
Analysis of the temporal variability of CO2, CH4 and CO concentrations at Lamto, West Africa
References
- Abbadie, L. , Gignoux, J. , and Lepage, M. 2006. Lamto: Structure, Functioning, and Dynamics of a Savanna Ecosystem . Springer Science & Business Media , New York.
- Ago, E. E. 2016. Dynamique Des Flux De Carbone Entre L’atmosphère Et Des Ecosystèmes Ouest-Africains : cas Des Forêts Et Savanes Sous Climat Soudanien au Bénin . Université de Liège Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech (ULg), Liège.
- Ago, E. E. , Agbossou, E. K. , Ozer, P. and Aubinet, M. 2016. Mesure des flux de CO2 et séquestration de carbone dans les écosystèmes terrestres ouest-africains (synthèse bibliographique). Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 20 , 15.
- Andela, N. and van der Werf, G. R. 2014. Recent trends in African fires driven by cropland expansion and El Niño to La Niña transition. Nat. Clim. Change 4 , 791–795. doi:10.1038/nclimate2313
- Aryee, J. N. A. , Amekudzi, L. K. , Preko, K. , Atiah, W. A. and Danuor, S. K. 2020. Estimation of planetary boundary layer height from radiosonde profiles over West Africa during the AMMA field campaign: Intercomparison of different methods. Sci. Afr. 7 , e00228.
- Bakwin, P. S. , Tans, P. P. , Hurst, D. F. and Zhao, C. 1998. Measurements of carbon dioxide on very tall towers: Results of the NOAA/CMDL program. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 50 , 401–415. v50i5.16216. doi:10.3402/tellusb.v50i5.16216
- Barker, P. A. , Allen, G. , Bannan, T. , Mehra, A. , Bower, K. N. and co-authors. 2020. Airborne measurements of fire emission factors for African biomass burning sampled during the MOYA Campaign. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 20 , 15443–15459. doi:10.5194/acp-20-15443-2020
- Berchet, A. , Pison, I. , Chevallier, F. , Paris, J.-D. , Bousquet, P. and co-authors. 2015. Natural and anthropogenic methane fluxes in Eurasia: a mesoscale quantification by generalized atmospheric inversion. Biogeosciences 12 , 5393–5414. doi:10.5194/bg-12-5393-2015
- Bergamaschi, P. , Lubina, C. , Königstedt, R. , Fischer, H. , Veltkamp, A. C. and co-authors. 1998. Stable isotopic signatures (δ13C, δD) of methane from European landfill sites. J. Geophys. Res. 103 , 8251–8265. doi:10.1029/98JD00105
- Bombelli, A. , Henry, M. , Castaldi, S. , Adu-Bredu, S. , Arneth, A. and co-authors. 2009. An outlook on the Sub-Saharan Africa carbon balance. Biogeosciences 6 , 2193–2205. doi:10.5194/bg-6-2193-2009
- Bonsang, B. , Boissard, C. , Le Cloarec, M. F. , Rudolph, J. and Lacaux, J. P. 1995. Methane, carbon monoxide and light non-methane hydrocarbon emissions from African savanna burnings during the FOS/DECAFE experiment. J. Atmos. Chem. 22 , 149–162. doi:10.1007/BF00708186
-
Bonsang, B.
,
Lambert, G.
, and
Boissard, C. C.
1991.
Light hydrocarbon emissions from African savanna burnings . In: Biomass Burning and Global Change (ed. J. S. Levine). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. - CEDEAO-CSAO/OCDE (Atlas de l’intégration Régionale en Afrique de l’ouest). 2008. Le climat et les changements climatiques, série environnement, 2008. https://www.oecd.org/fr/csao/publications/40121057.pdf
- Chen, H. , Winderlich, J. , Gerbig, C. , Hoefer, A. , Rella, C. W. and co-authors. 2010. High-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 3 , 375–386. doi:10.5194/amt-3-375-2010
- Chevallier, F. , Palmer, P. I. , Feng, L. , Boesch, H. , O'Dell, C. W. and co-authors. 2014. Toward robust and consistent regional CO2 flux estimates from in situ and space borne measurements of atmospheric CO2 . Geophys. Res. Lett. 41 , 1065–1070. doi:10.1002/2013GL058772
- Christian, T. J. 2003. Comprehensive laboratory measurements of biomass-burning emissions: 1. Emissions from Indonesian, African, and other fuels. J. Geophys. Res 108 , 4719. doi:10.1029/2003JD003704
- Ciais, P. , Rayner, P. , Chevallier, F. , Bousquet, P. , Logan, M. and co-authors. 2010. Atmospheric Inversions for Estimating CO2 Fluxes: methods and Perspectives ( M. Jonas , Z. Nahorski , S. Nilsson , and T. Whiter , eds.). Springer , Netherlands, Dordrecht.
- Cofer, W. R. , Levine, J. S. , Winstead, E. L. and Stocks, B. J. 1990. Gaseous emissions from Canadian boreal forest fires. Atmos. Environ. Part A. 24 , 1653–1659. doi:10.1016/0960-1686(90)90499-D
- Conil, S. , Helle, J. , Langrene, L. , Laurent, O. , Delmotte, M. and co-authors. 2019. Continuous atmospheric CO2, CH4 and CO measurements at the Observatoire Pérenne de l’Environnement (OPE) station in France from 2011 to 2018. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 12 , 6361–6383. doi:10.5194/amt-12-6361-2019
- Crosson, E. R. 2008. A cavity ring-down analyzer for measuring atmospheric levels of methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. Appl. Phys. B. 92 , 403–408. doi:10.1007/s00340-008-3135-y
- Crutzen, P. J. , Delany, A. C. , Greenberg, J. , Haagenson, P. , Heidt, L. and co-authors. 1985. Tropospheric chemical composition measurements in Brazil during the dry season. J. Atmos. Chem. 2 , 233–256. doi:10.1007/BF00051075
- Denjean, C. , Bourrianne, T. , Burnet, F. , Mallet, M. , Maury, N. and co-authors. 2020. Overview of aerosol optical properties over southern West Africa from DACCIWA aircraft measurements. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 20 , 4735–4756. doi:10.5194/acp-20-4735-2020
- Diawara, A. , Yoroba, F. , Kouadio, K. Y. , Kouassi, K. B. , Assamoi, E. M. and co-authors. 2014. Climate variability in the sudano-guinean transition area and its impact on vegetation: The case of the Lamto region in Côte D’Ivoire. Adv. Meteorol. 2014 , 1–11. doi:10.1155/2014/831414
- Dlugokencky, E. D. and Tans, P. 2020. Recent Global CO2. www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/.
- Dlugokencky, E. J. , Steele, L. P. , Lang, P. M. and Masarie, K. A. 1994. The growth rate and distribution of atmospheric methane. J. Geophys. Res. 99 , 17021. doi:10.1029/94JD01245
- Draxler, R. R. and Rolph, G. D. 2003. HySPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model Access via NOAA ARLREADY Website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html). NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD.
- Duren, R. M. and Miller, C. E. 2012. Measuring the carbon emissions of megacities. Nature Clim. Change 2 , 560–562. doi:10.1038/nclimate1629
- Fang, S. , Tans, P. P. , Yao, B. , Luan, T. , Wu, Y. and co-authors. 2017. Study of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 at Longfengshan WMO/GAW regional station: The variations, trends, influence of local sources/sinks, and transport. Sci. China Earth Sci. 60 , 1886–1895. doi:10.1007/s11430-016-9066-3
- Fang, S. X. , Tans, P. P. , Steinbacher, M. , Zhou, L. X. and Luan, T. 2015. Comparison of the regional CO2 mole fraction filtering approaches at a WMO/GAW regional station in China. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 8 , 5301–5313. doi:10.5194/amt-8-5301-2015
-
FAO.
2011.
Situation des forêts du monde . Organisation Des Nations Unies Pour L’alimentation Et L’agriculture. Année Internationale Des Forêts : Rome, Italie. http://www.fao.org/3/i2000f/i2000f00.pdf - Fernández-Duque, B. , Pérez, I. A. , Sánchez, M. L. , García, M. Á. and Pardo, N. 2017. Temporal patterns of CO2 and CH4 in a rural area in northern Spain described by a harmonic equation over 2010–2016. Sci. Total Environ. 593–594 , 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.132
- Fomba, K. W. , Müller, K. , van Pinxteren, D. , Poulain, L. , van Pinxteren, M. and co-authors. 2014. Long-term chemical characterization of tropical and marine aerosols at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) from 2007 to 2011. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 14 , 8883–8904. doi:10.5194/acp-14-8883-2014
- GIEC. 2014. Changement Climatique 2014: rapport De Synthèse. Contribution Des Groupes De Travail I, II Et III au Cinquième Rapport D'évaluation du Groupe D'experts Intergouvernemental Sur L'évolution du Climat [Sous la Direction De L’équipe De Rédaction Principale ( R.K. Pachauri , L.A. Meyer, eds.) . GIEC, Genève, Suisse, pp. 161.
- Goudie, A. S. and Middleton, N. J. 2001. Saharan dust storms: nature and consequences. Earth. Sci. Rev. 56 , 179–204. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(01)00067-8
- Grant, A. , Witham, C. S. , Simmonds, P. G. , Manning, A. J. and O'Doherty, S. 2010. A 15-year record of high-frequency, in situ measurements of hydrogen at Mace Head, Ireland. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10 , 1203–1214. doi:10.5194/acp-10-1203-2010
- Greenberg, J. P. , Zimmerman, P. R. , Heidt, L. and Pollock, W. 1984. Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions from biomass burning in Brazil. J. Geophys. Res. 89 , 1350. doi:10.1029/JD089iD01p01350
- Guérette, E.-A. , Paton-Walsh, C. , Desservettaz, M. , Smith, T. E. L. , Volkova, L. and co-authors. 2018. Emissions of trace gases from Australian temperate forest fires: emission factors and dependence on modified combustion efficiency. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 18 , 3717–3735. doi:10.5194/acp-18-3717-2018
- Harris, J. M. , Dlugokencky, E. J. , Oltmans, S. J. , Tans, P. P. , Conway, T. J. and co-authors. 2000. An interpretation of trace gas correlations during Barrow, Alaska, winter dark periods, 1986-1997. J. Geophys. Res. 105 , 17267–17278. doi:10.1029/2000JD900167
- Henne, S. , Klausen, J. , Junkermann, W. , Kariuki, J. M. , Aseyo, J. O. and co-authors. 2008. Representativeness and climatology of carbon monoxide and ozone at the global GAW station Mt. Kenya in equatorial Africa. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8 , 3119–3139. doi:10.5194/acp-8-3119-2008
- Hurst, D. F. , Griffith, D. W. T. , Carras, J. N. , Williams, D. J. and Fraser, P. J. 1994. Measurements of trace gases emitted by Australian savanna fires during the 1990 dry season. J. Atmos. Chem. 18 , 33–56. doi:10.1007/BF00694373
- Jonquières, I. , Marenco, A. , Maalej, A. and Rohrer, F. 1998. Study of ozone formation and transatlantic transport from biomass burning emissions over West Africa during the airborne Tropospheric Ozone Campaigns TROPOZ I and TROPOZ II. J. Geophys. Res. 103 , 19059–19073. doi:10.1029/98JD00819
- Karimou, B. M. , Ambouta, K. , Sarr, B. and Tychon, B. 2015. Analyse des Phénomènes Climatiques Extrêmes Dans le sud-est du Niger. XXVIIIe Colloque de l’Association Internationale de Climatologie, Liège. pp. 537–542.
- Kaufman, Y. J. , Setzer, A. , Ward, D. , Tanre, D. , Holben, B. N. and co-authors. 1992. Biomass burning airborne and spaceborne experiment in the Amazonas (BASE-A). J. Geophys. Res. 97 , 14581. doi:10.1029/92JD00275
- Kocha, C. 2011. Interactions Entre Poussières Désertiques Et Convection Profonde En Afrique De L’Ouest : Observations Et Modélisation à Echelle Convective Météorologie . Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, France.
- Koppmann, R. , von Czapiewski, K. and Reid, J. S. 2005. A review of biomass burning emissions, part I: gaseous emissions of carbon monoxide, methane, volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen containing compounds. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 5 , 10455–10516. doi:10.5194/acpd-5-10455-2005
- Kouassi, K. , Wognin, A. , Gnagne, T. , N’Go, Y. , Courivaud, J.-R. and co-authors. 2008. Caractérisation des sables et morphologie du fond du lac du barrage hydroélectrique de Taabo (Côte d’Ivoire). Sci. Nat. 4 , 93–103. v4i1.42134.
- Kozlova, E. A. and Manning, A. C. 2009. Methodology and calibration for continuous measurements of biogeochemical trace gas and O2 concentrations from a 300-m tall tower in central Siberia. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 2 , 205–220.. doi:10.5194/amt-2-205-2009
- Lacaux, J. P. , Brustet, J. M. , Delmas, R. , Menaut, J. C. , Abbadie, L. and co-authors. 1995. Biomass burning in the tropical savannas of Ivory Coast: An overview of the field experiment Fire of Savannas (FOS/DECAFE 91). J. Atmos. Chem. 22 , 195–216. doi:10.1007/BF00708189
- Langenfelds, R. L. , Francey, R. J. , Pak, B. C. , Steele, L. P. , Lloyd, J. and co-authors. 2002. Interannual growth rate variations of atmospheric CO2 and its δ13C, H2, CH4, and CO between 1992 and 1999 linked to biomass burning: Multispecies interannual variability. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 16 , 21–1–1048.
- Levin, I. , Ciais, P. , Langenfelds, R. , Schmidt, M. , Ramonet, M. and co-authors. 2002. Three years of trace gas observations over the EuroSiberian domain derived from aircraft sampling — A concerted action. Tellus B: Chem. Phys. Meteorol. 54 , 696–712.
- Liebmann, B. , Dole, R. M. , Jones, C. , Bladé, I. and Allured, D. 2010. Influence of choice of time period on global surface temperature trend estimates. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. 91 , 1485–1492. doi:10.1175/2010BAMS3030.1
- Lin, X. , Indira, N. K. , Ramonet, M. , Delmotte, M. , Ciais, P. and co-authors. 2015. Long-lived atmospheric trace gases measurements in flask samples from three stations in India. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15 , 9819–9849. doi:10.5194/acp-15-9819-2015
- Mahalakshmi, D. V. , Badarinath, K. V. S. and Naidu, C. V. 2011. Influence of boundary layer dynamics on pollutant concentrations over urban region – A study using ground based measurements. Indian J. Radio Space Phys. 40 , 147–152.
- Mai, B. , Deng, X. , Zhang, F. , He, H. , Luan, T. and co-authors. 2020. Background characteristics of atmospheric CO2 and the potential source regions in the Pearl River Delta Region of China. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 37 , 557–568. doi:10.1007/s00376-020-9238-z
- Marnas, F. 2009. Mesure du dioxyde de carbone (CO2) atmosphérique par Lidar Dial : Préparation d’une future mission spatiale. Thèse de doctorat. Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL)/Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Paris, pp. 199.
- McNorton, J. , Chipperfield, M. P. , Gloor, M. , Wilson, C. , Feng, W. and co-authors. 2016. Role of OH variability in the stalling of the global atmospheric CH4 growth rate from 1999 to 2006. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 16 , 7943–7956. doi:10.5194/acp-16-7943-2016
- Merbold, L. , Ardö, J. , Arneth, A. , Scholes, R. J. , Nouvellon, Y. and co-authors. 2009. Precipitation as driver of carbon fluxes in 11 African ecosystems. Biogeosciences 6 , 1027–1041. doi:10.5194/bg-6-1027-2009
- Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E. , Tans, P. P. , Bruhwiler, L. M. , Miller, J. B. and Heimann, M. 2004. CH4 sources estimated from atmospheric observations of CH4 and its 13C/12C isotopic ratios: 2. Inverse modeling of CH4 fluxes from geographical regions. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 18, 1–15.
- Murayama, S. , Saigusa, N. , Chan, D. , Yamamoto, S. , Kondo, H. and co-authors. 2003. Temporal variations of atmospheric CO2 concentration in a temperate deciduous forest in central Japan. Tellus B: Chem. Phys. Meteorol. 55 , 232–243. doi:10.3402/tellusb.v55i2.16751
- Nacro, H. B. 2003. Le feu de brousse, un facteur de reproduction des écosystèmes de savanes à dominance herbacées à Lamto (Côte d'Ivoire)? Rev. CAMES-Sér. A 2 , 49–54.
- N’dri, A. B. , Fongbe, M. , Soro, T. D. , Gignoux, J. , Kone, M. and co-authors. 2018. Principaux indices de l’intensité du feu dans une savane Guinéenne d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci. 12 , 266–270. v12i1.21. doi:10.4314/ijbcs.v12i1.21
- Niasse, M. 2004. Prévenir les conflits et promouvoir la coopération dans la gestion des fleuves transfrontaliers en Afrique de l’Ouest. Vertigo 5, 1–22.
- Pak, B. C. 2000. Vertical Structure of Atmospheric Trace Gases over South-East Australia. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Pak, B. C. 2000. Vertical structure of atmospheric trace gases over South‐east Australia, Ph.D. thesis. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, pp. 273.
- Palmer, P. I. , Feng, L. , Baker, D. , Chevallier, F. , Bösch, H. and co-authors. 2019. Net carbon emissions from African biosphere dominate pan-tropical atmospheric CO2 signal. Nat. Commun. 10 , 3344. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11097-w
- Paris, J.-D. , Stohl, A. , Ciais, P. , Nédélec, P. , Belan, B. D. and co-authors. 2010. Source-receptor relationships for airborne measurements of CO2, CO and O3 above Siberia: a cluster-based approach. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10 , 1671–1687. doi:10.5194/acp-10-1671-2010
- Patra, P. K. , Maksyutov, S. and Nakazawa, T. 2005. Analysis of atmospheric CO2 growth rates at Mauna Loa using CO2 fluxes derived from an inverse model. Tellus B Chem. Phys. Meteorol. 57 , 357–365. v57i5.16560. doi:10.3402/tellusb.v57i5.16560
- Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, X. , de Roode, S. R. , Adler, B. , Babić, K. , Dione, C. and co-authors. 2020. The diurnal stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition over land in southern West Africa. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 20 , 2735–2754. doi:10.5194/acp-20-2735-2020
- Putaud, J. P. , Arriga, N. , Bergamaschi, P. , Cavalli, F. , Connoly, R. and co-authors. 2019. The European Commission Atmospheric Observatory: 2018 Report , EUR 30019EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. ISBN 978-92-76-14183-9. JRC118992.
- Ramonet, M. , Ciais, P. , Nepomniachii, I. , Sidorov, K. , Neubert, R. E. M. and co-authors. 2002. Three years of aircraft-based trace gas measurements over the Fyodorovskoye southern taiga forest, 300 km north-west of Moscow. Tellus B: Chem. Phys. Meteorol. 54 , 713–734. v54i5.16720. doi:10.3402/tellusb.v54i5.16720
- Rella, C. W. , Chen, H. , Andrews, A. E. , Filges, A. , Gerbig, C. and co-authors. 2013. High accuracy measurements of dry mole fractions of carbon dioxide and methane in humid air. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 6 , 837–860. doi:10.5194/amt-6-837-2013
- Ringard, J. , Dieppois, B. , Rome, S. , Dje Kouakou, B. , Konaté, D. and co-authors. 2014. Évolution des pics de températures en Afrique de l’Ouest : étude comparative entre Abidjan et Niamey. Système et Interactions XXVIIe Colloque de l’Association International de Climatologie, Dijon, France, pp. 1–6.
- Satar, E. , Berhanu, T. A. , Brunner, D. , Henne, S. and Leuenberger, M. 2016. Continuous CO2/CH4/CO measurements (2012–2014) at Beromünster tall tower station in Switzerland. Biogeosciences 13 , 2623–2635. doi:10.5194/bg-13-2623-2016
- Scholes, R. , Archibald, S. and von Maltitz, G. 2011. Emissions from fire in sub‐saharan Africa: the magnitude of sources, their variability and uncertainty. Global Environ. Res. 15 , 53–63.
- Sreenivas, G. , Mahesh, P. , Subin, J. , Kanchana, A. L. , Rao, P. V. N. and co-authors. 2016. Influence of Meteorology and interrelationship with greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) at a suburban site of India. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 16 , 3953–3967. doi:10.5194/acp-16-3953-2016
- Stein, A. F. , Draxler, R. R. , Rolph, G. D. , Stunder, B. J. B. , Cohen, M. D. and co-authors. 2015. NOAA’s HYSPLIT atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling system. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. 96 , 2059–2077. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00110.1
- Stohl, A. , Forster, C. , Frank, A. , Seibert, P. and Wotawa, G. 2005. Technical note: The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 6.2. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5 , 2461–2474. doi:10.5194/acp-5-2461-2005
- Stohl, A. , Hittenberger, M. and Wotawa, G. 1998. Validation of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART against large-scale tracer experiment data. Atmos. Environ. 32 , 4245–4264. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00184-8
- Suntharalingam, P. 2004. Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO2/CO correlations in Asian outflow. J. Geophys. Res. 109 , 1–13.
- Ta, S. , Kouadio, K. Y. , Ali, K. E. , Toualy, E. , Aman, A. and co-authors. 2016. West Africa extreme rainfall events and large-scale ocean surface and atmospheric conditions in the tropical Atlantic. Adv. Meteorol. 2016 , 1–14. doi:10.1155/2016/1940456
- Thoning, K. W. , Tans, P. P. and Komhyr, W. D. 1989. Atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory: 2. Analysis of the NOAA GMCC data, 1974-1985. J. Geophys. Res. 94 , 8549–8565. doi:10.1029/JD094iD06p08549
- Tiemoko, D. T. , Yoroba, F. , Diawara, A. , Kouadio, K. , Kouassi, B. K. and co-authors. 2020a. Understanding the local carbon fluxes variations and their relationship to climate conditions in a sub-humid savanna-ecosystem during 2008-2015: Case of Lamto in Côte d’Ivoire. ACS. 10 , 186–205. doi:10.4236/acs.2020.102010
- Tiemoko, D. T. , Yoroba, F. , Paris, J.-D. , Diawara, A. , Berchet, A. and co-authors. 2020b. Source–receptor relationships and cluster analysis of CO2, CH4, and CO concentrations in West Africa: The case of Lamto in Côte d’Ivoire. Atmosphere 11 , 903. doi:10.3390/atmos11090903
- Tohjima, Y. , Kubo, M. , Minejima, C. , Mukai, H. , Tanimoto, H. and co-authors. 2014. Temporal changes in the emissions of CH4 and CO from China estimated from CH4/CO2 and CO/CO2 correlations observed at Hateruma Island. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 14 , 1663–1677. doi:10.5194/acp-14-1663-2014
- Touré, N. E. , Konaré, A. and Silué, S. 2012. Intercontinental transport and climatic impact of Saharan and Sahelian dust. Adv. Meteorol. 2012 , 1–14. doi:10.1155/2012/157020
- Turnbull, J. C. , Miller, J. B. , Lehman, S. J. , Tans, P. P. , Sparks, R. J. and co-authors. 2006. Comparison of 14CO2, CO, and SF6 as tracers for recently added fossil fuel CO2 in the atmosphere and implications for biological CO2 exchange. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 , n/a–n/a. n/a-n/a. doi:10.1029/2005GL024213
- UNDP. 2015. World population prospects: The 2012 revision. http://esa.un.org/unpp.
- Wada, A. , Matsueda, H. , Sawa, Y. , Tsuboi, K. and Okubo, S. 2011. Seasonal variation of enhancement ratios of trace gases observed over 10 years in the western North Pacific. Atmos. Environ. 45 , 2129–2137. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.043
- Wang, G. , Huang, J. , Guo, W. , Zuo, J. , Wang, J. and co-authors. 2010. Observation analysis of land-atmosphere interactions over the Loess Plateau of northwest China. J. Geophys. Res. 115 , 1–15.
- Ward, D. E. , Sandberg, D. V. , Ottmar, R. D. , Frost, J. A. , Hofner, G. G. , and Fitzsimmons, C. K. 1982. Measurements of Smokes from Two Prescribed Fires in the Pacific Northwest, Seventy-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association ( Ward, D. E. , ed.). USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Fire Science Laboratory, Missoula, Montana, pp. 59807.
- van der Werf, G. R. , Randerson, J. T. , Giglio, L. , Collatz, G. J. , Mu, M. and co-authors. 2010. Global fire emissions and the contribution of deforestation, savanna, forest, agricultural, and peat fires (1997–2009). Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10 , 11707–11735. doi:10.5194/acp-10-11707-2010
- WMO. 2017. Greenhouse Gases and Other Atmospheric Gases, World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG) Data Summary, WDCGG No. 41, pp. 99. https://gaw.kishou.go.jp/static/publications/summary/sum41/sum41.pdf
- Wong, K. W. , Fu, D. , Pongetti, T. J. , Newman, S. , Kort, E. A. and co-authors. 2014. Mapping CH4: CO2 ratios in Los Angeles with CLARS-FTS from Mount Wilson, California. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 14 , 17037–17066. doi:10.5194/acpd-14-17037-2014
- Wu, C. and Yu, J. Z. 2018. Evaluation of linear regression techniques for atmospheric applications: the importance of appropriate weighting. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 11 , 1233–1250. doi:10.5194/amt-11-1233-2018
- Xia, L. , Zhang, G. , Zhan, M. , Li, B. and Kong, P. 2020. Seasonal variations of atmospheric CH4 at Jingdezhen station in Central China: Understanding the regional transport and its correlation with CO2 and CO. Atmos. Res. 241 , 104982. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.104982
- Xiao, Y. 2004. Constraints on Asian and European sources of methane from CH4 -C2H6 -CO correlations in Asian outflow. J. Geophys. Res. 109 , D15S16.
- Yokelson, R. J. , Susott, R. , Ward, D. E. , Reardon, J. and Griffith, D. W. T. 1997. Emissions from smoldering combustion of biomass measured by open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. J. Geophys. Res. 102 , 18865–18877. doi:10.1029/97JD00852
- Yver Kwok, C. , Laurent, O. , Guemri, A. , Philippon, C. , Wastine, B. and co-authors. 2015. Comprehensive laboratory and field testing of cavity ring-down spectroscopy analyzers measuring H2O, CO2, CH4 and CO. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 8 , 3867–3892.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2020.1863707 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Language: English
Page range: 1863707 - 1863707
Published on: Jan 1, 2021
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
© 2021 Toure Dro Tiemoko, Michel Ramonet, Fidele Yoroba, Kobenan Benjamin Kouassi, Kouakou Kouadio, Victor Kazan, Claire Kaiser, François Truong, Cyrille Vuillemin, Marc Delmotte, Benoit Wastine, Phillipe Ciais, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.