ZELA19 zela19 Tellus 0040-2826 2153-3490 Taylor & Francis 11805478 10.3402/tellusa.v6i4.8758 Article Articles On the Structure of Some Cumulonimbus Clouds which Penetrated the High Tropical Troposphere

1 Contribution No. 716 from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

 Joanne Starr Malkus a & Claude Ronne a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 1 1 1954 January 1954 6 4 351 366 25 5 1954 © 1954 The Author(s). Published by Taylor and Francis Group LLC 1954 The Author(s) This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Some extremely large oceanic trade-wind cumulonimbus clouds extending upwards of 40,000 ft into a region of strong winds and intense vertical shear have been studied by means of time-lapse photography. A simultaneous still picture of the clouds taken a known distance and direction away from the motion pictures permits triangulation upon the clouds and calculation of the vertical and horizontal motions of several of the individual towers. By means of a nearby radiosonde observation, it is established that the air forming the strongest of these towers must have risen from near cloud base with little or no dilution of its buoyancy by mixing with the clear-air surroundings.

The model of Malkus and Scorer (1955) concerning the erosion of cumulus towers is reviewed and tested upon these towers with satisfactory results. A minimum horizontal cloud dimension is apparently required for the production of undiluted towers. The horizontal motion of the clouds relative to the air is also estimated from the model and tested by the observations and the net upward transport of latent heat in water vapor is calculated approximately.

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