Life Consequences of Hearing Loss in Terms of Activity Limitation and Participation Restriction
Figures & Tables
MalesFemalesTotalDemographicNumbers Age (years)n (% of total) Mean (SD)188 (54.8) 68.0 (13.5)155 (45.2) 70.1 (14.2)343 (100.0) 69.0 (13.8)Living with spouse or cohabitantn (% of total)156 (45.5)78 (22.7)4234 (68.2)Level of education1 7–10 yearsn (% of total)84 (24.6)90 (26.4)5174 (51.0) 11–13 yearsn (% of total)64 (18.8)34 (10.0)98 (28.7) > 13 yearsn (% of total)40 (11.7)29 (8.5)69 (20.2)AudiologicalHI2, from better ears threshold at 0.5–1–2–4 kHzMean (SD)42.0 (16.6)45.0 (16.8)43.4 (16.7)Duration of hearing problems (years)Mean (SD)15.0 (13.0)15.2 (15.9)15.1 (14.4)Perceived severity of hearing problems Tinnitus1Mean (SD)2.4 (0.8)2.5 (0.8)2.4 (0.8) Non (% of total)118 (35.0)103 (30.6)221 (65.6) Grade 1n (% of total)45 (13.4)24 (7.1)69 (20.5) Grade 2n (% of total)22 (6.5)23 (6.8)45 (13.4) Grade 3n (% of total)1 (0.3)1 (0.3)2 (0.6)CopingSense of humourMean (SD)16.7 (2.6)17.2 (2.6)17.0 (2.0)Maladaptive communication behaviour3Mean (SD)4.2 (0.6)4.1 (0.7)4.1 (0.6)Verbal communication strategiesMean (SD)2.6 (0.8)2.7 (0.9)2.6 (0.9)Non-verbal communication strategiesMean (SD)3.2 (1.0)3.5 (1.0)63.3 (1.0)Life consequencesActivity limitationMean (SD)26.8 (5.8)28.2 (6.4)627.4 (6.1)Participation restrictionMean (SD)18.4 (4.9)19.6 (5.5)618.9 (5.2)1Numbers for this variable do not total 343 because of missing data.2HI = hearing impairment.3Scale was reversed before statistics.4Chi-square 40.961 (1 df) p<0.001.5Chi-square 7.630 (2 df) p<0.05.6t-test (two-tailed) p<0.05.
CharacteristicsActivity limitation (r)Participation restriction (r)DemographicGender0.112 (*)0.113 (*)Age0.076−0.056Living with spouse or cohabitant0.125 (*)0.042Education 3 levels−0.228 (***)−0.103AudiologicalHI1, from better ears threshold of 0.5–1–2–4 kHz0.536 (***)0.285 (***)Type of HI10.157 (**)0.102Duration of hearing problems (years)0.378 (***)0.253 (***)Perceived severity of hearing problems0.545 (***)0.501 (***)Tinnitus−0.0000.147 (**)CopingSense of humour−0.169 (**)−0.180 (***)Maladaptive communication behaviour−0.507 (***)−0.578 (***)Verbal communication strategies0.239 (**)0.161 (**)Non-verbal communication strategies0.374 (***)0.341 (***)1HI = hearing impairment.*p<0.05.**p<0.01.***p<0.001.
StepPredictor variableCoefficientsp-value (two-tailed)R2 (change)(Unstandardized)(Standardized)1HI1, from better ears means threshold of 0.5–1–2–4 kHz0.1020.283<0.0010.2872Maladaptive behaviour−2.489−0.259<0.0010.1373Perceived severity of hearing problems1.9070.244<0.0010.0774Non-verbal communication strategies1.0190.172<0.0010.0275Duration of hearing problems0.0410.0990.0210.0076Education level−0.664−0.0860.0310.0071HI = hearing impairment.Alpha-to-enter = 0.050 and alpha-to-remove = 0.10.R2 (adjusted) = 0.533.
StepPredictor variableCoefficientsp-value (two-tailed)R2 (change)(Unstandardized)(Standardized)1Maladaptive behaviour−3.554−0.431<0.0010.3242Perceived severity of hearing problems2.0740.311<0.0010.1133Tinnitus0.8470.1230.0030.0164Non-verbal communication strategies0.9580.189<0.0010.0095Verbal communication strategies−0.826−0.1350.0070.0126Sense of humour−0.172−0.0880.0370.007Alpha-to-enter = 0.050 and alpha-to-remove = 0.10.R2 (adjusted) = 0.472.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15017410500300413 | Journal eISSN: 1745-3011
Language: English
Page range: 53 - 66
Published on: Aug 1, 2006
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 2006 Anne-Sofie Helvik, Geir W. Jacobsen, Lillemor R-M. Hallberg, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.