Mesoscale satellite data assimilation: impact of cloud-affected infrared observations on a cloud-free initial model state
References
-
Akella
, S.and Navon, I. M. 2009. Different approaches to model error formulation in 4D-Var: a study with high-resolution advection schemes. Tellus, 112– 128. -
Bauer
, R, Lopez, R, Salmond, D., Benedetti, A., Saarinen, S.and Bonazzola, M. 2006. Implementation of 1D+4D-Var assimilation of precipitation-affected microwave radiances at ECMWF. II: 4-Dvar. Q.J. R. MeteoroL Soc. 132, 2307– 2332. -
Benedetti
, A.and Janiskovi, M. 2008. Assimilation of MODIS cloud optical depths in the ECMWF model. Mon. Wea. Rev. 136, 1727– 1746. -
Benjamin
, S. G., Devenyi, D., Weygandt, S. S., Brundage, K. J., Brown, J. M.and co-authors. 2004. An hourly forecast assimilation cycle: the RUC.. 132, 495– 518. -
Bryant
, F. D.and Latimer, P. 1969. Optical efficiencies of large particles of arbitrary shape and orientation. J. Colloid Inter Sci. 30, 291– 304. -
Carey
, L. D., Niu, J., Yang, P., Kanlciewicz, J. A., Larson, V. E.and Vonder Haar, T. H. 2008. The vertical profile of liquid and ice water content in mid-latitude, mixed-phase altocumulus clouds. J. AppL MeteoroL Clim. 47, 2487– 2495. -
Coakley
, J. A.and Bretherton, F. P. 1982. Cloud cover from high-resolution scanner data: detecting and allowing for partially filled fields of view. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 4917– 4932. -
Cohn
, S. E. 1997. An introduction to estimation theory. J. MeteoroL Soc. Jpn. 75, 257– 288. -
Cotton
, W. R., Pielke, Sr., R. A., Walko, R. L., Liston, G. E., Tremback, C. J.and co-authors. 2003. RAMS 2001: current status and future directions. MeteoroL Atmos. Phys. 82, 5– 29. -
Cucurull
, L., Derber, J. C., Treadon, R.and Purser, R. J. 2008. Preliminary impact studies using global positioning system radio occultation profiles at NCEP. Mon. Wea. Rev. 136, 1865– 1877. -
Deblonde
, G.and English, S. 2003. One dimensional variational retrievals from SSMIS simulated observations. J. AppL MeteoroL, 1406– 1420. -
Deblonde
, G., Mahfouf, J.-F., Bilodeau, B.and Anselmo, D. 2007. One-dimensional variational data assimilation of ssmn observations in rainy atmospheres at MSC. Mon. Wea. Rev. 135, 152– 172. -
Deeter
, M.and Evans, K. E. A hybrid Eddington-single scattering radiative transfer model for computing radiances from thermally emitting atmospheres. J. Quant. Spec. Rad. Trans. 60, 635– 648. -
Evans
, K. E. The spherical harmonics discrete ordinate method for three-dimensional atmospheric radiative transfer. J. Atmos. Sci. 55, 429– 446. -
Fan
, X.and Tilley, J. S. 2005. Dynamic assimilation of MODIS-retrieved humidity profiles within a regional model for high-latitude forecast applications. Mon. Wea. Rev. 133, 3450– 3480. -
Fleishauer
, R. P., Larson, V. E.and Vonder Haar, T. H. 2002. Observed microphysical structure of midlevel, mixed-phase clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 59, 1779– 1804. -
Fletcher
, S. J.and Zupanski, M. 2006a. A data assimilation method for log-normally distributed observational errors. Q. J. R. MeteoroL Soc. 132, 2505– 2519. -
Fletcher
, S. J.and Zupanski, M. 2006b. A hybrid multivariate normal and lognormal distribution for data assimilation. Atmos. Sci. Lett. 7, 43– 46. -
Fletcher
, S. J.and Zupanski, M. 2007. Implications and impacts of transforming lognormal variables into normal variables in VAR. MeteoroL Z. 15, 1– 11. -
Garand
, L.and Hallé, J. 1997. Assimilation of clear and cloudy sky upper tropospheric humidity estimates using GOES-8 and GOES-9 data. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech. 14, 1036– 1054. -
Greenwald
, T. J., Hertenstein, R.and Vukiéevié, T. 2002. An all-weather observational operator for satellite radiance assimilation with mesoscale forecast models. Mon. Wea. Rev. 130, 1882– 1897. -
Greenwald
, T. J., Vukiéevié, T., Grasso, L. D.and Vonder Haar, T. H. 2004. Adjoint sensitivity analysis of an observational operator for cloudy visible and infrared radiance assimilation. Q.J. R. MeteoroL Soc. 130, 685– 705. -
Ha
, S.-Y., Kuo, Y.-H., Guo, Y.-R.and Lim, G.-Y. 2003. Variational assimilation of slant-path wet delay measurements from a hypothetical ground-based GPS network. Part I: comparison with precipitable water assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 131, 2635– 2655. -
Harrington
, J. Y. 1997. The Effects of Radiation and Microphysical Processes on Simulated Warm and Transition Season Arctic Stratus. CSU PhD Dissertation, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, 289 pp. -
Hoffman
, R. N., Grassotti, C., Isaacs, R. G., Louis, J. -E and Nehrkorn, T. 1990. Assessment of simulated satellite lidar wind and retrieved 183 GHz water vapour observations on a global data assimilation system. Mon. Wea. Rev. 118, 2513– 2542. -
Illingworth
, A. J., Hogan, R. J., O’Connor, E. J., Bouniol, D., Brooks, M. E.and co-authors. 2007. Cloudnet.. 88, 883– 898. -
Jacobs
, G. A.and Ngodock, H. E. 2003. The maintenance of conservative physical laws within data assimilation systems. Mon. Wea. Rev. 131, 2595– 2607. -
Jones
, A. S.and Vonder Haar, T. H. 2002. A dynamic parallel data-computing environment for cross-sensor satellite data merger and scientific analysis. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech. 19, 1307– 1317. -
Kalnay
, E. 2003. Atmospheric Modeling, Data Assimilation and Predictability. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 341 pp. -
Khairoutdinov
, M. F.and Randall, D. A. 2003. Cloud resolving modeling of the ARM Summer 1997 IOP: model formulation, results, uncertainties, and sensitivities. J. Atmos. Sci. 60, 607– 625. -
Kidder
, S. Q.and Vonder Haar, T. H. 1995. Satellite Meteorology: An Introduction. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 466 pp. -
Lipton
, A. E. 1993. Cloud shading retrieval and assimilation in a satellite-model coupled mesoscale analysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev. 121, 3062– 3081. -
Lipton
, A. E.and Modica, G. D. 1999. Assimilation of visible-band satellite data for mesoscale forecasting in cloudy conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev. 127, 265– 278. -
Marecal
, V.and Mahfouf, J.-F. 2002. Four-dimensional variational assimilation of total column water vapour in rainy areas. Mon. Wea. Rev. 130, 43– 58. -
McMillin
, L. M., Crone, L. J., Goldberg, M. D.and Kleespies, T. J. 1995. Atmospheric transmittance of an absorbing gas, 4. OPTRAN: a computationally fast and accurate transmittance model for absorbing gases with fixed and variable mixing ratios at variable viewing angles. J. AppL Opt. 34, 6269– 6274. -
McNally
, A. P. 2009. The direct assimilation of cloud-affected satellite infrared radiances in the ECMWF 4D-Var. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 135, 1214– 1229. -
McNally
, A. P.and Vesperini, M. 1996. Variational analysis of humidity information from TOVS radiances. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 122, 1521– 1544. -
McNally
, A. P., Derber, J. C., Wu, W.-S.and Katz, B. B. 2000. The use of TOVS level-1B radiances in the NCEP SSI analysis system. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 126, 689– 724. -
Menzel
, W. P.and Purdom, J. F. W. 1994. Introducing GOES-I: the first of a new generation of geostationary operational environmental satellites. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 75, 757– 781. -
Meyers
, M. P., Walko, R. L., Harrington, J. Y.and Cotton, W. R. 1997. New RAMS cloud microphysics parameterization. Part II: the two-moment scheme. Atmos. Res. 45, 3– 39. -
Mielke
, P. W., Williams, J. S.and Wu, S.-C. 1977. Covariance analysis techniques based upon bivariate lognormal distribution with weather modification applications. J. AppL Meteorol. 16, 183– 187. -
Miles
, N. L., Verlinde, J.and Clothiaux, E. E. 2000. Cloud droplet size distribution in low-level stratiform clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 57, 295– 311. -
Molkov
, I.and Schlesinger, M. E. 1993. Analysis of global cloudiness, part I: comparison of METEOR, Nimbus-7 and ISCCP satellite data. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 12849– 12868. -
Moreau
, E., Lopez, P., Bauer, P., Tompkins, A. M., Janisková., M.and co-authors. 2004. Variational retrieval of temperature and humidity profiles using rain rates versus microwave brightness temperatures.. 130, 827– 852. -
Nocedal
, J. 1980. Updating quasi-Newton matrices with limited storage. Math. Comp. 35, 773– 782. -
Pielke
, R. A., Cotton, W. R., Walko, R. L., Tremback, C. J., Lyons, W. A.and co-authors. 1992. A comprehensive meteorological modeling system-RAMS.. 49, 69– 91. -
Raymond
, W. H., Wade, G. S.and Zapotocny, T. H. 2004. Assimilating GOES brightness temperatures. Part I: upper-tropospheric moisture. J. AppL Meteorol. 43, 17– 27. -
Rossow
, W. B.and Dueñas, E. N. 2004. The ISCCP web site, an online source for research. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 85, 167– 172. -
Ruggiero
, F. H., Sashegyi, K. D., Lipton, A. E., Madala, R. V.and Raman, S. 1999. Coupled assimilation of geostationary satellite sounder data into a mesoscale model using the bratseth analysis approach. Mon. Wea. Rev. 127, 802– 821. -
Ruston
, B. C.and Vonder Haar, T. H. 2004. Characterization of summertime microwave emissivities from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager over the conterminous United States. J. Geophys. Res. 109, D19103, 10.1029/2004JD004890. -
Seaman
, C. J.and Vonder Haar, T. H. 2003. Observed and Calculated Properties of Mid-level, Mixed-phase Clouds. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 92 pp. -
Sengupta
, M., Clothiaux, E. E.and Ackerman, T. P. 2004. Climatology of warm boundary layer clouds at the ARM SGP site and their comparisons to models. J. Clim. 17, 4760– 4782. -
Shanno
, D. F., 1985. Globally convergent conjugate gradient algorithms. Math. Prog. 33, 61– 67. -
Stunder
, B. J. B. 1997.- FNL Archive Data. TD-6141, National Climatic Data Center. Available online at: http://www.arl.noaa.govifnl.php. -
Tomassini
, M., Kelly, G.and Saunders, R. 1999. Use and impact of satellite atmospheric motion winds on ECMWF analyses and forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev. 127, 971– 986. -
Trémolet
, Y. 2007. Model-error estimation in 4D-Var. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 133, 1267– 1280. -
Tripoli
, G. J.and Cotton, W. R. 1982. The Colorado State University three-dimensional cloud/mesoscale model - 1982. Part I: general theoretical framework and sensitivity experiments. J. Recherches Atmos. 16, 185– 219. -
van Leeuwen
, P. J. 2001. An ensemble smoother with error estimates. Mon. Wea. Rev. 129, 709– 728. -
Vukiéevié
, T., Greenwald, T., Zupanski, M., Zupanski, D., Vonder Haar, T.and co-authors. 2004. Mesoscale cloud state estimation from visible and infrared satellite radiances.. 132, 3066– 3077. -
Vukiéevié
, T.and Paegle, J. 1989. The influence of one-way interacting lateral boundary conditions upon predictability of flow in bounded numerical models. Mon. Wea. Rev. 117, 340– 350. -
Vukiéevié
, T., Sengupta, M., Jones, A. S.and Vonder Haar, T. H. 2006. Cloud resolving satellite data assimilation: information content of IR window observations and uncertainties in estimation. J. Atmos. Sci. 63, 901– 919. -
Walko
, R. L., Band, L. E., Baron, J., Kittel, T. G. F., Lammers, R.and co-authors. 2000. Coupled atmosphere-biophysics-hydrology models for environmental modeling.. 39, 931– 944. -
Walko
, R., Cotton, W. R., Meyers, M. P.and Harrington, J. Y. 1995. New RAMS cloud microphysics parameterization. Part I: the single-moment scheme. Atmos. Res. 38, 29– 62. -
Warren
, S. G., Hahn, C. J., London, J., Chervin, R. M.and Jenne, R. 1986. Global Distribution of Total Cloud Cover and Cloud Type Amount Over Land. NCAR TN-317 STR, 212 pp. -
Warren
, S. G., Hahn, C. J., London, J., Chervin, R. M.and Jenne, R. 1988. Global Distribution of Total Cloud Cover and Cloud Type Amount Over the Ocean. NCAR TN-317 STR, 212 pp. -
Watkinson
, L. R., Lawless, A. S., Nicholls, N. K.and Roulstone, I. 2007. Weak constraints in four-dimensional variational data assimilation. MeteoroL Z. 16, 767– 776. -
Weng
, F., 2007. Advances in radiative transfer modeling in support of satellite data assimilation. J. Atmos. Sci. 64, 3799– 3807. -
Weng
, F., Zhu, T.and Yan, B. 2007. Satellite data assimilation in numerical weather prediction models. Part II: uses of rain-affected radiances from microwave observations for hurricane vortex analysis. J. Atmos. Sci. 64, 3910– 3925. -
Wu
, X., Diak, G. R., Hayden, C. M.and Young, J. A. 1995. Short-range precipitation forecasts using assimilation of simulated satellite water vapour profiles and column cloud liquid water amounts. Mon. Wea. Rev. 123, 347– 365. -
Xie
, Y., Lu, C.and Browning, G. 2002. Impact of formulation of cost function and constraints on three-dimensional variational data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 130, 2433– 2447. -
Yucel
, I., Shuttleworth, W. J., Gao, X.and Sorooshian, S. 2003. Short-term performance of MM5 with cloud-cover assimilation from satellite observations. Mon. Wea. Rev. 131, 1797– 1810. -
Zapotocny
, T. H., Menzel, W. R, Nelson, BI, J. P.and Jung, J. A.. An impact study of five remotely sensed and five in situ data types in the Eta data assimilation system. Wea. Forecast. 17, 263– 285. -
Zupanski
, M. 1993. A preconditioning algorithm for large-scale minimization problems. Tellus, 478– 492. -
Zupanski
, M. 1996. A preconditioning algorithm for four-dimensional variational data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 124, 2562– 2573. -
Zupanski
, D. 1997. A general weak constraint applicable to operational 4DVAR data assimilation systems. Mon. Wea. Rev. 125, 2274– 2292. -
Zupanski
, M., Zupanski, D., Parrish, D., Rogers, E.and DiMego, D. 2002. Four-dimensional variational data assimilation for the blizzard of 2000. Mon. Wea. Rev. 130, 1967– 1988. -
Zupanski
, M., Zupanski, D., Vukiéevié, T., Eis, K.and Vonder Haar, T. 2005. CIRA/CSU four-dimensional variational data assimilation system. Mon. Wea. Rev. 133, 829– 843.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0870.2009.00436.x | Journal eISSN: 3035-9554
Language: English
Page range: 298 - 318
Submitted on: Jul 24, 2009
Accepted on: Jan 14, 2009
Published on: Jan 1, 2010
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 2010 Curtis J. Seaman, Manajit Sengupta, Thomas H. Vonder Haar, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.