Needs and Ambitions in Swedish Disability Care

VariableMinMaxMeanStandard deviationNLSS persons*131315717289LSS measures*202899934289LSS costs**58958562501852289*Measured per 10,000 inhabitants.**Measured in SEK per inhabitant.Sources: Data on LSS costs, LSS persons and LSS measures from the National Board of Health and Welfare (Socialstyrelsen 2003a, b); Data on population 2002 from Statistics Sweden (SCB).

VariableDefinitionSourcesDemandNeedsResidential institutionsNumber of residents in institutions for intellectually disabled in 1978 per 10,000 inhabitants in 2002.NBHW (Socialstyrelsen 1978); SCBMental hospitalsBeds in mental hospitals in 1968 per 10,000 inhabitants in 2002.NBHW (Socialstyrelsen 1982, appendix 3); SCBCounty council careTotal number of beds in institutions, daily activities, and schooling per inhabitant in the counties in 1990.Landstingsförbundet 1992; SCBPopulation densityAverage population density 1995–2002, 100 people per square kilometre.SCBPropensity to applyHuman capitalFactor score index consisting of the variables: percentage of population older than 64 years of age; ill health rate; percentage of population with a post upper secondary school education; unemployment rate. All measured in 2002.SCB; Swedish Social Insurance AgencyNon-Nordic immigrantsPercentage of the population in 2002 born outside the Nordic countries.SCBLASSNumber of persons per 10,000 inhabitants with personal assistance according to LASS in 2002.Data on excel file from Swedish Social Insurance Agency; SCBSocial Services ActNumber or persons per 10,000 inhabitants below the age of 65 with home-help or special housing according to the Social Services Act in 2002.NBHW (Socialstyrelsen 2003c)Care allowanceNumber of children per 10,000 inhabitants whose parents received care allowance in 2002.Swedish Social Insurance Agency; SCBLocal cultureThe municipality belongs to one of the counties Norrbotten, Västerbotten, Västernorrland or Jämtland (dummy).SCBLand areaMunicipality area (100 square kilometres) in 2002.SCBSupplyPolitical ambitionsLeft-wing governmentA government consisting of at least either the Social democrats or the Left party and no non-socialist party formed after the 1998 election (dummy).Bäck 2003Majority Left-wing governmentLeft-wing government with at least 50% +1 of the seats on the Municipal councilKFAKTA03; SCB 1995; Bäck 2003.Long term left-wing governmentLeft-wing governments formed after both the 1994 and the 1998 election.KFAKTA03; SCB 1995, 1999; Kommunaktuellt1995.Stable left-wing governmentLeft-wing governments with the same party composition formed after both the 1994 and the 1998 elections.KFAKTA03; SCB 1995, 1999; Kommunaktuellt 1995; Bäck 2003Women in the councilPercentage of women on the Municipal council after the 1998 election.KFAKTA03Separate organisationPresence of separate administrative organisation for disability care in 2003. Data not available for earlier years.NBHW (Socialstyrelsen 2005)Disability organisationsAdditive index been based on survey questions from the Disability Ombudsman: (1) Is there a disability council in your municipality? (2) Are the disability organisations heard early in the municipal decision making process? (3) Did the disability organisations take part in preparing the municipal disability policy plan?Swedish Disability Ombudsman 2001ResourcesCompensated tax baseSum of the tax base per inhabitant and the intermunicipal income compensation (1000 SEK) in 2001.SCBEconomic resultEconomic result per inhabitant (1000 SEK) in 1998.SCBLong-term debtLong term debt per inhabitant (1000 SEK) in 1998.SCBPopulationPopulation (1000 people) in 2002.SCB

Bivariate effectsVariableB (Std. error)R²Residential institutions0.012* (0.001)0.189Mental hospitals−0.001 (0.00)0.005County council care0.024* (0.007)0.035Population density−0.047* (0.014)0.037Human capital0.290* (0.056)0.084Non-Nordic immigrants−0.046* (0.016)0.028LASS0.041* (0.012)0.040Social Services Act0.008 (0.006)0.006Care allowance0.011* (0.006)0.012Local culture0.908* (0.155)0.107Land area0.005* (0.002)0.015Left-wing government0.391* (0.116)0.038Majority left-wing government0.430* (0.012)0.042Long term left-wing government0.484* (0.116)0.057Stable left-wing government0.592* (0.151)0.051Women on council0.014 (0.011)0.006Separate organisation0.180 (0.126)0.007Disability organisations0.271 (0.240)0.005Compensated tax base−0.018* (0.005)0.042Economic result0.028 (0.031)0.003Long-term debt−0.002 (0.007)0.000Population−0.001 (0.001)0.003*Significant at the 0.05 level (one sided test).

B (Std. error)tAdj. R²(Constant)−0.257 (0.067)–3.833Residential institution0.011 (0.001)8.245Population density−0.022 (0.013)–1.692Human capital0.130 (0.061)2.121Land area−0.006 (0.003)–2.183Local culture0.881 (0.181)4.869Stable left-wing government0.352 (0.130)2.698Model summary0.333