Fig. 1
EBM GP trainees
Table 1
Characteristics of trainees (n = 140)
|
Personal characteristics | ||
|
Women |
N |
99 (71 %) |
|
Age |
Mean, SD |
29.3 ± 3.3 |
|
Years graduated |
Mean, SD |
2.2 ± 2.1 |
|
Knowledge | ||
|
Knowledge (Berlin) |
Mean, SD |
6.8 ± 2.4 (score between 0 and 15) |
|
Self-reported knowledge |
Median, quartiles |
3 (2–3) (score between 1 and 5) |
|
Attitude | ||
|
Attitude (McColl) |
Mean, SD |
62.8 ± 8.8 (score between 0 and 100) |
|
Self-reported attitude |
Median, quartiles |
4 (4–4) (score between 1 and 5) |
Table 2
Factor loadings
|
Scale items |
Factor loading |
% Variance |
α |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Knowledge/skills |
12.1 |
0.72 | |
|
As a result of inexperience with one (or more) of the EBM steps, I do not succeed at using EBM in practice |
0.74 | ||
|
As a result of a lack of education in using EBM, I am unsure of what using EBM practically means |
0.74 | ||
|
My skills in searching for evidence in databases (i.e. PubMed) are sufficient |
−0.80 | ||
|
When I search for evidence I do not know when to be pleased with the answer found |
0.37 | ||
|
Attitude |
26.6 |
0.70 | |
|
I am not motivated in working according to the principles of EBM |
0.61 | ||
|
I am not interested in searching for the best evidence |
0.67 | ||
|
The time I have per patient is insufficient to also search for answers to my questions (according to the principles of EBM) |
0.50 | ||
|
I do not search for clinical evidence because I rely on the formal education I received during Speciality Training as supplying me with the right knowledge |
0.61 | ||
|
When I have a clinical question, I take the initiative to search for an evidence-based answer |
−0.58 | ||
|
When busy, searching for clinical evidence is not a priority to me |
0.61 | ||
|
External factors |
9.1 |
0.66 | |
|
My trainer motivates me to use EBM |
0.59 | ||
|
Formal education stimulates me to use EBM in practice |
0.63 | ||
|
My teacher stimulates me to use EBM |
0.77 | ||
|
There is enough guidance in my training practice to support me in using EBM |
0.46 | ||
|
During consultations, I have sufficient time to work according to the principles of EBM |
0.54 | ||
|
Total % of explained variance |
47.8 |
Table 3
Single barriers to the use of EBM
|
Barrier |
Mean ± SD |
|---|---|
|
As a result of inexperience with one (or more) of the EBM steps I do not succeed at using EBM in practice |
2.9 ± 1.0 |
|
As a result of a lack of education in using EBM, I am unsure of what using EBM practically means |
2.9 ± 1.0 |
|
My trainer motivates me to use EBM |
3.1 ± 0.8 |
|
I am not motivated in working according to the principles of EBM |
2.2 ± 0.9 |
|
Formal education stimulates me to use EBM in practice |
2.6 ± 0.9 |
|
My skills in searching for evidence in databases (i.e. PubMed) are sufficient |
3.1 ± 1.0 |
|
I am not interested in searching for the best evidence |
2.4 ± 0.9 |
|
The time I have per patient is insufficient to also search for answers to my questions (according to the principles of EBM) |
3.7 ± 1.0 |
|
My teacher stimulates me to use EBM |
2.7 ± 0.8 |
|
There is enough guidance in my training practice to support me in using EBM |
3.0 ± 0.8 |
|
I do not search for clinical evidence because I rely on the formal education I received during speciality training as supplying me with the right knowledge |
2.5 ± 0.9 |
|
I have difficulties with understanding the English language when reading articles |
1.8 ± 0.8 |
|
When I search for evidence I do not know when to be pleased with the answer found |
3.1 ± 1.0 |
|
When I have a clinical question, I take the initiative to search for an evidence-based answer |
3.2 ± 0.9 |
|
When busy, searching for clinical evidence is not a priority to me |
3.8 ± 0.9 |
|
I have a fear of repercussions when confronting my clinical trainer with the latest evidence |
1.8 ± 0.7 |
|
I forget the clinical questions I wanted to search answers for |
2.8 ± 0.9 |
|
I use the quickest method to answer clinical questions |
2.1 ± 0.6 |
|
I do not have enough time to use EBM |
3.6 ± 0.8 |