Observation of regional new particle formation in the urban atmosphere
References
-
Aalto
, R, Hämeri, K., Becker, E., Weber, R., Salm, J.and co-authors. 2001. Physical characterization of aerosol particles during nucleation events., 344- 358. -
Atkinson
, R. W., Bremner, S. A., Anderson, H. R., Strachan, D. P., Bland, J. M.and co-authors. 1999. Short-term associations between emergency hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular dis-ease and outdoor air pollution in London.. 54, 398- 411. -
Birmili
, W.and Wiedensohler, A. 2000. New particle formation in the continental boundary layer: meteorological and gas phase parameter influence.. 27, 3325– 3328. -
Birmili
, W., Stratmann, F.and Wiedensohler, A. 1999. Design of a DMA-based size spectrometer for large particle size range and stable operation.. 30, 549– 553. -
Birmili
, W., Berresheim, H., Plass-Dulmer, C., Elste, T., Gilge, S.and co-authors. 2003. The Hohenpeissenberg aerosol formation experiment (HAFEX): a long-term study including size-resolved aerosol, H2504, OH, and monoterpenes measurements.. 3, 361- 376. -
Clarke
, A. D., Davis, D., Kapustin, V. N., Eisele, E, Chen, G. and co-authors. 1998. Particle nucleation in the tropical boundary layer and its coupling to marine sulfur sources. Science, 89- 92. -
Clarke
, A. D., Kapustin, V. N., Eisele, F. L., Weber, R. J. and McMurry, P. H. 1999a. Particle production near marine clouds: sulfuric acid and predictions from classical binary nucleation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 2425- 2428. -
Clarke
, A. D., Eisele, F., Kapustin, V. N., Moore, K., Tanner, D. and co-authors. 1999b. Nucleation in the equatorial free troposphere: Favor-able environments during PEM-tropics. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 5735- 5744. -
Dal Maso
, M., Kulmala, M., Riipinen, I., Wagner, R., Hussein, T. and co-authors. 2005. Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiälä, Finland. Boreal Environ. Res. 10, 323- 336. -
Draxler
, R. R.and Hess, G. D. 1998. An overview of the HYSPLIT_4 modeling system for trajectories, dispersion and deposition.. 47, 295– 308. -
Easter
, R. C.and Peters, L. K. 1994. Binary homogeneous nucleation: temperature and relative humidity fluctuations, nonlinearity, and as-pects of new particle production in the atmosphere., 775– 784. -
Fuchs
, N. A. 1964. The Mechanics of Aerosols. Dover, New York. Hari,P., Kulmala, M., Pohja, T., Lahti, T., Siivola, E. and co-authors. 1994. Air pollution in Eastern Lapland: challenge for an environmen-tal measurement station. Silva Fennica, 29– 39. -
Haywood
, J. M.and Boucher, 0. 2000. Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: A review. Rev. Goephys. 38, 513- 543. -
Hoffman
, D. J. 1993. Twenty years of balloon-borne tropospheric aerosol measurements at Laramie, Wyoming.. 98, 12– 12766. -
Hoppel
, W. A., Frick, G. M., Fitzgerald, J. W.and Larson, R. E. 1994. Marine boundary layer measurements of new particle formation and the effects nonprecipitating clouds have on aerosol size distribution.. 99, 14 443- 14 459. -
Hussein
, T., Puustinen, A., Aalto, P. R, Mäkelä, J. M., Hämeri, K.and co-authors. 2004. Urban aerosol number size distributions.. 4,391-411. -
Hussein
, T., Dal Maso, M., Petäjä, T., Koponen, I. K., Paatero , P. and co-authors. 2005a. Evaluation of an automatic algorithm for fitting the particle number size distributions. Boreal Environ. Res. 10, 337- 355. -
Hussein
, T., Hämeri, K., Aalto, P. P.and Kulmala, M. 2005b. Modal structure and spatial-temporal variations of urban and suburban aerosols in Helsinki area.. 39, 1655– 1668. -
Hussein
, T., Karppinen, A., Kuklconen, J., Härkonen, J., Aalto, P. P.and co-authors. 2006. Meteorological dependence of size fractionated number concentrations of urban aerosol particles.. 40, 1427- 1440. -
Hussein
, T., Kuklconen, J., Korhonen, H., Pohjola, M., Pirjola, L.and co-authors. 2007. Evaluation and modeling of the size fractionated aerosol particle number concentration measurements nearby a major road in Helsinki - Part II: aerosol measurements within the SAP-PHIRE project. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7, 4081-409 4. -
Jokinen
, V.and Mäkelä, J. M. 1997. Closed-loop arrangement with critical orifice for DMA sheath/excess flow system.. 28, 643– 648. -
Keil
, A.and Wendisch, M. 2001. Bursts of Aitken mode and ultrafine particles observed at the top of continental boundary layer clouds.. 32, 649– 660. -
Knutson
, E. 0. and Whitby, K. T. 1975. Aerosol classification by electric mobility: apparatus, theory and applications. J. Aerosol Sci. 6, 443- 451. -
Kulmala
, M., Dal Maso, M., Mäkelä, J. M., Pirjola, L., Väkeva, M.and co-authors. 2001. On the formation, growth and composition of nucleation mode particles., 479- 490. -
Kulmala
, M., Vehlcamiki, H., Petäjä, T., M., Lauri, A. and co-authors. 2004. Formation and growth rates of ultrafine atmospheric particles: a review of observations. J. Aerosol Sci. 35, 143- 176. -
Kulmala
, M., Riipinen, I., Sipild, M., Manninen, H. E. , Petäjä, T. and co-authors. 2007. Toward Direct Measurement of Atmospheric Nu-cleation. Science, 89- 92. -
Kiinzli
, N., Kaiser , R., Medina, S., Studnicka, M., Chanel, 0. and co-authors. 2000. Public-health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution: a European assessment. Lancet, 795- 801. -
Laalcso
, Hussein, Aarnio, Komppula, Hiltunenand co-authors. 2003. Diurnal and annual characteristics of particle mass and number concentrations in urban, rural and Arctic environments in Finland.. 37, 2629- 2641. -
Lehtinen
, K.and Kulmala, M. 2003. A model for particle formation and growth in the atmosphere with molecular resolution in size.. 3, 251– 258 -
Liu
, B. Y. H.and Pui, D. Y. H. 1974. Electrical neutralization of aerosols.. 5, 465– 472. -
Lohmann
, U.and Feichter, J. 2005. Global indirect aerosol effects: a review.. 5, 715– 737. -
Mäkelä
, J. M., Aalto, P., Jolcinen, V., Pohja, T., Nissinen, A.and co-authors. 1997. Observations of ultrafine aerosol particle formation and growth in boreal forest.. 24, 1219- 1222. -
Mäkelä
, J. M., Dal Maso, M., Pirjola, L., Keronen, P., Laalcso, L.and co-authors. 2000. Characteristics of the atmospheric particle formation events observed at a boreal forest site in southern Finland.. 5, 299- 313. -
Nilsson
, E.D.and Kulmala, M. 1998. The potential for atmospheric mixing processes to enhance the binary nucleation rate.. 103, 1381– 1389. -
Nilsson
, E.D., Rannilc, C., Kulmala, M., Buzorius, G., and 0' Dowd, C.D. 2001. Effects of continental boundary layer evolution, convection, turbulence and entrainment, on aerosol formation, Tellus B, 53,441-461. -
Nyelci
, S., Kalberer, M., Lugauer, M., Weingartner, E., Petzold, A.and co-authors. 1999. Condensation Nuclei (CN) and ultrafine CN in the free troposphere to 12 km: a case study over the Jungfraujoch high-alpine research station.. 14, 2195- 2198. -
O'Dowd
, C. D., McFiggans, G., Greasey, D. J., Pirjola, L., Hoell, C.and co-authors. 1999. On the photochemical production of new par-ticles in the coastal boundary layer.. 26, 1707– 1710. -
Perry
, K. D.and Hobbs, P. V. 1994. Further evidence for particle nucle-ation in clean air adjacent to marine cumulus clouds., 22 803- 22 818. -
Petäjä
, T., Kerminen, V.-M., Dal Maso, M., Junninen, H., Koponen , I. K. and co-authors. 2007. Sub-micron atmospheric aerosols in the surroundings of Marseille and Athens: physical characterization and new particle formation. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7, 2705-272 0. -
Pope
, C. A. BI, Burnett, R. T., Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., Krewski, D. and co-authors. 2002. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. Am. Med. Assoc. 287, 1132- 1140. -
Qian
, S., Sakurai, S.and McMurry, P. H. 2007. Characteristics of re-gional nucleation events in urban East St.. 41, 4119– 4127. -
Quant
, E R., Caldow, R., Sem, G. J.and Addison, T. J.1992. Perfor-mance of condensation particle counters with three continuous-flow designs. J. Aerosol Sci. 23, S405-S408. -
Riipinen
, I. 2008. Observations on the first stes of atmospheric particle formation and growth. Report Series in Aerosol Science 95, Finnish Association for Aerosol Research (FAAR) , Helsinki, Finland. -
Samet
, J., Dominici, F. C., Coursac, I. and Zeger, S. 2000. Fine partic-ulate air pollution and mortality in 20 U.S. cities, 1987-1994. New Eng. J. Med. 343, 1742– 1749. -
Seinfeld
, H. S.and Pandis, S. N. 1998. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change 2nd Edition . John Wiley & Sons, New York. -
Shi
, Q. 2003. Continuous Measurements of 3 nm to 10 mm Aerosol Size Distributions in St. Louis. MS Thesis. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455. -
Stolzenburg
, M. R. 1988. An Ultrafine Aerosol Size Distribution System . PhD thesis. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. -
Stolzenburg
, M. R.and McMurry, P. H. 1991. An ultrafine aerosol condensation nucleus counter., 48– 65. -
Twohy
, C. H., Clement, C. F., Gandrud, B. W., Weinheimer, A. J., Campos, T. L.and co-authors. 2002. Deep convection as a source of new particles in the midlatitude upper troposphere.. 107, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000323. -
Vehkamdlci
, H., Dal Maso, M., Hussein, T., Flanagan, R., Hyvärinen, A.and co-authors. 2004. Atmospheric particle formation events at Värriö measurement station in Finnish Lapland 1998-2002.. 4, 2015– 2023. -
Venzac
, H., Sellegri, K.and Laj, P. 2007. Nucleation events detected at the high altitude site of the Puy de Dome Research Station, France.. 12, 345– 360. -
Vesala
, T., Haataja, J., Aalto, P., Altimir, N., Buzorius, G. and co-authors. 1998. Long-term field measurements of atmosphere-surface interac-tions in boreal forest combining forest ecology, micrometeorology, aerosol physics and atmospheric chemistry. Trends Heat, Mass Mo-mentum Transfer, 17- 35. -
Weber
, R. J., McMurry, P. H., Eisele, F. L.and Tanner, J. 1995. Mea-surement of expected nucleation precursor species and 3-500-nm diameter particles at Mauna Loa observatory, Hawaii.. 52, 2242– 2257. -
Weber
, R. J., Marti, J. J., McMurry, P. H., Eisele, F. L., Tanner, D. J.and co-authors. 1996. Measured atmospheric new particle formation rates: implications for nucleation mechanisms.. 151, 53- 64. -
Weber
, R. J., Marti, J. J., McMurry, P. H., Eisele, F. L., Tanner, D. J.and co-authors. 1997. Measurements of new particle formation and ultrafine particle growth rates at a clean continental site. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 4375- 4385. -
Weber
, R. J., Moore, K., Kapustin, V., Clarke, A., Mauldin, R. L.and co-authors. 2001. Nucleation in the equatorial pacific during PEM tropics B: enhanced boundary layer H2504 but no particle production. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 32 767- 32 776. -
Whitby
, K. H. 1978. The physical characteristics of sulfur aerosols.. 12, 135– 159. -
Wiedensohler
, A. 1988. An approximation of the bipolar charge distri-bution for particles in the submicron size range.. 19, 387– 389. -
Winlclmayr
, W., Reischl, G. P., Lindner, A. O. and Berner, A. 1991. A new electromobility spectrometer for the measurement of aerosol size distributions in the size range from 1 to 1000 nm. J. Aerosol. Sci. 22, 289- 296. -
Woo
, K. S., Chen, D. R., Pui, D. Y. H.and McMurry, P. H.2001. Measurements of Atlanta aerosol size distributions: observations of ultraSne particle events. Aerosol Sci. Tech. 34, 75- 87.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00365.x | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Language: English
Page range: 509 - 521
Submitted on: Nov 5, 2007
Accepted on: Apr 7, 2008
Published on: Jan 1, 2008
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 2008 Tareq Hussein, Jyrki Martikainen, Heikki Junninen, Larisa Sogacheva, Robert Wagner, Miikka Dal Maso, Ilona Riipinen, Pasi P. Aalto, Markku Kulmala, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.