Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
On the upper tropospheric formation and occurrence of high and thin cirrus clouds during anticyclonic poleward Rossby wave breaking events Cover

On the upper tropospheric formation and occurrence of high and thin cirrus clouds during anticyclonic poleward Rossby wave breaking events

Open Access
|Jan 2010

References

  1. Alpers , M. , Eixmann , R. , Höffner , J. , Köpnick , T. , Schneider , J. and co-authors . 1999 . The Rayleigh/Mie/Raman lidar at TAP Kahlungsborn. J. Aerosol Sci . 30 (Suppl. 1) , 637 638 .
  2. Chen , T. , Rossow , W. B. and Zhang , Y . 2000 . Radiative effects of cloud type variations . J. Clim . 13 , 264 286 .
  3. DeMott , P. J. , Cziczo , D. J. , Prenni , A. J. , Murphy , D. M. , Kreidenweis , S. M. and co-authors . 2003 . Measurements of the concentration and composition of nuclei for cirrus formation. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 100 , 14655 14660 .
  4. Ertel , H . 1942 . Ein neuer hydrodynamischer Wirbelsatz . MeteoroL Z . 59 , 277 281 .
  5. Flohn , H. , Kapala , A. , Knoche , H. R. and Mächel , H . 1992 . Water vapor as an amplifier of the greenhouse effect: new aspects . MeteoroL Z., NF 1 , 122 138 .
  6. Fusina , F. , Spichtinger , P. and Lohmann , U . 2007 . Impact of ice super-saturated regions and thin cirrus on radiation in the midlatitudes . J. Geophys. Res . 112 , D24514 , 10.1029/2007JD008449 .
  7. Gabriel , A. and Peters , D . 2008 . A diagnostic study of Rossby wave breaking events in the northern hemisphere . J. Meteor Soc. Japan 86 ( 5 ), 613 631 .
  8. Gierens , K. , Schumann , U. , Helten , M. , Smit , H. and Marenco , A . 1999 . A distribution law for relative humidity in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere derived from three years of MOZAIC measure-ments . Ann. Geophys . 17 , 1218 1226 .
  9. Gierens , K . 2003 . On the transition between heterogeneous and homoge-neous freezing. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 3 , 437 446 , http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/437/2003/ .
  10. Immler , F. , Treffeisen , R. , Engelbart , D. , Kruger , K. and Schrems , O. 2008. Cirrus, contrails, and ice supersaturated regions in high pressure systems at northern mid latitudes . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 8 , 1689– 1699 .
  11. James , P. M. and Peters , D . 2002 . The Lagrangian structure of ozone mini-holes and potential voracity anomalies . Ann. Geophys . 20 , 835 846 .
  12. Kaercher , B. and Lohmann , U . 2002 . A Parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: homogeneous freezing including effects of aerosol size . J. Geophys. Res . 107 , 4698 , 10.1029/2001JDO01429 .
  13. Kaercher , B. and Strom , J . 2003 . The roles of dynamical variability and aerosols in cirrus cloud formation . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 3 , 823 838 .
  14. Kaercher , B. , Hendricks , J. and Lohmann , U . 2006 . Physically-based pa-rameterization of cirrus cloud formation for use in global atmospheric models . J. Geophys. Res . 111 , D01205 , 10.1029/2005JD006219 .
  15. Kaercher , B , Mohler , O. , DeMott , P. J. , Pechtl , S. and Yu , F . 2007 . Insights into the role of soot aerosols in cirrus cloud formation . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 4203 4227 .
  16. Kirchner , I. and Peters , D . 2003 . Modelling the wintertime response to upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric ozone anomalies over the North Atlantic and Europe . Ann. Geophys . 21 , 2107 2118 .
  17. Koch , G. , Wernli , H. , Schwierz , C. , Staehelin , J. and Peter , T . 2005 . A composite study on the structure and formation of ozone miniholes and minihighs over Central Europe . Geophys. Res. Lett . 32 , L12810 , 10.1029/2004GL022062 .
  18. Koop , T . 2004 . Homogeneous ice nucleation in water and aqueous so-lutions (Review Article) . Z. Phys. Chem . 218 , 1231 1258 .
  19. Koop , T. , Luo , B. , Tsias , A. and Peter , T . 2000 . Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions . Nature 406 , 611 614 .
  20. Krämer , M. , Schiller , C. , Afchine , A. , Bauer , R. , Gensch , I. and co-authors . 2009 . Ice supersaturations and cirrus cloud crystal numbers. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 9 , 3505 3522 .
  21. Lynch , D. K. , Sassen , D. , Starr , O. C. and Stephens , G . 2002 . Cirrus . Oxford University Press , New York , 480 pp .
  22. Mace , G. G. , Benson , S. and Vernon , E . 2006 . On the relation-ship between cirrus cloud occurrence and microphysical properties with the large-scale atmospheric state revealed by 6 years of con-tinuous ground-based cloud radar data . J. Climate . 19 ( 13 ), 3257 3278 .
  23. Murphy , D. M. and Koop , T . 2005 . Review of the vapor pressures of ice and supercooled water for atmospheric applications . Quart. J. Royal Met. Soc . 131 , 1539 1565 .
  24. Nakamura , M. and Plumb , R. A . 1994 . The effects of flow asymmetry on the direction of Rossby wave breaking . J. Atmos. Sci . 51 , 2031 2045 .
  25. Peter , T. , Marcolli , C. , Spichtinger , P. , Corti , T. , Baker , M. B. and co-authors . 2006. When dry air is too humid . Science 314 ( 5804 ), 1399-1402 .
  26. Peters , D. and Waugh , D. W . 1996 . Influence of barotropic shear on the poleward advection of upper-tropospheric air . J. Atmos. Sci . 53 , 3013 3031 .
  27. Randel , W. J. and Stanford , J. L . 1985 . The observed life cycle of a baro-clinic instability . J. Atmos. Sci . 42 ( 13 ), 1364 1373 , 10.1175/1520-0469 .
  28. Sassen , K. and Campbell , J. R . 2001 . A midlatitude cirrus cloud cli-matology from the facility for atmospheric remote sensing. Part I: macrophysical and synoptic properties . J. Atmos. Sci . 58 , 481 496 .
  29. Simmons , A. J. and Hoskins , B. J . 1978 . The life cycles of some nonlinear baroclinic waves . J. Atmos. Sci . 35 , 414 432 .
  30. Simmons , A. J. and Hoskins , B. J . 1980 . Barotropic influences on the growth and decay of nonlinear baroclinic waves . J. Atmos. Sci . 37 , 1679 1684 .
  31. Sonntag , D . 1990 . Important new values of the physical constants of 1986, vapour pressure formulations based on ITS-90, and psychrom-eter formulae . Z. f Meteorologie . 40 ( 5 ), 340 344 .
  32. Spichtinger , P. , Gierens , K. , Leiterer , U. and Dier , H . 2003 . Ice supersat-uration in the tropopause region over Lindenberg, Germany . MeteoroL Z . 12 , 143 156 .
  33. Spichtinger , P. , Gierens , K. and Wernli , H . 2005a. A case study on the formation and evolution of ice supersaturation in the vicinity of a warm conveyor belt’s outflow region. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 5 , 973 987 , SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2005-5-973 .
  34. Spichtinger , P. , Gierens , K. and Dörnbrack , A . 2005b. Formation of ice supersaturation by mesoscale gravity waves. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 5 , 1243 1255 , SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2005-5-973.
  35. Spichtinger , P. and Gierens , K. M . 2009a . Modelling of cirrus clouds. Part la: model description and validation . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 9 , 685 706 .
  36. Spichtinger , P. and Gierens , K. M . 2009b . Modelling of cirrus clouds. Part lb: structuring cirrus clouds by dynamics . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 9 , 707 719 .
  37. Spichtinger , P. and Gierens , K. M . 2009c . Modelling of cirrus clouds. Part 2: competition of different nucleation mechanisms . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 9 , 2319 2334 .
  38. Thorncroft , C. D. , Hoskins , B. J. and McIntyre , M. E . 1993 . Two paradigms of baroclinic-wave life-cycle behavior . Quart. J. R. Met. Soc . 119 , 17 55 .
  39. Tompkins , A. M. , Gierens , K. and Rädel , G . 2007 . Ice supersaturation in the ECMWF integrated forecast system . Quart. J. R. Met. Soc . 133 , 53 63 .
  40. Vali , G . 1985 . Atmospheric ice nucleation—a review . J. Rech. Atmos . 19 , 105 115 .
  41. Vömel H. , David , D. E. and Smith , K . 2007 . Accuracy of tropospheric and stratospheric water vapor measurements by the cryogenic frost point hygrometer: instrumental details and observations . J. Geophys. Res . 112 , D08305 , 10.1029/2006JD007224 .
  42. Wernli , H. and Davies , H. C . 1997 . A Lagrangian-based analysis of extratropical cyclones, I: the method and some applications . Q. J. Roy. MeteoroL Soc . 123 , 467 489 .
  43. WMO . 2006 . Guide to Meteorological instruments and methods of ob-servation, preliminary seventh edition, WMO-Nr. 8 .
  44. Zhang , Y. , Macke , A. and Albers , F . 1999 . Effect of crys-tal size spectrum and crystal shape on stratiform cir-rus radiative forcing . Atmos. Res . 52 , 59 75 , 10.1016/S0169-8095(99)00026-5 .
  45. Zülicke , Ch. and Peters , D . 2007 . Parameterization of strong stratospheric inertia-gravity waves forced by poleward breaking Rossby waves . Mon. Wea. Rev . 136 ( 1 ), 98 119 , 10.1175/2007MWR2060.1 .
Language: English
Page range: 228 - 242
Submitted on: Apr 15, 2009
Accepted on: Jan 14, 2010
Published on: Jan 1, 2010
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2010 Ronald Eixmann, Dieter H.W. Peters, Christoph Zülicke, Michael Gerding, Andreas Dörnbrack, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.