Bare soil and reed canary grass ecosystem respiration in peat extraction sites in Eastern Finland

N. J. Shurpali; N. P. Hyvönen; J. T. Huttunen; C. Biasi; H. Nykänen; N. Pekkarinen; P. J. Martikainen

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00325.x

Bare soil and reed canary grass ecosystem respiration in peat extraction sites in Eastern Finland

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

Volume 60 (2008): Issue 2

By: N. J. Shurpali, N. P. Hyvönen, J. T. Huttunen, C. Biasi, H. Nykänen, N. Pekkarinen and P. J. Martikainen

Open Access

|Jan 2008

Abstract

This paper reports chamber measurements of ecosystem respiration (ER) from reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) (RCG) cultivation made during 2004 and 2005 and respiration rates from an adjacent, bare peat extraction site. Annually, the RCG site released 1465 g in 2004 and 1968 g CO₂ m^-2 in 2005. The peat extraction site, however, emitted 498 g in 2004 and 264 g CO₂ m^-2 in 2005. Heterotrophic respiration accounted for about 45% of the RCG ER. Temperature explained 75–88% of the variation in 2005 RCG heterotrophic respiration. Autotrophic respiration was the dominant component of ER and it followed a similar seasonal pattern as the living (green) biomass. RCG heterotrophic respiration was related to soil temperature in interaction with soil volumetric water content and seasonal rainfall distribution. It explained 79 and 47% of the variation in the bare soil respiration from the peat extraction site during 2004 and 2005 snow free periods, respectively. Compared to other ecosystems, emissions from RCG were lower indicating that the RCG is a promising after use option in organic soils.

References

Ahlholm , U. and Silvola , J . 1990 . CO2 release from peat-harvested peat-lands and stockpiles. In: Peat 90. InL Conf on Peat Production and Use , 11-15 June 1990. The Association of Finnish Peat Industries, Jyväskylä, Finland, 1 – 12 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Alm J. , Saarnio , S. , Nykänen , H. , Silvola , J. and Martilcainen , P.J . 1999 . Winter CO2, Cat and N20 fluxes on some natural and drained boreal peatlands . Biogeochemisby 44 , 163 – 186 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Aero , L. , Potila , H. , Laine , J. , Mäkiranta , P. and MinIcicinen , K . 2006 . Soil greenhouse gas emissions from afforested cutaway peatlands. In: A Paper Presented at the Symposium on “Forest Ecosystem Carbon and its Economic Implications” Held on 16.03.2006 at the Finnish Forest Research Institute, Helsinki .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Drebs , A. , Nordlund , A. , Karlsson , P. , Helminen , J. and Rissanen , P . 2002 . Climatological Statistics of Finland 1971-2000 . Meteorological Research and Basic Weather Services, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsink i , 1 – 95 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dunfield , P. E , Topp , E. , Archambault , C. and Knowles , R . 1995 . Effect of nitrogen fertilizers and moisture content on CH4 and N20 fluxes in a humisol: measurements in the field and intact soil cores . Biogeo-chemistry 29 , 199 – 222
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fang , C. and Moncrieff , J. B . 2001 . The dependence of soil CO2 efflux on temperature . Soil Biol. Biochem . 33 , 155 – 165 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Franzluebbers , K. , Franzluebbers , A. J. , and Jawson , M. D . 2002 . Environmental controls on soil and whole-ecosystem respiration from a tallgrass prairie . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J . 66 , 254 – 262 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Freeman , C. , Fenner , N. , Ostle , N. J. , Kang , H. , Dowrick , D. J. and co-authors. 2004. Export of dissolved organic carbon from peatlands under elevated carbon dioxide levels. Nature 430, 10.1038/nature02707
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gorham , E . 1991 . Northern peatlands: role in the carbon cycle and probable responses to climatic warming . EcoL AppL 1 , 182 – 195
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hanson , P. J. , Edwards , N. T. , Garten , C. T. and Andrews , J. A . 2000 . Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: a review of methods and observations . Biogeochemisby 48 , 115 – 146 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hogberg , P. and Read , D. J . 2006 . Towards a more plant physiological perspective on soil ecology . Trends EcoL Evol . 21 , 548 – 554 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Janssens , I. A. , Lankreijer , H. , Matteucci , G. , Kowalski , A. S. , Buchmann , N. and co-authors. 2001. Productivity overshadows temperature in determining soil and ecosystem respiration across European forests. Global Change Biol . 7 , 269 – 278 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Koizumi , H. , Kontturi , M. , Mariko S. and Mela , T . 1996 . Carbon dioxide evolution from snow-covered agricultural ecosystems in Finland . Agric. Food. Sci. Fin . 5 , 421 – 430 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Laine , J. , Silvola , J. , Tolonen , K. , Alm , J. , Nykänen H. , and co-authors. 1996. Effect of water-level drawdown on global climatic warming: northern peatlands. Ambio 25 , 179 – 184 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lewandowslci , I. , Scurlock , J.M.O. , Lindvall , E. and Christou M . 2003 . The development and current status of perennial rhizomatous grasses as energy crops in the US and Europe . Biomass Bioenergy 25 , 335 – 361 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lohila , A. , Aurela , M. , Regina , K. and Laurila , T . 2003 . Soil and total ecosystem respiration in agricultural fields: effect of soil and crop type . Plant and Soil 251 , 303 – 317 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lohila , A. , Aurela , M. , Tuovinen , J.-P. and Laurila , T . 2004 . Annual CO2 exchange of a peat field growing spring barleys or perennial forage grass . J. Geophys. Res . 109 , D18116 , 10.1029/2004JDO04715 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Maljanen , M. , Martikainen , P.J. , Walden , J. and Silvola , J . 2001 . CO2 exchange in an organic field growing barley or grass in eastern Finland . Global Change Biol . 7 , 679 – 692 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Maljanen , M. , Martikainen , P.J. , Aaltonen , H. and Silvola , J . 2002 . Short-term variation in fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane in cultivated and forested organic boreal soils . Soil BioLBiochem . 34 , 577 – 584 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Maljanen , M. , Liilcanen , A. , Silvola , J. and Martikainen , P.J . 2003 . Measuring N20 emissions from organic soils with closed chamber or soil/snow N20 gradient methods. Eur J . Soil Sci . 54 , 625 – 631 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Maljanen , M. , Komulainen , V.-M. , Hytönen , J. , Martikainen , P.J. and Laine , J . 2004 . Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane dynamics in boreal organic agricultural soils with different soil management . Soil Biol. Biochem . 36 , 1801 – 1808 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nykänen , H. , Alm , J. , Lang , K. , Silvola , J. and Martikainen , P.J . 1995 . Emissions of CH4, N20 and CO2 from virgin fen and a fen drained for grassland in Finland . J. Biogeogr 22 , 351 – 357 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nykänen , H. , Silvola , J , Alm , J. and Martikainen , P.J . 1996 . Fluxes of greenhouse gases CH4, CO2 and N20 on some peat mining areas in Finland. In: Northern Peatlands in Global Climate Change (eds Laiho, F. , Laine, J. and Vasander, H. ), Proceeding of the International Workshop held in Hyytiiila FinlancZ 8-12 October 1995, Publications of the Academy of Finland, Helsinki 1/96, 141 – 147 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nykänen , H. , Heilcicinen , J. E. P. , Pirinen , L. , Tiililcainen , K. and Martikainen , P. J . 2003 . Annual CO2 exchange and CH4 fluxes on a subarctic palsa mire during climatically different years . Global Biogeochem. Cycles 17 , 1018 , 10.1029/2002GB001816 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Selin , P . 1999 . Industrial use of peatlands and the re-use of cut-away areas in Finland . PhD Thesis. Jyväskylä Studies in Biological & Environmental Science 79. University of Jyväskylä (in Finnish) .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shurpali , N. J. , Verma , S. B. , Kim , J. and Arkebauer , T. J . 1995 . Carbon dioxide exchange in a peatland ecosystem . J. Geophys. Res . 100 ( D7 ), 14319 – 14326
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Silvola , J. , Alm , J. , Ahlholm , U. , Nykänen , H. and Martilcainen , P.J . 1996 . CO2 fluxes from peat in boreal mires under varying temperature and moisture conditions . J. Ecol . 84 , 219 – 228 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sommerfeld , R. A. , Mosier , A. R. and Musselman , R. C . 1993 . CO2, CH4 and N20 flux through a Wyoming snowpack and implications for global budgets . Nature 361 , 140 – 142 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sundh , I. , Nilsson , M. , Mikkeld , C. , Granberg , G. and Svensson , B.H . 2000 . Fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide on peat-mining areas in Sweden . Ambio 29 , 499 – 503 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tolonen , K . 1967 . On the development of Finnish North Karelian peatlands. Ann. BoL Fenn . 4, 1-416 (in German) .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Turunen , J . 2003 . Past and present carbon accumulation in undisturbed boreal and subarctic mires: a review . Suo 54 ( 1 ), 15 – 28 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Turunen , J. , Tomppo , E. , Tolonen , K. and Reinilcainen , A . 2002 . Estimating carbon accumulation rates of undrained mires in Finland—application to boreal and subarctic regions . Holocene 12 , 69 – 80 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tuittila , E.-S. , Komulainen , V.-M. , Vasander , H. and Laine , J . 1999 . Restored cut-away peatland as a sink for atmospheric CO2 . Oecologia 120 , 563 – 574 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vapo Ltd. , Energy. 2003. Monitoring programme for the use, treatment and leaching of elements from peat extraction areas of the North Karelian Regional Environment Centre Vapo Ltd. Energy, Eastern Finland. 19 p (in Finnish) .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vasander , H. , Tuittila , E.-S. , Lode , E. , Lundin , L. , Ilometsä , M. and co-authors. 2003. Status and restoration of peatlands in northern Europe. Wetlands EcoL Manage . 11 , 51 – 63 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Venendaal , R. , Jorgensen , U. and Foster , C. A . 1997 . European energy crops: a synthesis . Biomass Bioenergy 13 , 147 – 185 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Waddington , J.M. and Roulet , N.T . 2000 . Carbon balance of boreal patterned peatland . Global Change Biol . 6 , 87 – 97 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Waddington , J.M. , Warner , K.D. and Kennedy G.W . 2002 . Cutover peat-lands: a persistent source of atmospheric CO2. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 16, 10.1029/2001GB001398 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
West , T.O. and Post , W.M . 2002 . Soil organic carbon sequestration rates by tillage and crop rotation: a global data analysis . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J . 66 , 1930 – 1946 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yuste , J. C. , Janssens , I. A. , Carrara , A. , Meiresonne , L. and Ceulemans , R . 2003 . Interactive effects of temperature and precipitation on soil respiration in a temperate maritime pine forest . Tree Physiol . 23 , 1263 – 1270 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00325.x | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 200 - 209

Submitted on: Dec 28, 2006

Accepted on: Sep 14, 2007

Published on: Jan 1, 2008

Published by: Stockholm University Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2008 N. J. Shurpali, N. P. Hyvönen, J. T. Huttunen, C. Biasi, H. Nykänen, N. Pekkarinen, P. J. Martikainen, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 60 (2008): Issue 2