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bates , T. S. , Cline , J. D. , Gammon , R. H. and Kelly-Hansen , S. R . 1987 . Regional and seasonal variations in the flux of oceanic dimethylsulfide to the atmosphere . J. Geophys. Res . 92 ( C3 ), 2930 – 2938 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bigg , E. K. , Leek , C. and Nilsson , E. D . 1996 . Sudden changes in the Arctic atmospheric aerosol concentration during summer and autumn . Tellus 48B , 254 – 271 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bigg , K. C. , Leek , C. and Nilsson , E. D . 2001. Sudden changes in aerosol and gas concentrations in the central Arctic marine boundary layer: causes and consequences. J. Geophys. Res . 106 ( D23 ), 32 167 – 32185.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Birch , C. E. , Brooks , I. M. , Tjernstriim , M. , Milton , S. F. , Earnshaw , P. and co-authors. 2009. The performance of a global and mesoscale model over the central Arctic ocean during late summer. J. Geophys. Res . 114 , D13104, 10.1029/2008J1)010790 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bouillon , J.-C. , Lee , P. , de Mora , S. , Levasseur , M. and Lovejoy , C . 2002 . Vernal distribution of dimethylsulphide, dimethylsulfoniopropionate and dimethylsulphoxide in the North Water Polynia, northern Baffin Bay, in 1998 . Deep-Sea Res. Part II 49 , 5171 – 5189 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Capaldo , K. P. and Pandis , S. N . 1997 . Dimethyl sulfide chemistry in the remote marine atmosphere: evaluation and sensitivity analysis of available mechanisms. J. Geophys. Res . 102 ( D19 ), 23251 – 23267 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Charlson , R. J. , Lovelock , J. E. , Andreae , M. O. and Warren , S. G. 1987. Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo and climate . Nature 326 , 655 – 661 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Curry , J. A . 1995 . Interactions amoung aerosols, cloud and climate of the Arctic Ocean. Sci . Tot. En v . 160/161 , 777 – 791 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ferek , R. J. , Hobbs , P. V , Radke , L. F. , Herring , J. A. , Sturges , W. T. and co-authors. 1995. Dimethyl sulfide in the Arctic atmosphere. J. Geophys Res. 100(D12), 26 093-26 104.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Heintzenberg , J. and Leek , C . 1994 . Seasonal variation of the atmo-spheric aerosol near the top of the marine boundary layer over Spitzbergen related to the Arctic sulphur cycle. Tellus 46(B) , 52 – 67.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hodur , R. M. 1997. The Naval Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) . Mon. Wea. Rev . 125 , 1414 – 1430 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Intrieri , J. M. , Shupe , M. D. , Uttal , T. and McCarty , B. J. 2002. An annual cycle of Arctic cloud characteristics observed by radar and lidar at SHEBA. J. Geophys. Res . 107 ( C10 ), 5: 1 – 17.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Karlsson , J. and Svensson , G . 2010. The simulation of Arctic clouds and their influence on winter surface temperature in present day climate in the CMIP3 multi-dataset. Clim. Dyn., 10.1007/s00382-010-0758-6 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kettle , A. J. , Andreae , M. O. , Amouroux , D. , Andreae , T. W. , Bates , T. S. and co-authors. 1999. A global database of sea surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) measurements and a procedure to predict sea surface DMS as a function of latitude, longitude, and month. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 13 , 399 – 444.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Klein , S. A. , McCoy , R. B. , Morrison , H. , Ackerman , A. S , Avramov , A. and co-authors. 2009. Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed-phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. I: single-layer cloud. Quart. J. 135 , 979 – 1002.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Leek , C. and Bigg , E. K. 2005. Source and evolution of the marine aerosol-a new perspective. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 , 1 – 4.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Leek , C. and Bigg , E. K . 2007 . A modified aerosol-cloud-climate feed-back hypothesis . Environ. Chem . 4 , 400 – 403 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Leek , C. , Bigg , K. E. , Covert , D. S. , Heintzenberg , J. , Maenhaut , W. and co-authors. 1996. Overview of the atmospheric research program during the International Arctic Ocean Expedition of 1991 (IA0E-91) and its scientific results. Tellus 48B, 136 – 155.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Leek , C. and Persson , C . 1996a . The central Arctic Ocean as a source of dimethyl sulfide-seasonal variability in relation to biological ac-tivity . Tellus 48B , 156 – 177 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Leek , C. and Persson , C . 1996b . Seasonal and short-term variability in dimethyl sulfide, sulfur oxide and biogenic sulfur and sea salt aerosol particles in the Arctic marine boundary layer during summer and autumn . Tellus 48B , 272 – 299 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Leek , C. , Tjernstriim , M. , Matrai , P. , Swietlicki , E. and Bigg , E. K . 2004 . Can marine micro-organisms influence melting of the Arctic pack ice? . EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Un . 85 ( 3 ), 25 , 30 , 32 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Levasseur , M. , Gosselin , M. and Michaud , S . 1994 . A new source of dimethylsulfide (DMS) for the Arctic atmosphere-ice diatoms . Mar Biol . 121 , 381 – 387 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lindinger , W. , Hansel , A. and Jordan , A . 1998 . Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS): on-line monitoring of volatile organic compounds at ppt levels . Chem. Soc. Rev . 27 , 347 – 354 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Liss , P. and Merlivat , L. 1986. Air-sea gas exchange rates: introduction and synthesis: the role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling Liss, P. and Merlivat, L. D. Reidel Publishing Co. Edit by P. Buat-Meenard.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lohmann , U. and Leek , C . 2005 . Importance of submicron surface-active organic aerosols for pristine Arctic cloud. Tellus 57B , 261 - 268 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lundell , J. , Svensson , G. and Leek , C. 2007 . Influence of meteoro-logical processes on the spatial and temporal variability of atmo-spheric dimethyl sulfide in the high Arctic summer . J. Geophys. Res . 112 ( D13 ).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Matrai , P. A. and Vernet , M . 1997. Dynamics of the vernal bloom in the marginal ice zone of the Barents Sea: dimethyl sulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate budgets. J. Geophys Res. 102(C10), 22 965-22 979.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rinke , A. , Dethloff , K. , Cassano , J. , Christensen , J. H. , Curry , J. A. and co-authors. 2006. Evaluation of an ensemble of Arctic regional climate models: spatial patterns and height profiles. Clim. Dyn. 26, 459 – 472.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sharma , S. , Barrie , L. A. , Plummer , D. , McConnell , J. C , Levasseur , P. C. B. M. and co-authors. 1999. Flux estimation of oceanic dimethyl sulfide around North America. J. Geophys. Res . 104 ( D17 ), 21 327-21 342.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Staubes , R. and Georgii , H.-W . 1993 . Dimethylsulfide: Oceans, Atmo-sphere, and Climate: Measurements of Atmospheric and Seawater DMS Concentrations in the Atlantic, Arctic and Antarctic Region . (eds G. Restelli and G. Angeletti ), Kluwer Academic Publishers , Brussels and Luxembourg .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stockwell , W. R. , Kirchner , E , Kuhn , M. and Seefeld , S . 1997. A new mechanism for regional atmospheric chemistry modeling. J. Geophys. Res . 102 , 25847 – 25879.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tjernstriim , M . 2005 . The summer Arctic boundary layer during the Arctic Ocean Experiment 2001 (AOE-2001) . Bound.-Layer Meteorol . 117 ( 1 ), 5 – 36 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tjernstriim , M. , Leek , C. , Persson , P. O. G. , Jensen , M. L. , Oncley , S. P. and co-authors. 2004. The summertime Arctic atmosphere: meteo-rological measurements during the Arctic Ocean Experiment 2001 (AOE-2001). Bull. Am. Met. Soc. 85, 1305 – 1321.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tjernstriim , M. , Sedlar , J. and Shupe , M. D . 2008 . How well do regional climate models reproduce radiation and clouds in the Arctic? An evaluation of ARCMIP simulations . J. AppL MeteoroL Climata 47 , 2405 – 2422 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tjernstriim , M. , Zagar , M. , Svensson , G. , Cassano , J. , Pfeifer , S. and co-authors. 2005. Modelling the Arctic boundary layer: an evaluation of six ARCMIP regional-scale models with data from the SHEBA project. Bound.-Layer MeteoroL 117 ( 2 ), 337 – 381.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wyser , K. , Jones , C. G. , Du , P. , Girard , E. , Willen , U. and co-authors. 2008. An evaluation of Arctic cloud and radiation processes during the SHEBA year: simulation results from eight Arctic regional climate models. Clim. Dyn. 30, 203 – 223.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00458.x | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 160 - 171

Submitted on: Jan 27, 2010

Accepted on: Apr 8, 2010

Published on: Jan 1, 2010

Published by: Stockholm University Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2010 Jenny Lundén, Gunilla Svensson, Armin Wisthaler, Michael Tjernström, Armin Hansel, Caroline Leck, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 62 (2010): Issue 3