Effects of diabatic and adiabatic processes on relative humidity in a GCM, and relationship between mid-tropospheric vertical wind and cloud-forming and cloud-dissipating processes

Clouds play an important role in weather and climate. Therefore, it is important to quantify the dominant processes that influence cloud formation and dissolution. In this study, diagnostics of the relative humidity tendency in the ECHAM6 GCM are used to quantify the contribution of different atmospheric processes to the change in relative humidity and thus to quantify their impact on clouds. In the model, we find that the dominant processes are stratiform cloud microphysics, large-scale adiabatic horizontal advection and vertical motion, and cumulus convection. Tendencies calculated based on monthly mean fields approximate the monthly averages of instantaneous tendencies to within 50% in the mid-latitudes and 25% elsewhere. The correlation between the relative humidity tendencies and mid-tropospheric vertical velocity ω500 is analysed. The most important processes for cloud formation are tightly correlated with ω500; the monthly mean vertical velocity in most cases appears qualitatively useful to characterise the cloud-forming and cloud-dissipating processes.