CO2 exchange of a sedge fen in southern Finland—the impact of a drought period

Mika Aurela; Terhi Riutta; Tuomas Laurila; Juha-Pekka Tuovinen; Timo Vesala; Eeva-Stiina Tuittila; Janne Rinne; Sami Haapanala; Jukka Laine

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00309.x

CO2 exchange of a sedge fen in southern Finland—the impact of a drought period

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

Volume 59 (2007): Issue 5

By: Mika Aurela, Terhi Riutta, Tuomas Laurila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Timo Vesala, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Janne Rinne, Sami Haapanala and Jukka Laine

Open Access

|Jan 2007

Abstract

Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of net ecosystem CO₂ exchange (NEE) were conducted on a boreal sedge fen in southern Finland (61°50’N, 24.12’E) during a 1.5-yr period covering two summers in 2004.2005. The EC data were complemented by chamber measurements, which enabled the partition of the daytime NEE into respiration and photosynthesis. A special emphasis was put on the hydrometeorological responses of CO₂ exchange during a drought period in July 2005. A mean CO₂ efflux of 0.009 mg CO₂ m^-2 s^-1 was observed during mid-winter (January.February), while the night-time respiration during the two Julys averaged 0.09 mgCO₂ m^-2 s^-1. During both years the mean midday uptake in late July was about -0.16 mgCO₂ m^-2 s^-1. An annual CO₂ balance of -188 g CO₂ m^-2 was observed in 2005.Aslightly higher net sink of -219 gCO₂ m^-2 was estimated for 2004. The drought period experienced in July 2005 caused a clear depression in the daily NEE values. From the combined analysis of EC and chamber measurements it was concluded that this was mainly due to increased respiration, but evidence was also found of suppressed photosynthesis due to a high VPD.

References

Ahti , T. , Hämet-Ahti , L. and Jalas , J . 1968 . Vegetation zones and their sections in northwestern Europe. Ann . BoL Fennic i 5 , 169 – 211 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Alm , J. , Schulman , L. , Walden , J. , Nykänen , H. , Martikainen , P. J. and Silvola , J . 1999 . Carbon balance of a boreal bog during a year with an exceptionally dry summer . Ecology 80 , 161 – 174 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Arneth , A. , Kurbatova , J. , Kolle , O. , Shibistova , O. , Lloyd , J. and co-authors. 2002. Comparitive ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of energy and mass in a European Russian and a central Siberian bog II. Interseasonal and interannual variability of CO2 fluxes. Tellus 54B, 514 – 530 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Aubinet , M. , Grelle , A. , Ibrom , A. , Rannik , U. , Moncrieff , J. and co-authors. 2000. Estimates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of forests: the EUROFLUX Methodology. Adv. Ecol. Res . 30 , 113 – 175 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Aurela , M. , Tuovinen , J.-P. and Laurila , T . 2001 . Net CO2 exchange of a subarctic mountain birch ecosystem . Theor AppL Climatol . 70 , 135 – 148 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Aurela , M. , Laurila , T. and Tuovinen , J.-P . 2002 . Annual CO2 balance of a subarctic fen in northern Europe: importance of the wintertime efflux . J. Geophys. Res . 107 , 4607 , doi: 10.1029/2002JDO02055 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Aurela , M. , Laurila , T. and Tuovinen , J.-P . 2004 . The timing of snow melt controls the annual CO2 balance in a subarctic fen . Geophys. Res. Lett . 31 , L16119 , doi: 10.1029/2004GL020315 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Baldocchi , D . 2003 . Assessing the eddy covariance technique for evaluating carbon dioxide exchange rates of ecosystems: past, present and future . Global Change Biol . 9 , 479 – 492 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Belyea , L. R. and Clymo , R. S . 2001 . Feedback control of the rate of peat formation . Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 268 , 1315 – 1321 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bubier , J. L. , Bhatia , G. , Moore , T. R. , Roulet , N. T. and Lafleur , P. M . 2003 . Spatial and temporal variability in growing-season net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange at a large peatland in Ontario, Canada . Ecosystems 6 , 353 – 367 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Corradi , C. , Kolle , O. , Walter , K. , Zimov , S. A. and Schulze , E. D . 2005 . Carbon dioxide and methane exchange of a north-east Siberian tussock tundra . Global Change Biol . 11 , 1910 – 1925 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Crawford , R. M. M . 1989 . Studies in plant survival: ecological case histories of plant adaptation to adversity . Stud. Ecol. 11. Blackwell scientific publications , Oxford , 296 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Crow , S. E. and Wieder , R. K . 2005 . Sources of CO2 emission from a northern peatland: root respiration, exudation and decomposition . Ecology 86 , 1825 – 1834 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Foken , T. and Wichura , B . 1996 . Tools for quality assessment of surface-based flux measurements . Agric. Forest MeteoroL 78 , 83 – 105 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gore , A. J. P. (ed.) 1983 . Ecosystems of the World 4B, Mires: Swamp, Bog, Fen and Moor . Elsevier , Amsterdam , 440 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gorham , E . 1991 . Northern peatlands: role in the carbon balance and probable responses to climatic warming . Ecol. AppL 1 , 182 – 195 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Griffis , T. J. and Rouse , W. R . 2001 . Modelling the interannual variability of net ecosystem CO2 exchange at a subarctic sedge fen . Global Change Biol . 7 , 511 – 530 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Griffis , T. J. , Rouse , W. R. and Waddington , J. M . 2000 . Interannual variability in net ecosystem CO2 exchange at a subarctic fen . Global Biogeochem. Cycles 14 , 1109 – 1121 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Haapanala , S. , Rinne , J. , Pystynen , K.-H. , Hellen , H. , Hakola , H. and co-authors. 2006. Measurements of hydrocarbon emissions from a boreal fen using the REA technique. Biogeosciences 3 , 103 – 112 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ingram , H. A. P . 1983 . Hydrology. In: Ecosystems of the World 4A Mires: Swamp, Bog, Fen and Moor. General Studies (ed. A. J. P. Gore ). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 67 – 158 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (TPCC) 2001. Climate Change 2001: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. In: Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( eds J. J. McCarthy , O. E Canziani , N. A. Leary , D. J. Dokken and K. S. White ). Cambridge University Press, New York, 1032 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jylhä , K. , Tuomenvirta , H. and Ruosteenoja , K . 2004 . Climate change projections for Finland during the 21st century . Boreal Env. Res . 9 , 127 – 152 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Laine , A. , Byrne , K. A. , Kiely , G. and Tuittila , E.-S . 2007 . Patterns in vegetation and CO2 dynamics along a water level gradient in a lowland blanket bog. Ecosystems , in press. doi: 10.1007/S10021-007.9067-2 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lafleur , P. M. , Roulet , N. T. , Bubier , J. L. , Frolking , S. and Moore , T. R . 2003 . Interannual variability in the peatland-atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange at an ombrotrophic bog . Global Biogeochem. Cycles 17 , 1036 , doi: 10.1029/2002GB001983 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lindroth , A. , Lund , M. , Nilsson , M. , Aurela , M. , Christensen , T. R. and co-authors. 2007. Environmental controls on CO2 exchange of boreal mires in Northern Europe. Tellus 59B, this issue .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lloyd , J. and Taylor , J. A . 1994 . On the temperature dependence of soil respiration . Func. Ecol . 8 , 315 – 323 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lund , M. , Lindroth , A. , Christensen , T. R. and Strom , L . 2007 . A temperate bog balance on the edge. Tellus 59B, in press .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McMillen , R. T . 1988 . An eddy correlation technique with extended applicability to non-simple terrain . Boundary Layer MeteoroL 43 , 231 – 245 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Moncrieff , J. B. , Malhi , Y. and Leuning, R. 1996 . The propagation of errors in long-term measurements of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon and water . Global Change Biol . 2 , 231 – 240 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Moore , P. D . 2002 . The future of cool temperate bogs . Environ. Conser 29 , 3 – 20 . doi: 10.1017/S0376892902000024 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Moore , T. , Bubier , J. L. , Frolking , S. E. , Lafleur , P. and Roulet , N. T . 2002 . Plant biomass and production and CO2 exchange in an ombrotrophic bog . J. EcoL 90 , 25 – 36 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Myneni , R. B. , Keeling , C. D. , Tucker , C. J. , Asrar , G. and Nemani , R. R . 1997 . Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991 . Science 386 , 698 – 702 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nordstroem , C. , Soegaard , H. , Christensen , T. R. , Friborg , T. and Hansen , B. U . 2001 . Seasonal carbon dioxide balance and respiration of a high-arctic fen ecosystem in NE-Greenland . Theor AppL ClimatoL 70 , 149 – 166 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rannik , U. , Vesala , T. and Keskinen , R . 1997 . On the damping of temperature fluctuations in a circular tube relevant to the eddy covariance measurement technique . J. Geophys. Res . 102 , 12789 – 12794 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rinne , J. , Riutta , T. , Pihlatie , M. , Aurela , M. , Haapanala , S. and co-authors. 2007. Annual cycle of methane emission from a boreal fen measured by the eddy covariance technique. Tellus 59B, 449 – 457 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Riutta , T. , Laine , J. , Aurela , M. , Rinne , J. , Vesala , T. and co-authors. 2007. Spatial variation in plant community functions regulates carbon gas dynamics even in a seemingly homogenous boreal fen ecosystem. Tellus 59B, this issue .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ruosteenoja , K. , Jylhä , K. and Tuomenvirta , H . 2005 . Climate scenarios for FINADAPT studies of climate change adaption. FINADAPT Working Paper 15. Finnish Environment Institute Mimeographs 345, Helsinki, Finland, 32 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sagerfors , J. , Lindroth , A. , Grelle , A. , Klemedtsson , L. , Weslien , P. and co-authors. 2007. Annual CO2 exchange between a nutrient poor, minerotrophic, boreal mire and the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res ., in press .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sallantaus , T . 1994 . Response of leaching from mire ecosystems to changing climate. In: The Finnish Research Programme on Climate Change, Second Progress Rep . Volume 1 (eds M. Kanninen and P. Heikinheimo ). Publ. Acad., Finland, 291 – 296 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shaver , G. R. , Johnson , L. C. , Cades , D. H. , Murray , G. , Laundre , J. A. and co-authors. 1998. Biomass and CO2 flux in wet sedge tundras: responses to nutrients, temperature, and light. EcoL Monogr 68 , 75 – 97 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shurpali , N. J. , Verma , S. B. and Kim , J . 1995 . Carbon dioxide exchange in a peatland ecosystem . J. Geophys. Res . 100 , 14319 – 14326 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Silvola , J. , Alm , J. , Ahlholm , U. , Nykänen , H. and Martikainen , P . 1996 . CO2 fluxes from peat in boreal mires under varying temperature and moisture conditions . J. Ecol . 84 , 219 – 228 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sottocomola , M. and Kiely , G . 2005 . An Atlantic blanket bog is a modest CO2 sink . Geophys. Res. Lett . 32 , L23804 , doi: 10.1029/2005GL024731 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tuittila , E.-S. , Vasander , H. and Laine , J . 2004 . Sensitivity of C Sequestration in Reintroduced Sphagnum to Water-Level Variation in a Cutaway Peatland . Restoration EcoL 12 , 483 – 493 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Turunen , J. , Tomppo , E. , Tolonen , K. and Reinikainen , A . 2002 . Estimating carbon accumulation rates of undrained mires in Finland — application to boreal and subarctic regions . Holocene 12 , 79 – 90 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Webb , E. K. , Pearman , G. I. and Leuning, R. 1980 . Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer . Q. J. R. MeteoroL Soc . 106 , 85 – 100 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Whiting , G. J. and Chanton , J. P . 2001 . Greenhouse carbon balance of wetlands: methane emission versus carbon sequestration . Tellus 53B , 521 – 528 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wilson , D. , Alm , J. , Riutta , T. , Laine , J. , Byrne , K. A. and co-authors. 2007. A high resolution green area index for carbon gas modelling in peatland vascular plant communities. Plant EcoL 19 , 37 – 51 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00309.x | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 826 - 837

Submitted on: Jan 15, 2007

Accepted on: Jul 5, 2007

Published on: Jan 1, 2007

Published by: Stockholm University Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2007 Mika Aurela, Terhi Riutta, Tuomas Laurila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Timo Vesala, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Janne Rinne, Sami Haapanala, Jukka Laine, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 59 (2007): Issue 5