Validating and understanding the ENSO simulation in two coupled climate models

Vasubandhu Misra; Larry Marx; James L. Kinter III; Ben P. Kirtman; Zhichang Guo; Dughong Min; Mike Fennessy; Paul A. Dirmeyer; Rameshan Kallummal; David M. Straus

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2007.00231.x

Validating and understanding the ENSO simulation in two coupled climate models

Volume 59 (2007): Issue 3

By: Vasubandhu Misra, Larry Marx, James L. Kinter III, Ben P. Kirtman, Zhichang Guo, Dughong Min, Mike Fennessy, Paul A. Dirmeyer, Rameshan Kallummal and David M. Straus

Open Access

|Jan 2007

An , S.-I. and Wang , B. 2000 . Interdecadal change of the structure of the ENSO mode and its impact on the ENSO frequency . J. Climate 13 , 2044 – 2055 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
An , S.-I. and Jin , F.-F. 2001 . Collective role of thermocline and zonal advective feedbacks in the ENSO mode . J. Climate 14 , 3421 – 3432 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Alexander , M. A. , Blade , I. , Newmann , M. , Lazante , J. R. , Lau , N.-C. and co-authors . 2002. The atmospheric bridge: the influence of enso teleconnections on air-sea interaction over the global oceans. J. Climate 15 , 2205-223 1 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bacmeister , J. T. , Pegion , P. J. , Schubert , S. D. and Suarez , M. J. 2000 . An atlas of seasonal means simulated by the NSIPP-1 atmospheric GCM. 17, NASA Tech. Memo-2000-104606, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (194 pp).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bohren , C. F. and Albrecht , B. A. 1998 . Atmospheric Thermodynamics . Oxford University Press , New York , 402 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bjerknes , J. 1969 . Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. Mon. Wea. Re v . 97 , 820 – 829 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Briegleb , B. P. 1992 . Delta-Eddington approximation for solar radiation in the NCAR Community Climate Model . J. Geophys. Res . 97 , 7603 – 7612 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Capotondi , A. , Wittenberg , A. and Masina , S. 2006 . Spatial and temporal structure of Tropical Pacific interannual variability in 20th century coupled simulations . Ocean Modeling , 15 , 274 – 298 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chang , R , Saravanan , R. and Ji , L. 2003 . Tropical Atlantic seasonal predictability: the roles of El Nino remote influence and thermodynamic air-sea feedback . Geophys. Res. Lett . 30 , 1501 – 1504 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chen , W. Y. 2004 . Significant change of extratropical natural variability associated with tropical ENSO anomaly . J. Climate 17 , 2019 – 2030 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Collins , W. D. , Hackney , J. K. and Edwards , D. P. 2002 . An updated parameterzation for infrared emission and absorption by water vapor in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model . J. Geophys. Res . 107 ( D22 ), doi: 10.1029/200/JDO011365,2002 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Covey , C. , Achuta Rao , K. M. , Cubasch , U. , Jones , P. , Lambert , M. E. and co-authors. 2003. An overview of results from the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP). Global Planet. Change 37 , 103 - 133 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dirmeyer , P. A. and Zeng , F. J. 1999 . Precipitation infiltration in the simplified SiB land surface scheme . J. Meteor Soc. Japan 78 , 291 – 303 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
DeWeaver , E. and Nigam , S. 2004 . On the forcing of ENSO teleconnections by anomalous heating and cooling . J. Climate 17 , 3225 – 3235 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Enfield , D. B. and Mayer , D. A. 1997 . Tropical atlantic sea surface temperature variability and its relation to El Niiio southern oscillation . J. Geophys. Res . 102 , 929 – 945 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gent , P. R. and McWilliams , J. C. 1990 . Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models . J. Phys. Oceanography 25 , 150 – 155 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Goddard , L. and Dilley , M. 2005 . El Niiio: Catastrophe or Opportunity . J. Climate 18 , 651 – 665 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gu , D. and Philander , S. G. H. 1995 . Secular changes of annual and interannual variability in the tropics during the past century . J. Climate 8 , 864 – 876 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Guilyiardi , E. 2006 . El Nino mean state-seasonal cycle interactions in a multimodel ensemble . Clim. Dyn ., 26 , 329 – 348 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Harshvardhan , R. , Davies , R. , Randall , D. A. and Corsetti , T. G. 1987 . A fast radiation parameterization for atmospheric circulation models . J. Geophys. Res . 92 ( D1 ), 1009 – 1016 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Holtslag , A. A. M. and Moeng , C.-H. 1991. Ed dy diffusivity and countergradient transport in the convective atmospheric boundary layer . J. Atmos. Sci . 48 , 1690– 1698 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hong , S. Y. and Pan , H. L. 1996 . Nonlocal boundary layer vertical diffusion in a medium range forecast model. Mon. Wea. Re v . 124 , 2322 – 2339 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Horel , J. D. and Wallace , J. M. 1981 . Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Re v . 109 , 813 – 829 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hoskins , B. J. and Karoly , D. J. 1981 . The Steady Linear Response of a Spherical Atmosphere to Thermal and Orographic Forcing . J. Atmos. Sc i . 381179 – 1196 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Huang , B. 2004 . Remotely forced variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean . Clim. Dyn . 23 , 133 – 152 , doi: 10.1007/s00382-004-0043-8 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ineson , S. and Davey , M. K. 1997 . Interannual climate simulation and predictability in a coupled TOGA GCM. Mon. Wea. Re v . 125 , 721 – 741 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
International GEWEX Project Office 2002 . The Second Global Soil Wetness Project Science and Implementation Plan . IGPO Publication Series No . 37 , 69 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jin , F.-F. 1997 . An equatorial recharge paradigm for ENSO. Part I: conceptual model. J. Atmos. Sc i . 54 , 811 – 829 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Joseph , R. and Nigam , S. 2006 . ENSO evolution and teleconnections in IPCC’s 20th century climate simulations: realistic representation? J. Climate 19 , 4360 – 4377 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kalnay , E. , Kanamitsu , M. , Kistler , R. , Collins , W. , Deaven , D. and co-authors. 1996 . The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer Soc . 77 , 437 - 471 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kiehl , J. T. , Hack , J. J. , Bonan , G. , Boville , B. A. , Williamson , D. L. and co-authors. 1998 . The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: CCM3. J. Climate 11 , 1131 - 1149 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kirtman , B. P. 1997 . Oceanic rossby wave dyanmics and the ENSO period in a coupled model . J. Climate 10 , 1690 – 1704 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kirtman , B. P. 2003 . The COLA anomaly coupled model: ensemble ENSO prediction. Mon. Wea. Re v . 131 , 2324 – 2341 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kirtman , B. P. and Shukla , J. 2002 . Interactive coupled ensemble: a new coupling strategy for GCMs . Geophys. Res. Lett . 29 , 1029 – 1032 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kirtman , B. R , Fan , Y. and Schneider , E. K. 2002 . The COLA global coupled and anomaly coupled ocean atmosphere GCM . J. Climate 15 , 2301 – 2320 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Krishnamurthy , V. and Kirtman , B. P. 2003 . Variability of the Indian Ocean: relation to monsoon and ENSO . Quart. J. Roy. Meteor Soc . 129 , 1623 – 1646 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kumar , A. and Hoerling , M. P. 1998 . Annual cycle of Pacific-North American seasonal predictability associated with different phases of ENSO . J. Climate 11 , 3295 – 3308 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Large , W. G. , McWilliams , J. C. and Doney , S. C. 1994 . Oceanic vertical mixing: a review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization . Rev. of Geophys . 32 , 363 – 403 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Latif , M. , Sperber , K. , Arblaster , J. , Braconnot , P. , Chen , D. and co-authors. 2001. ENSIP: The El Nino simulation intercomparison project. Clim. Dyn . 18 , 255 - 272 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lau , N.-C. and Nath , M. J. 1996 . The Role of the “Atmospheric Bridge” in Linking Tropical Pacific ENSO Events to Extratropical SST Anomalies . J. Climate 9 , 2036 – 2057 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Levitus , S. 1982 . Climatological World Atlas of the Ocean . US Govt. printing office . 173 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Marx , L. 2002 . New calculation of saturation specific humidity and saturation vapor pressure in the COLA atmospheric general circulation model. Available from ftp://grads.iges.org/pub/ctrictr_130_text.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mechoso , C. R. , Robertson , A. W. , Barth , N. , Davey , M. K. , Delecluse , P. and co-authors . 1995. The seasonal cycle over the torpical Pacific in coupled Ocean-Atmosphere general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev . 123 , 2825-283 8 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Meehl , G. A. and Arblaster , J. M. 1998 . The Asian-Australian Monsoon and El Nino Oscillation in the NCAR Climate System Model . J. Climate 11 , 1356 – 1385 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mellor , G. L. and Yamada , T. 1982 . Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid processes . Rev. Geophys. Space Phys . 20 , 851 – 875 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Moorthi , S. and Suarez , M. J. 1992 . Relaxed Aralcawa-Schubert. A parameterization of Moist Convection for General Circulation Models. Mon. Wea. Rev . 120 , 978 - 1002 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Meinen , C. S. and McPhaden , M. J. 2000 . Observations of warm water volume changes in the equatorial Pacific and their relationship to El Nino and La Nina . J. Climate 13 , 3551 – 3559 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Neelin , J. D. , Latif , M. , Allaart , M. A. F. , Cane , M. A. , Cubasch , U. and co-authors. 1992 . Tropical air-sea interaction in general circulation models. Clim. Dyn . 7 , 73 - 104 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nigam , S. , Chung , C. and DeWeaver , E. 2000 . ENSO diabatic heating in ECMWF and NCEP-NCAR reanalyses and NCAR CCM3 simulation . J. Climate 13 , 3152 – 3171 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nigam , S. and Chung , C. 2000 . ENSO surface winds in CCM3 simulations: diagnosis of errors . J. Climate 13 , 3172 – 3186 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pacanowski , R. C. and Griffies , S. M. 1998 . MOM3.0 manual, NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA 08542.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Philander , S. G. H. 1983 . El Nino-Southern Oscillation phenomena . Nature 302 , 295 – 301 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Philander , S. G. H. 1990 . El Niiio, La Nina and the Southern Oscillation . Academic Press , San Diego , USA , pp. 293 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Philander , S. G. H. 2001 . El Nilio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Models. In: Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences (eds J. H. Steele , S. A. Thorpe , and K. K. Thurelcian ), Academic Press , London .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rao , K. A. and Sperber , K. 2006 . ENSO simulation in coupled ocean-atmosphere models: are the current models better? Clim. Dyn . 27 , 1 – 15 , doi: 10.1007/s00382-006-0119-7 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rasmusson , E. M. and Carpenter , T. H. 1982 . Variations in Tropical Sea Surface Temperature and Surface Wind Fields Associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Nino. Mon. Wea. Re v . 110 , 354 – 384 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rayner , N. A. , Parker , D. E. , Horton , E. B. , Folland , C. K. , Alexander , L. V. and co-authors. 2002. Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J. Geophys. Res . 108 , doi: 10.1029/2002JDO02670 .
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Redi , M. H. 1982 . Oceanic isopchynal mixing by coordinate rotation . J. Phys. Oceanography 11 , 1443 – 1451 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ropelewski , C. F. and Halpert , M. S. 1987 . Global and Regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Re v . 115 , 1606 – 1626 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rosati , A. , Gudgel , R. and Miyakoda , K. 1997 . The impact of ocean initial conditions on ENSO forecasting with a coupled model. Mon. Wea. Re v . 125 , 754 – 772 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schneider , E. K. 2002 . Understanding differences between the Equatorial Pacific as simulated by two coupled GCMs . J. Climate 15 , 449 – 469 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Smagorinsky , J. 1963 . General circulation experiments with the primitive equations: I. The basic experiment. Mon. Wea. Re v . 91 , 99 – 164 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Straus , D. and Shukla , J. 2000 . Distinguishing between the SST-forced variability and internal variability in midlatitudes: analysis of observations and GCM simulations . Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc . 126 , 2323 – 2350 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Suarez , M. J. and Schopf , P. S. 1988 . A delayed action oscillator for ENSO. J. Atmos. Sc i . 45 , 549 – 566 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tiedtke , M. 1984 . The effect of penetrative cumulus convection on the large-scale flow in a general circulation model . Beitr Phys. Atmos . 57 , 216 – 239 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Timmermann , A., 1999 . Detecting the nonstationary response of ENSO to greenhouse warming. J. Atm. Sc i . 56 , 2313 – 2325 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Trenberth , K. E. , Branstator , G. W. , Karoly , D. , Kumar , A. , Lau , N.-C. , and co-authors. 1998 . Progress during TOGA in understanding and modelling global teleconnections associated with tropical sea surface temperatures. J. Geophys. Res . 103 , 14291 - 12324 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Troen , I. and Mahrt , L. 1986 . A simple model of the atmospheric boundary layer. Sensitivity to surface evaporation . Bound Layer Meteor 37 , 129 – 148 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tziperman , E. , Zebiak , S. E. and Cane , M. A. 1997 . Mechanisms of seasonal-ENSO interactions. J. Atmos. Sc i . 54 , 61 – 71 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
van Oldenborgh , G. J. , Philip , S. and Collins , M. 2005 . El Nino in a changing climate: a multimodel study . Ocean Sc i . 1 , 81 – 95 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wang , B. 1995 . Interdecadal changes in El Niiio onset in the last four decades . J. Climate 8 , 267 – 285 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wu , R. , Kirtman , B. P. and Pegion , K. 2006 . Local Air-sea relationship in observations and model simulations . J. Climate , 19 , 4914 – 4932 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Xie , P. and Arkin , P. 1996 . Analysis of global monthly precipitation using guage observations, satellite estimates and numerical model predictions . J. Climate 9 , 840 – 858 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Xue , Y.-K. , Sellers , P. J. , Kinter , J. L. and Shukla , J. 1991 . A simplified biosphere model for global climate studies. J. Climate 4 , 345 - 364 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Xue , Y.-K. , Zeng , F. J. and Schlosser , C. A. 1996 . SSiB and its sensitivity to soil properties. A case study using HAPEX-Mobilhy data. Global Planetary Change 13 , 183 - 194 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yang , X. Q. and Anderson , J. L. 2000. Correction of systematic errors in coupled GCM forecasts. J. Climate 13 , 2072-208 5 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zelle , H. , Appeldoorn , G. , Burgers , G. and van Oldenborgh , G. J. 2004 . The relationship between sea surface temperature and thermocline depth in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanography 34 , 643 - 655 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0870.2007.00231.x | Journal eISSN: 3035-9554

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 292 - 308

Submitted on: Jul 29, 2006

Accepted on: Jan 19, 2007

Published on: Jan 1, 2007

Published by: Stockholm University Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2007 Vasubandhu Misra, Larry Marx, James L. Kinter III, Ben P. Kirtman, Zhichang Guo, Dughong Min, Mike Fennessy, Paul A. Dirmeyer, Rameshan Kallummal, David M. Straus, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 59 (2007): Issue 3