An overview of regional land-use and land-cover impacts on rainfall

R. A. Pielke Sr.; J. Adegoke; A. Beltrán-Przekurat; C. A. Hiemstra; J. Lin; U. S. Nair; D. Niyogi; T. E. Nobis

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00251.x

An overview of regional land-use and land-cover impacts on rainfall

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

Volume 59 (2007): Issue 3

By: R. A. Pielke Sr., J. Adegoke, A. Beltrán-Przekurat, C. A. Hiemstra, J. Lin, U. S. Nair, D. Niyogi and T. E. Nobis

Open Access

|Jan 2007

Abstract

This paper documents the diverse role of land-use/land-cover change on precipitation. Since land conversion continues at a rapid pace, this type of human disturbance of the climate system will continue and become even more significant in the coming decades.

References

Adegoke , J.O. , Pielke, R. A. Sr., Eastman, J., Mahmood, R. and Hubbard, K. G. 2003. Impact of irrigation on midsummer surface fluxes and temperature under dry synoptic conditions: A regional atmospheric model study of the U.S. High Plains. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 556 – 564.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Adegoke , J.O. , Pielke, R. A. Sr. and Carleton, A. M. 2006. Observational and modeling studies of the impacts of agriculture-related land use change on climate in the central U.S. Agric. Forest Meteor., Special Issue, 132, 203 – 215.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Alapaty , K. , Pleim , J. E. , Raman , S. , Niyogi , D. S. and Byun , D. W . 1997 . Simulation of atmospheric boundary layer processes using local- and nonlocal-closure schemes . J. AppL Meteor , 36 , 214 – 233 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Albrecht , B. A . 1989 . Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness . Science , 245 , ( 4923 ), 1227 – 1230 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Alpert , P. and Mandel , M . 1986 . Wind variability — An indicator for mesoclimatic change in Israel . J. Climate AppL Meteor 25 , 1568 – 1576 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Andreae , M.O. , Rosenfeld , D. , Artaxo , P. , Costa , A. A. , Frank , G. P. , and co-authors. 2004. Smoking rain clouds over the Amazon. Science, 303, 1337 – 1342.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Anthes , R. A . 1984 . Enhancement of convective precipitation by mesoscale variations in vegetative covering in semiarid regions . J. Appl. Meteor 23 , 541 – 554 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Archibold , O. W. 1995. Ecology of World Vegetation. 1st Ed., Chapman and Hall, 510 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Arnfield , A. J . 2003 . Two decades of urban climate research: A review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the Ruban heat island . Intl. J. Climate , 23 , 1 – 26 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Asner , G. P. , Elmore , A. J. , Olander , L. P. Martin, R. E. and Harris, A. T. 2004. Grazing systems, ecosystem responses, and global change. Ann. Rev. Environ. Resources, 29, 261 – 299.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Atlas of Canada ( 2006 ) Accessed from( available on-line at http : //atlas. gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/theme 'modules/borealforest/ index.html)
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Avissar , R. and Werth , D . 2005 . Global hydroclimatological teleconnec-tions resulting from tropical deforestation . J. Hydrometeor , 6 , 134 – 145 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Baidya Roy , S. and Avissar , R . 2002. Impact of land use/land cover change on regional hydrometeorology in Amazonia. J. Geophys. Res ., 107, (D20): 10.1029/2000JD000266 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Baidya Roy , S. , Weaver , C. P. , Pacala , S. W. and Hurtt , G. 2002. Impact of historical land-use/land-cover change on US summer climate. Amer-ican Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting 2002, AGUSM.B41A.12B. Bailc, J. J., Kim, Y. H. and Chun, H. Y. 2001. Dry and moist convection forced by an urban heat island. J. AppL Meteor, 40 , 1462 – 1475. Barnston, A. G.and Schickedanz, P. T. 1984. The effect of irrigation on warm season precipitation in the southern Great Plains. J. Climate AppL Meteor, 23, 865 – 888.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Baron , J. S. , Hartman , M. D. , Kittel , T. G. F. , B and, L. E., Ojima, D. S. and co-authors. 1998. Effects of land cover, water redistribution, and temperature on ecosystem processes in the South Platte Basin. Ecological Applications, 8, 1037 – 1051.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Beltrán , A . 2005. Using a coupled atmospheric-biospheric modeling sys-tem (GERRAMS) to model the effects of land-use/land-cover changes on the near-surface atmosphere. PhD, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, 186 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Betts , A. K. , Ball , J. H. , Beljaars , A. C. M. , Miller , M. J. and Viterbo , P. 1994. Coupling between land-surface boundary-layer parameter-ization and rainfall on local and regional scales: Lessons from the wet summer of 1993. Preprints, Fifth Conference on Global Change Studies. Amer. Meteor. Society, Nashville, TN, 174 – 181.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bonan , G. B . 2002. Ecological Climatology: Concepts and Applications. Cambridge University Press, 678 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bornstein , R. and Lin , Q . 2000 . Urban heat islands and summertime con-vective thunderstorms in Atlanta: Three case studies . Atmos. Environ ., 34 , 507 – 516 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bounoua , L. , Collatz , G. J. , Los , S. 0., Sellers, P. J., Dazlich, D. A. and co-authors. 2000. Sensitivity of climate to changes in NDVI. J. Climate, 13, 2277 – 2292.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bruijnzeel , L. A . 2004 . Hydrological functions of tropical forests : Not seeing the soil for the trees?Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment , 104 , 185 – 228 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Burke , I. C. , Lauenroth , W. K. , Parton , W. J. and Cole , C. V . 1994 . Interactions of landuse and ecosystem structure and function: A case study in the central Great Plains. Integrated Regional Models (eds. P. M. Groffman and G. E. Likens ) Chapman and Hall , 79 - 95 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Castro , C. L. , Pielke , R. A. Sr. and Leoncini , G . 2005 . Dynamical down-scaling: assessment of value retained and added using the Regional At-mospheric Modeling System (RAMS) . J Geophys. Res ., 110 , D05108 , 10.1029/2004JDD004721 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cenedese , A. and Monti , P . 2003 . Interaction between an inland urban heat island and a sea breeze flow: A laboratory study . J. AppL Meteor , 42 , 1569 – 1583 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Changnon , S. A . 2003 . Urban modification of freezing-rain events . J. Appl. Meteor ., 42 , 863 – 870 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chase , T. N. , Pielke , R. A. Sr. , Kittel , T. G. F. , Nemani , R. and Running , S. W . 1996 . Sensitivity of a general circulation model to global changes in leaf area index . J. Geophys. Res ., 101 , 7393 – 7408 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chase , T. N. , Pielke , R. A. , Kittel , T. G. E , Baron , J. S. and Stohlgren , T. J . 1999 . Potential impacts on Colorado Rocky Mountain weather due to land use changes on the adjacent Great Plains . J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos ., 104 , 16673 – 16690 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chase , T. N. , Pielke , R. A. , Kittel , T. G. F. , Nemani , R. R. and Running , S. W . 2000 . Simulated impacts of historical land cover changes on global climate in northern winter . Climate Dynamics , 16 , 93 – 105 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cohen , J. E . 2003 . Human population: The next half century . Science , 302 , 1172 – 1175 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Costa , M. H. and Foley , J. A . 2000 . Combined effects of deforestation and doubled atmospheric CO2 concentrations on the climate of Amazonia . J. Climate , 13 , 18 – 34 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cotton , W. R. and Anthes , R. A . 1992 . Storm and Cloud Dynamics . Academic Press , San Diego , 883 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cotton , W. R. and Pielke , R. A. Sr. 2007 . Human impacts on weather and climate . Cambridge University Press , 2nd Edition , 330 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Craig , K. J . 2002 . MM5 Simulations of urban induced convective precip-itation over Atlanta , GA. Masters Thesis. San Jose State University , 62pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Crutzen , P. J. and Andreae , M . 1990. Biomass burning in the tropics: Impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles . Science , 250 , 1669– 1678 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cutrim , E. D. , Martin , W. and Rabin , R . 1995 . Enhancement of cumulus clouds over deforested lands in Amazonia . Bull. Amer Meteor Soc ., 76 , 1801 – 1805 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
De Ridder , K. , Gallee , H . 1998 . Land surface-induced regional climate change in southern Israel . J Applied Meteor 37 , 1470 – 1485 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dixon , P. G. Mote , T. L . 2003 . Patterns and causes of Atlanta' s ur-ban heat island-initiated precipitation . J. AppL Meteor ., 42 , 1273 – 1284 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Douglas , E. M. , Niyogi , D. , Frolking , S. , Yeluripati , J. B. , Pielke , R. A. Sr. and co-authors. 2006. Changes in moisture and energy fluxes due to agricultural land use and irrigation in the Indian monsoon belt. Geophys. Res. Letts, 33, 10.1029/2006GL02655
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Duriex , L. , Machado , L. and Laurent , H . 2003 . The impact of defor-estation on cloud cover over the Amazon arc of deforestation . Remote Sensing of Environment , 86 , 132 – 140 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eastman , J. L. , Coughenour , M. B. and Pielke , R. A . 2001 . The effects of CO2 and landscape change using a coupled plant and meteorological model . Global Change Biology , 7 , 797 – 815 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eltahir , E. A. B. and Bras , R. L . 1996 . Precipitation recycling . Rev. Geophys ., 34 ( 3 ), 367 – 379 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Epstein , H. E. , Burke , I. C. and Lauenroth , W. K . 2002 . Regional patterns of decomposition and primary production rates in the US Great Plains . Ecology , 83 , 320 – 327 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fahey , B. and Jackson , R. B . 1997 . Hydrological impacts of converting native forests and grasslands to pine plantations, South Island, New Zealand . Agric. Forest Meteor , 84 , 69 – 82 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) , 1989. Role of forestry in combating desertification. Proceedings of the FAO expert Consultation on the Role of Forestry in Combating Desertifi-cation, held in Saltillo, Mexico, 24-28 June 1985. FAO Conservation Guide, 21. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. 333 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Feddema , J. J., Oleson, K. W., Bonan, G. B., Mearns, L. 0., Buja, L. E. and co-authors. 2005. The importance of land-cover change in simulating future climates . Science , 310 , 1674– 1678 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fisch , G. , Tota , J. , Machado , L. A. T. , Silva Dias , M. A. F. , da F. Lyra, R. F. and co-authors. 2004. The convective boundary layer over pasture and forest in Amazonia. Theor AppL Climatol ., 78, 47 – 59.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gaffen , D. and Bornstein , R . 1988 . Case study of urban interactions with a synoptic scale cold front . Meteor Atmos. Phys ., 38 , 185 – 194 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gero , A. F. , Pitman , A. J. , Narisma , G. T. , Jacobson , C. and Pielke , R. A. Sr. 2006 . The impact of land cover change on storms in the Sydney Basin . Global and Planetary Change , 54 , 57 – 78 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gower , S. T . 2003 . Patterns and mechanisms of the forest carbon cy-cle . Ann. Rev. Environ. Res ., 28 , 169 – 204 . (doi:10.1146/annurev. energy.28.050302.105515)
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Grell , G. A. , Dudhia , J. E and Stauffer , D . 1993. A description of the Fifth Generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). Technical Note, NCAR/TN-397±STR, 107 pp. [Available from NCAR, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000]
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hildebrand , P. H. and Ackerman , B . 1984 . Urban effects on the convec-tive boundary layer . J. Atmos. Sci ., 41 , 76 – 91 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hogg , E. H. , Price , D. T. and Black , T. A . 2000 . Postulated feedbacks of deciduous forest phenology on seasonal climate patterns in the western Canadian interior . J. Climate 13 , 4229 – 4243 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Holt , T. , Niyogi , D. S. , Chen , F. , Manning , K. , LeMone , M. and co-authors. 2006. Effect of land-atmosphere interactions on the IFIOP 24-25 May 2002 convection case. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134 , 113 – 133. Huff, T. E.,1986. Urban hydrometeorology review. Bull. Amer. Meteor Soc., 67, 703 – 711.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Huff , F. A. and Changnon , S. A. Jr . 1973 . Precipitation modification by major urban areas . Bull. Amer Meteor Soc ., 54 , 1220 – 1232 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jackson , R. B. , Canadell , J. , Ehleringer , J. R. , Mooney , H. A. , Sala, 0. E. and co-authors. 1996. A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomes. Oecologia, 108, 389 – 411.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jackson , R. B. , Jobbágy , E.G. , Avissar , R. , Baidya Roy , S. , Barrett , D. J. and co-authors. 2005. Trading water for carbon with biological carbon sequestration . Science , 310 , 1944– 1947 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kalnay , E. , Kanamitsu , M. , Kistler , R. , Collins , W. , Deaven , D. and co-authors. 1996. The NCEP / NCAR 40-year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor Soc., 77, 437 – 471.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kanae , S. , Oki , T. and Musiake , K . 2001 . Impact of deforestation on regional precipitation over the Indochina Peninsula . J. Hydrometeor , 2 , 51 – 70 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kaufman , Y. J. and Fraser , R. S . 1997 . The effect of smoke particles on clouds and climate forcing . Science , 277 , 1636 – 1639 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Khain , A. , Rosenfeld , D. and Pokrovsky , A . 2005 . Aerosol impact on the dynamics and microphysics of deep convective clouds . Quart. J. Roy. Meteor Soc ., 131 , 1 – 25 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Knowles , J. B. 1993. M.S. Thesis : The influence of forest fire in-duced albedo differences on the generation of mesoscale circula-tions. Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, 86 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kuchler , A. W . 1964. Potential natural vegetation of the conterminous United States. American Geographical Society, Special Publication No. 36.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kummerow , C. , Simpson , J. , Thiele, 0., Barnes, W., Chang, A. T. C. and co-authors. 2000. The status of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) after two years in orbit . J. AppL Meteor , 39 , 1965– 1982 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kusaka , H . 2002. Formation mechanism of urban heat island, numer-ical study on flow and heat budget. PhD Dissertation, University of Tsukuba, Japan, 153 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lambin , E. F. , Geist , H. J. and Lepers , E . 2003 . Dynamics of land-use and land-cover change in tropical regions . Ann. Rev. Environ. Resources ., 28 , 205 – 241 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lauenroth , W. K. and Milchunas , D. G . 1991 . Short-grass steppe . Natu-ral Grasslands: Introduction and western hemisphere (ed. R. T. Cou-pland) , Elsevier , 183 – 226 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lawton , R.O. , Nair, U.S., Pielke, R. A. and Welch, R. M. 2001. Climatic impact of tropical lowland deforestation on nearby montane cloud forests. Science, 294, 584 – 587.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lemonsu , A. and Masson , V . 2002 . Simulation of a summer urban breeze over Paris . Boundary-Layer Meteor , 104 , 463 – 490 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lohar , D. and Pal , B . 1995 . The effect of irrigation on premonsoon season precipitation over South West Bengal, India . J. Climate , 8 , 2567 – 2570 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lin , J. C. , Matsui , T. , Pielke , R. A. Sr. and Kummerow , C . 2006 . Effects of biomass burning-derived aerosols on precipitation and clouds in the Amazon Basin: a satellite-based empirical study . J. Geophys. Res ., 111 ( D19204 ), 10.1029/2005JDO06884 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lobell , D. B. , Bala , G. Bonfils, C. and Duffy, P. B. 2006. Potential bias of model projected greenhouse warming in irrigated regions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L13709, 10.1029/2006GL026770 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lohmann , U. and Feichter , J . 2005 . Global indirect aerosol effects: A review . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 5 , 715 – 737 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Marland , G. , Pielke , R. A. Sr. , Apps , M. , Avissar , R. , Betts , R. A. and co-authors. 2003. The climatic impacts of land surface change and car-bon management, and the implications for climate-change mitigation policy. Climate Policy, 3, 149 – 157.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Marotz , G. A. , Clark , J. , Henry , J. and Standfast , R . 1975 . Cloud fields over irrigated areas in southwestern Kansas — Data and speculations . Prof Geogr , 27 , 457 – 461 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Masson , V . 2000 . A physically-based scheme for the urban energy budget in atmospheric models . Boundary-Layer Meteor , 94 , 357 – 397 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Martilli , A . 2003 . A two-dimensional numerical study of the impact of a city on atmospheric circulation and pollutant dispersion in a coastal environment . Boundary-Layer Meteor . 108 , 91 – 119 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McCulley , R. L. , Burke , I. C. , Nelson , J. A. , Lauenroth , W. K. , Knapp , A. K. and co-authors. 2005. Regional patterns in carbon cycling across the Great Plains of North America. Ecosystems, 8, 106 – 121.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McGuffie , K. , Henderson-Sellers , A. , Zhang , H. , Durbidge , T. B and Pitman, A. J. 1995. Global climate sensitivity to tropical deforestation. Global and Planetary Change, 10, 97 – 128.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Meher-Homji , V. M . 1991 . Probable impact of deforestation on hydro-logical processes . Climate Change , 19 , 163 – 173 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Molders , N. and Olson , M. A . 2004 . Impact of urban effects on precipi-tation in high latitudes . J. Hydrometeor 5 , 409 – 429 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nair , U. S. , Lawton , R.O. , Welch, R. M. and Pielke, R. A. Sr. 2003. Im-pact of land use on Costa Rican tropical montane cloud forests: Sensi-tivity of cumulus cloud field characteristics to lowland deforestation. J. Geophys. Res ., 108(D7), 4206, 10.1029/2001JDO01135 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nair , U. S. , Ray , D. K. , Lawton , R.O. , Welch , R. M. , Pielke, R. A. Sr. and co-authors. 2006. Impact of deforestation on orographic cloud formation in a complex tropical environment. In: Mountains in the Mist, Science for conserving and managing Tropical Montane Cloud Forest. (eds. L. A. Bruijnzeel, J. Juvik, F. Scatena, L. Hamilton and P. Bubb), University of Hawaii Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Narisma , G. T. and Pitman , A. J . 2003 . The impact of 200 years of land cover change on the Australian near-surface climate . J. Hydrometeor , 4 , 424 – 436 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
National Agricultural Statistics Service . 1998. 2002. Crop values: Final estimates by states, 1992-1997; 2002. Statistical Bulletin. Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 963. (available on-line at: http://www.usda.gov/nass/pubs/histdata.htm)
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
National Research Council , 2005 . Radiative forcing of climate change: Expanding the concept and addressing uncertainties , The National Academies Press , Washington , D.C .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nepstad , D. C. , de Carvalho , C. R. , Davidson , E. A. , Jipp , P. H. , Lefebvre, P. A. and co-authors. 1994. The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of Amazonian forests and pastures. Nature, 372, 666 – 669.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Niyogi , D. and Xue , Y.-K . 2006 . Soil moisture regulates the biological response of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations in a coupled atmosphere biosphere model . Global and Planetary Change , 54 , 94 – 108 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Niyogi , D. , Chang , H. , Saxena , V. K , Holt , T. , Alapaty, K. and co-authors. 2004. Direct observations of the effects of aerosol loading on net ecosystem CO2 exchanges over different landscapes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L20506, 10.1029/2004GL020915 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Niyogi , D. , Holt , T. , Zhong , S. , Pyle , P. C. and Basara , J . 2006 . Urban and land surface effects on the 30 July 2003 MCS event observed in the southern Great Plains . J. Geophys. Res , 111 ( D19107 ), 10.1029/2005JD006746 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nobis , T. E . 2006 . Coupling RAMS with an urban parameterization scheme: Sensitivity and case studies . PhD, Colorado State University, Atmospheric Science Department, Fort Collins, CO , In preparation .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nosetto , M. D. , Jobbagy , E.G. and Paruelo , J. M . 2005 . Land-use change and water losses: the case of grassland afforestation across a soil tex-tural gradient in central Argentina . Global Change Biol ., 11 , 1101 – 1117 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ohashi , Y. and Kida , H . 2002 . Local circulations developed in the vicinity of both coastal and inland urban areas: A numerical study with a mesoscale model . J. AppL Meteor , 41 , 30 – 45 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ohashi , Y. and Kida , H . 2004 . Local circulations developed in the vicinity of both coastal and inland urban areas. Part II: Effects of urban and mountain areas on moisture transport . J. Appl. Meteor , 43 , 119 – 133 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Oke , T. R . 1987 . Boundary Layer Climates. 2nd Dd . Methuen, xxi v , 435 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Oke , T. R . 1988 . The urban energy balance . Prog Phys Geogr 12 : 471 – 508 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Otterman , J. , 0' C Starr, D., Manes, A., Rubin, A. and Alpert, P. 1990. An increase of early rains in southern Israel following land-use change? Boundary-Layer Meteor, 53, 333 – 351.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Oyama , M. D. and Nobre , C. A . 2004 . Climatic consequences of a large-scale desertification in northeast Brazil: A GCM simulation study . J. Climate , 17 , 3203 – 3213 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Parton , W. J. , Gutmann , M. P. , Williams , S. A. , Easter , M. and Ojima , D . 2005 . Ecological impact of historical land-use patterns in the Great Plains: A methodological assessment . Ecological Applications , 15 , 1915 – 1928 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Paruelo , J. M. , Burke , I. C. and Lauenroth , W. K . 2001 . Land-use impact on ecosystem functioning in eastern Colorado, USA . Global Change Biology , 7 , 631 – 639 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pielke , Sr. R. A. 2001 . Influence of the spatial distribution of vegeta-tion and soils on the prediction of cumulus convective rainfall . Rev. Geophys . 39 , 151 – 177 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pielke , Sr. R. A. 2004 . Discussion Forum: A broader perspective on climate change is needed . IGBP Newsletter , 59 , 16 – 19 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pielke , Sr. R. A. and Zeng, X. 1989. Influence on severe storm develop-ment of irrigate land. National Wea. Dig., 14, 16 – 17.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pielke , R. A. and Vidale , P. L . 1995 . The boreal forest and the polar front . J. Geophys. Res ., 100 , 25755 – 25758 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pielke , R. A. , Dalu , G. , Snook , J. S. , Lee , T. J. and Kittel , T. G. F . 1991 . Nonlinear influence of mesoscale land use on weather and climate . J Climate , 4 , 1053 – 1069 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pielke , Sr. R. A. , Marland , G. , Betts , R. A. , Chase , T. N. , Eastman , J. and co-authors. 2002. The influence of land-use change and land-scape dynamics on the climate system- relevance to climate change policy beyond the radiative effect of greenhouse gases . Phil. Trans. A. Special Theme Issue , 360 , 1705– 1719 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pielke , Sr. R. A. , Adegoke , J. 0., Chase, T. N., Marshall, C. H., Matsui, T. and co-authors. 2006. A new paradigm for assessing the role of agriculture in the climate system and in climate change. Agric. Forest Meteor., Special Issue, 132, 234 – 254.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pinty , J.-P. , Mascart , R , Richard , E. and Rosset , R . 1989 . An investiga-tion of mesoscale flows induced by vegetation inhomogeneities using an evapotranspiration model calibrated against HAPEX-MOBILHY data . J. Appl. Meteor , 28 , 976 – 992 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pitman , A. J . 2003 . The evolution of, and revolution in, land surface schemes designed for climate models. Int. J. Climatol. , 23 , 479 – 510. Pitman, A. J. and Narisma, G. T. 2005. The role of land surface processes in regional climate change: a case study of future land cover change over south western Australia. Meteor Atmos. Phys. , 89 , 235 – 249. Pitman, A. J., Narisma, G. T., Pielke, R. A. Sr. and Holbrook, N. J. 2004. The impact of land cover change on the climate of south-west Western Australia . J. Geophys. Res ., 109 , D18109 10.1029/2003JD004347 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ramanathan , V. , Crutzen , P. J. , Kiehl , J. T. and Rosenfeld , D . 2001 . Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle . Science . 294 , 2119 – 2124 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ray , D. K. , Nair , U. S. , Lawton , R.O. , Welch, R. M. and Pielke, R. A. Sr. 2006. Impact of land use on Costa Rican tropical montane cloud forests: Sensitivity of orographic cloud formation to deforestation in the plains. J. Geophys. Res ., 111, D02108, 10.1029/2005J1006096 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rosenfeld , D . 1999 . TRMM observed first direct evidence of smoke from forest fires inhibiting rainfall. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 26 ( 20 ), 3105 - 3108 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Segal , M. , Schreiber , W. E. , Kallos , G. , Garratt , J. R. , Rodi , A. and co-authors. 1989. The impact of crop areas in northeast Colorado on midsummer mesoscale thermal circulations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 809 – 825.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Segal , M. , Pan , Z. , Turner , R. W. and Takle , E. S . 1998 . On the potential impact of irrigated areas in North America summer rainfall caused by large-scale systems . J. AppL Meteor , 37 , 325 – 331 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sellers , P. J. ,1992. Biophysical models of land surface processes. In: Cli-mate System Modeling, (ed. K. E. Trenberth ), Cambridge University Press, 451-490 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sellers , P. , Hall , F. , Ranson , K. J. , Margolis , H. , Kelly , B. and co-authors. 1995. The boreal ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): An overview and early results from the 1994 field year. Bull. Amer Meteor. Soc., 76, 1549 – 1577.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sen , O. L. , Wang , Y. and Wang , B. 2004. Impact of Indochina deforesta-tion on the East Asian summer monsoon. J. Climate, 17 , 1366 – 1380. Setzer, A. W., Pereira, M. C. and Pereira, A. C. Jr. 1994. Satellite studies of biomass burning in Amazonia-some practical aspects. Remote Sens. Rev., 10, 91 – 103.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shepherd , J. M . 2005. A review of current investigations of urban-induced rainfall and recommendations for the future. Earth Interac-tions, 9, paper 12,27 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shepherd , J. M. and Burian , S. J . 2003. Detection of urban-induced rainfall anomalies in a major coastal city. Earth Interactions, 7, paper 4,17 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Silva Dias , M. , Rutledge , S. , Kabat , P. , Silva Dias , P. L. , Nobre, C. and co-authors. 2002. Cloud and rain processes in a biosphere-atmosphere interaction context in the Amazon region. J. Geophys. Res ., 29, 10.1029/2000JDO00335.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sims , P. L. and Risser , P. G . 2000. Grasslands. North American Terres-trial Vegetation. 2nd Ed., (eds. M. G. Barbour and W. D. Billings ), Cambridge University Press, 323 – 356.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Skole , D. and Tucker , C . 1993 . Tropical deforestation and habitat frag-mentation in the Amazon: Satellite data from 1978 to 1988 . Science , 260 , 1905 – 1910 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Souza , E. P. , RennO , N . 0. and Silva Dias, M. A. F. 2000. Convective circulations induced by surface heterogeneities. J. Atmos. Sci ., 57 , 2915 – 2922.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stocks , B. J . 1991. The extent and impact of forest fires in northern circumpolar countries. In Global biomass burning-atmospheric, cli-matic, and biospheric implications. MIT Press, 197 – 202.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stohlgren , T. J. , Chase , T. N. , Pielke , R. A. , Kittel , T. G. F. and Baron , J. S . 1998 . Evidence that local land use practices influence regional climate, vegetation, and stream flow patterns in adjacent natural areas . Global Change Biology , 4 , 495 – 504 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stull , R. B . 1988 . An introduction to boundary layer meteorology . Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands , 1988 , 666 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sud , Y. C. and Smith , W. E . 1985 . Influence of local land surface pro-cesses on the Indian monsoon - A numerical study . J. Climate AppL Meteor , 24 ( 10 ), 1015 – 1036 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Swank , W. T. and Vose , J. M . 1994. Long-term hydrologic and stream chemistry responses of southern Appalachian catchments following conversion from mixed hardwoods to white pine. In: (ed. R. Lan-dolt), Hydrologie kleiner Einzugsgebiete: Gedenlcschrift Hans M. Keller. Beitrage zur Hydrologie der Schweiz 35. Bern, Schweiz-erische: Schweizerische Gesellschaft fur Hydrologie und Limnologie, 164 – 172.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
UNDP [United Nations Development Programme] , 2003 . The clean de-velopment mechanism: A user' s guide . Energy and Environment Group. Bureau for Development Policy. New York . 20 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Van den Heever , S. C. and Cotton , W. R . 2005. Modeling the impacts of urban aerosol on convection and precipitation. Extended Abstract. Presented at the 2nd Urban Symposium, San Diego, CA, January, 2005.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Van der Molen , M. K . 2002. Meteorological impacts of land use change in maritime tropics. PhD, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Nether-lands, 262 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Van der Molen , M. K. , Dolman , A. J. , Waterloo , M. J. and Bruijnzeel , L. A . 2006 . Climate is affected more by maritime than by continental land use change: A multiple scale analysis . Global and Planetary Change , 54 , 128 – 149 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vidale , P. L. , PieIke , R. A. , Barr , A. and Steyaert , L. T . 1997 . Case study modeling of turbulent and mesoscale fluxes over the BOREAS region . J. Geophys. Res ., 102 , 29167 – 29188 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vogelmann , J. E. , Howard , S. M. , Yang , L. M. , Larson , C. R. , Wylie , B. K. and co-authors. 2001. Completion of the 1990s National Land Cover Data set for the conterminous United States from Landsat Thematic Mapper data and Ancillary data sources. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens., 67, 650 – 652.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Walker , G. R. , Zhang , L. , Ellis , T. W. , Jatton , T. H. and Petheram , C . 2002 . Estimating impacts of changed land use on recharge: review of modeling and other approaches appropriate for management of dryland salinity . Hydrogeology J ., 10 , 68 – 90 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Warner , J. and Twomey , S . 1967 . The production of cloud nuclei by cane fires and the effect on cloud droplet concentration. J. Atmos. Sc i ., 24 , 704 – 706 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Werth , D. and Avissar , R . 2002 . The local and global effects of Amazon deforestation . J. Geophys. Res ., 107 ( D20 ), 10.1029/2001JD000717 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Williams , J. H. and Murfield , S . 1977. Agricultural Atlas of Nebraska. University of Nebraska Press, 215 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
World Bank , 2000 . Policy Elements for Sustainable Development in the XXI Century. Argentina Water Resources Management. February 18 , 2000. Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Argentina Coun-try Department and Finance , Private Sector and Infrastructure , and Environment and Socially Sustainable Development .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Xue , Y . 1996 . The impact of desertification in the Mongolian and the inner Mongolian grassland on the regional climate . J Climate , 9 , 2173 – 2189 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Xue , Y. and Shukla , J . 1993 . The influence of land surface proper-ties on Sahel climate. Part I: Desertification . J Climate , 6 , 2232 – 2245 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Xue , Y. and Shukla , J . 1996 . The influence of land surface proper-ties on Sahel climate . PartAfforestation. J. Climate , 9 , 3260 – 3275 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Xue , Y. , Fennessy , M. J. and Sellers , P. J . 1996 . Impact of vegetation prop-erties on U.S. summer weather prediction . J. Geophys. Res ., 101 ( D3 ), 7419 – 7430 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yoshilcado , H . 1992 . Numerical study of the “daytime urban effect and its interaction with the sea breeze . J. AppL Meteor , 31 , 1146 – 1164 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhao , M. , Pitman , A. J. and Chase , T . 2001 . The impact of land cover change on the atmospheric circulation . Climate Dynamics , 17 , 467 – 477 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00251.x | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 587 - 601

Submitted on: Feb 22, 2006

Accepted on: Oct 26, 2006

Published on: Jan 1, 2007

Published by: Stockholm University Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2007 R. A. Pielke Sr., J. Adegoke, A. Beltrán-Przekurat, C. A. Hiemstra, J. Lin, U. S. Nair, D. Niyogi, T. E. Nobis, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 59 (2007): Issue 3