Deaf people's employment and workplaces – similarities and differences in comparison with a reference population

Deaf population^a (n = 1340)Reference population^ab (n = 77,847)Sector of the economy Public sector4937 Private sector3959 Organizations124Number of employed persons at the workplace^c 1–91422 10–191212 20–491717 50–991514 100 or more4235Industrial branch^d Agriculture, forestry and fishing12 Manufacturing, mining and quarrying2817 Energy production, water supply and waste management11 Construction46 Trade, communication and transport818 Financial intermediation and  business services714 Education and research2212 Health and social care services1417 Personal and cultural services,  including hotels107 Public administration56Notes: ^aThe subgroups of each variable total 100% within each population.^bThe margin of error was 0.1–0.5% (level of confidence 99%) for the results of people in the reference population.^cMissing data in number of employed persons at the workplace was 4.4% in the deaf population and 4.5% in the reference population.^dMissing data in industrial branch was 1.6% in the deaf population and 1.2% in the reference population.

VariablesDeaf population (P1)Reference population^a (P2)RRR^b (%)Employment62.5 (N=2144)77.8 (N=100,000)−20Sex Men66^c (N=1137)80 (N=50,365)−18 Women59 (N=1007)76 (N=49,635)−22Age categories 25–34 years62 (N=450)76 (N=24,117)−18 35–44 years66 (N=630)83 (N=26,442)−21 45–54 years66 (N=449)83 (N=24,173)−21 55–64 years56 (N=615)70 (N=25,268)−20Region Metropolitan area66 (N=734)77 (N=37,550)−14 Other densely populated areas62 (N=1018)78 (N=35,291)−21 Medium populated areas60 (N=201)79 (N=16,383)−24 Sparsely populated areas51 (N=191)79 (N=10,776)−35Immigration background Immigration background61 (N=342)65 (N=24,378)−6 Born in Sweden with both parents born in Sweden63 (N=1802)82 (N=75,622)−23Level of educational attainment^d Compulsory school education43 (N=430)65 (N=16,891)−34 Upper secondary education65 (N=1415)80 (N=47,003)−19 Post-secondary education83 (N=287)84 (N = 34,932)−1Field of education^e General programmes50 (N=570)69 (N=24,529)−28 Education78 (N=117)87 (N=6924)−10 Humanities and arts84 (N=111)72 (N=3340)17 Social sciences, business and law70 (N=196)82 (N=16,993)−15 Science, mathematics and computing58 (N=50)78 (N=2435)−26 Engineering, manufacturing and construction67 (N=624)83 (N=21,783)−19 Agriculture and veterinary58 (N=12)84 (N=1622)−31 Health and welfare75 (N=152)84 (N=13,097)−11 Services54 (N=101)78 (N=5948)−31Notes: ^aThe margin of error was 0.3−0.4% (level of confidence 99%) for the results of people in the reference population.^bRRR=(P1−P2)/P2^c66% of the deaf men are employed, whereas 34% of the deaf men are not employed. Only the percent of the persons that are employed are presented in this table and, for this reason, it is not possible to sum the figures in the table to 100%.^dMissing data in level of educational attainment was 0.6% in the deaf population and 1.2% in the reference population.^eMissing data in the field of education amounted to 10% in the deaf population and 3% in the reference population.

Occupation^aDeaf population (n = 1340)Reference population^b (n = 77,847)Legislators, senior officials and managers16Professionals1520Technicians and associate professionals1220Clerks109Service and shop sales workers1819Skilled agricultural and fishery workers11Craft and related trades workers129Plant, machine operators and assemblers1210Elementary occupations196Total100100Notes: ^aMissing data: 3% in the deaf population and 5% in the reference population.^bThe margin of error was 0.1%–0.4% (level of confidence 99%) for the results of people in the reference population.

Occupation that requires the competence of compulsory school educationOccupation that requires the competence of upper secondary educationOccupation that requires the competence of post-secondary educationDPRPDPRPDPRPCompulsory school education 26 36 15 19  5  5Upper secondary education 72 54 77 68 46 27Post-secondary education  2 10  8 13 49 68Total (%)100100100100100100Total (n)246408868835,76836233,671Notes: Missing data in the deaf population are 3.3% and in the reference population 5.5%. p < 0.001Occupation level lower than the level of educational attainmentOccupation level corresponding to the level of educational attainmentOccupation level higher than the level of educational attainment

UnadjustedAdjusted^bORCI (99%)ORCI (99%)Occupation level lower than the level of educational attainment2.11.8–2.52.21.8–2.7Occupation level corresponding to the level of educational attainment0.80.7–0.90.80.6–0.9Occupation level higher than the level of educational attainment0.9^c0.8–1.10.8^c0.7–1.0Notes: ^aThe reference population is the reference category (OR = 1).^bAdjusted for differences in age, sex, region and immigration background.^cResult not significant.