Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Convection in Lorenz’s global energy cycle with the ECMWF model Cover

Convection in Lorenz’s global energy cycle with the ECMWF model

Open Access
|Jan 2008

References

  1. Arakawa , A. 2004 . The cumulus parametrization problem: past, present, and future . J. Climate 17 , 2493 2525 .
  2. Arpe , K. , Branlcovic , C. , Oriol , E. and Speth , P. 1986 . Variability in time and space of energetics from a long series of atmospheric data produced by ECMWF . Beitr Phys. Atmos . 59 , 321 355 .
  3. Bhatla , R. , Mohanty , U. , Raju , P. and Madan , O. 2004 . A study on dy-namic and thermodynamic aspects of breaks in the summer monsoon over India. Int. J. Climatol . 24 , 341 - 360 .
  4. Boer , G. J. 1975 . Zonal and eddy forms of the available potential energy equations in pressure coordinates. Tellus 27 , 433 - 443 .
  5. Boer , G. J. and Lambert , S . 2008 . The energy cycle in atmospheric models. Clim. Dyn . 30 , 371 - 390 .
  6. ECMWF ECMWF 2000 . IFS documentation (CY31r1). ECMWF , http://www.ecmwf.int/research/ifsdocs/CY31r1/index.html .
  7. Falk , G. and Ruppel , W. 1976 . Energie und Entropie. Eine Einfiihrung in die The rmodynamik , Springer , Berlin - Heidelberg - New York , 408 .
  8. Fortelius , C. 1995 . Inferring the diabatic heat and moisture forc-ing of the atmosphere from assimilated data . J. Climate 8 , 224 239 .
  9. Gill , A. E. 1982 . Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics , Volume 30 : International Geophysics Series, Academic Press , Orlando, Florida 662 .
  10. Haimberger , L. and Hantel , M. 2000 . Implementing convection into Lorenz’s global cycle. Part II: a new estimate of the conversion rate into kinetic energy . Tellus 52A , 75 92 .
  11. Hamelberger , F. , Haimberger , L. and Hantel , M. 2001 . Convection in PIDCAP. Part I: Evaluating LAM convection . MeteoroL Atmos. Phys . 77 , 85 98 .
  12. Hantel , M. and Baader , H. R. 1978 . Diabatic heating climatology of the zonal atmosphere . J. Atmos. Sci . 35 , 1180 1189 .
  13. Hantel , M. and Haimberger , L. 2000 . Implementing convection into Lorenz’s global cycle. Part I: gridscale averaging of the energy equa-tions . Tellus 52A , 66 74 .
  14. Hantel , M. , Ehrendorfer , M. and Haimberger , L. 1993 . A thermodynamic diagnostic model for the atmosphere. Part the general theory and its consequences . MeteoroL Z., N.E 2 , 255 271 .
  15. Hantel , M. , Haimberger , L. and Hamelbeck , F. 2001 . Convection in PIDCAP Part DIAMOD-a standard for diagnosing convective quantities . MeteoroL Atmos. Phys . 77 , 185 204 .
  16. Hortal , M. 2002 . The development and testing of a new two-time-level semi-Lagrangian scheme (SETTLS) in the ECMWF forecast model . Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc . 128 , 1671 1687 .
  17. Hoskins , B. J. , Hsu , H. H. , James , I. N. , Masutani , M. , Sardeshmulch , P. D. and co-authors. 1989 . Diagnostics of the global atmospheric circulation , WCRP-27. WMO, 217.
  18. Johnson , D. 2000 . Entropy, the Lorenz Energy Cycle, and Climate. In: General Circulation Model Development. Past, Present, and Future, (ed. D. Randall ), Volume 70: International Geophysics Series, Chapter 22,659-720. Academic Press, San Diego, California; London.
  19. Kalnay , E. , Kanamitsu , M. , Kistler , R. , Collins , W. , Deaven , D. , and co-authors. 1996 . The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer MeteoroL Soc. 77 , 437 - 471 .
  20. Li , L. , Ingersoll , A. R , Jiang , X. , Feldman , D. and Yung , Y. L. 2007 . Lorenz energy cycle of the global atmosphere based on reanalysis datasets . Geophys. Res. Lett . 34 , L16813 .
  21. Lorenz , E. N. 1955 . Available potential energy and the maintenance of the general circulation . Tellus 7 , 157 167 .
  22. Lorenz , E. N. 1967 . The Nature and Theory of the General Circulation of the Atmosphere , WMO-No.218.TP.115. World Meteorological Or-ganization , 161 .
  23. Newell , R. E. , Vincent , D. G. , Dopplick , T. G. , Ferruzza , D. and Kidson , J. W. 1970 . The energy balance of the global atmosphere . In: The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere (ed. G. A. Corby ). Roy. Met. Soc ., London , 42 90 .
  24. Oort , A. H. 1964 . On estimates of the atmospheric energy cycle . Mon. Wea. Rev . 92 , 483 493 .
  25. Oort , A. H. 1983 . Global Atmospheric Circulation Statistics, 1958-1973 , Volume 14 : NOAA Professional Paper. U.S. Department of Commerce/NOAA , 180 .
  26. Oort , A. H. and PeixOto , J. P. 1983 . Global angular momentum and energy balance requirements from observations . Adv. Geophys 25 , 355 490 .
  27. Oort , A. H. and Rasmusson , E. M. 1971 . Atmospheric Circulation Statis-tics , Volume 5: NOAA Professional Paper. U.S. Department of Com-merce/NOAA , 323 .
  28. Peixóto , J. P. and Oort , A. H. 1992 . Physics of Climate , American Institute of Physics, New York, 520.
  29. Ritchie , H. , Temperton , C. , Simmons , A. , Hortal , M. , Davies , T. , and co-authors . 1995 . Implementation of the semi-Lagrangian method in a high-resolution version of the ECMWF forecast model. Mon. Wea. Rev . 123 , 489 - 514 .
  30. Rosen , R. D. 1999 . The global energy cycle. In: Global Energy and Water Cycles (eds K. A. Browning and R. J. Gurney ). Chapter 1.1 , Cambridge University Press , Cambridge , 1 - 9 .
  31. Siegmund , P. 1994 . The generation of available potential energy, accord-ing to Lorenz’ exact and approximate equations . Tellus 46A , 566 582 .
  32. Simmons , A. J. and Burridge , D. M. 1981 . An energy and angular-momentum conserving vertical finite-difference scheme and hybrid vertical coordinates . Mon. Wea. Rev . 109 , 758 766 .
  33. Stull , R. B. 1988 . An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorol-ogy . Atmospheric Sciences Library. Kluwer Academic Publishers , Dordrecht , 666 .
  34. Uppala , S. M. , Milberg , P. W. , Simmons , A. J. , Andrae , U., da Costa Bechtold , V. , and co-authors . 2005. The ERA-40 re-analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc . 131 , 2961 - 3012 .
  35. van Mieghem , J. 1973 . Atmospheric Energetics, Oxford Monogr . on Meteorology. Clarendon Press , Oxford , 306 .
  36. Yanai , M. and Johnson , R. H. 1993 . Impacts of cumulus convection on thermodynamic fields. In: The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models (eds K. A. Emanuel and D. J. Raymond ). Volume 24: Meteorological Monographs, American Meteorological Society, Boston, Massachusetts, 39 - 62 .
Language: English
Page range: 1001 - 1022
Submitted on: Nov 19, 2007
Accepted on: May 14, 2008
Published on: Jan 1, 2008
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2008 Martin Steinheimer, Michael Hantel, Peter Bechtold, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.