References
- 1. Wu LT, Ringwalt CL. Inhalant use and disorders among adults in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006; 85:1-11.10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.01.017
- 2. Yucel M, Takagi M, Walterfang M, Lubman DI. Toluene misuse and long-term harms: a systematic review of the neuropsychological and neuroimaging literature. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008; 32:910-26.10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.01.006
- 3. Hernandez-Avila CA, Ortega-Soto HA, Jasso A, Hasfura-Buenaga CA, Kranzler HR. Treatment of inhalant-induced psychotic disorder with carbamazepine versus haloperidol. Psychiatric services. 1998; 49:812-6.10.1176/ps.49.6.812
- 4. Okudaira K, Yabana T, Takahashi H, Iizuka H, Nakajima K, Saito A. Inhalant abusers and psychiatric symptoms. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 1996; 98: 203-12.
- 5. Wada K, Nakayama K, Koishikawa H, Katayama M, Hirai S, Yabana T, et al. Symptomatological structure of volatile solvent-induced psychosis: is “solvent psychosis” a discernible syndrome. Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi. 2005; 40:471-84.
- 6. Anderson CE, Loomis GA. Recognition and prevention of inhalant abuse. American family physician. 2003; 68: 869-74.
- 7. Bale AS, Tu Y, Carpenter-Hyland EP, Chandler LJ, Woodward JJ. Alterations in glutamatergic and GABAergic ion channel activity in hippocampal neurons following exposure to the abused inhalant toluene. Neuroscience. 2005; 130:197-206.10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.08.040
- 8. Medina-Mora ME, Real T. Epidemiology of inhalant use. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2008; 21:247-51.10.1097/YCO.0b013e3282fc9875
- 9. Konghom S, Verachai V, Srisurapanont M, Suwanmajo S, Ranuwattananon A, Kimsongneun N, et al. Treatment for inhalant dependence and abuse (Review). The Cochrane Library. 2010.
- 10. Ridenour TA. Inhalants: not to be taken lightly anymore. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2005; 18:243-7.10.1097/01.yco.0000165593.52811.cd
- 11. Winqvist R, Lundstrom K, Salminen M, Laatikainen M, Ulmanen I. The human catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene maps to band q11.2 of chromosome 22 and shows a frequent RFLP with BglI. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1992; 59:253-7.10.1159/000133262
- 12. Lachman HM, Morrow B, Shprintzen R, Veit S, Parsia SS, Faedda G, et al. Association of codon 108/158 catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism with the psychiatric manifestations of velo-cardiofacial syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 1996; 67:468-72.
- 13. Shield AJ, Thomae BA, Eckloff BW, Wieben ED, Weinshilboum RM. Human catechol O-methyltransferase genetic variation: gene resequencing and functional characterization of variant allozymes. Mol Psychiatry. 2004; 9:151-60.10.1038/sj.mp.4001386
- 14. Axelrod J, Tomchick R. Enzymatic O-methylation of epinephrine and other catechols. J Biol Chem. 1958; 233:702-5.
- 15. Ucok A, Ozturk M, Duman Z, Saruhan-Direskeneli G. COMT Val158Met polymorphism is related with interpersonal problem solving in schizophrenia. European Psychiatry. 2010; 25: 320-2.10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.01.012
- 16. Benedetti F, Dallaspezia S, Colombo C, Lorenzi C, Pirovano A, Smeraldi E. Association between catechol-O-methyltransferase Val(108/158)Met polymorphism and psychotic features of bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2010; 125: 341-4.
- 17. Lohoff FW, Weller AE, Bloch PJ, Nall AH, Ferraro TN, Kampman KM, et al. Association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism and cocaine dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008; 33:3078-84.10.1038/npp.2008.126
- 18. Administrative Committee on Substance Abuse Academic Network (ACSAN): National Household Survey on Substance Abuse 2007. Edited by Bangkok Office of the Narcotics Control Board; 2007.
- 19. Malison RT, Kalayasiri R, Sanichwankul K, Sughondhabirom A, Mutirangura A, Pittman B, et al. Inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of DSM-IV opioid dependence in a Hmong isolate using the Thai version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA). Addictive Behaviors. 2011; 36:156-60.10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.031
- 20. Kalayasiri R, Mutirangura A, Verachai V, Gelernter J, Malison RT. Risk factors for methamphetamineinduced paranoia and latency of symptom onset in a Thai drug treatment cohort. Asian Biomed. 2009; 3: 635-43.
- 21. Pierucci-Lagha A, Gelernter J, Feinn R, Cubells JF, Pearson D, Pollastri A, et al. Diagnostic reliability of the Semi-structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA). Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005; 80:303-12.10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.04.005
- 22. Wu LT, Pilowsky DJ, Schlenger WE. Inhalant abuse and dependence among adolescents in the United States. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004; 43: 1206-14.10.1097/01.chi.0000134491.42807.a3
- 23. Johnston LD, O’Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. Monitoring the future national results on adolescent drug use: overview of key findings. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. 2009:14-5.
- 24. Riegel AC, Zapata A, Shippenberg TS, French ED. The abused inhalant toluene increases dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens by directly stimulating ventral tegmental area neurons. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007; 32:1558-69.10.1038/sj.npp.1301273
- 25. Di Chiara G, Bassareo V, Fenu S, De Luca MA, Spina L, Cadoni C, et al. Dopamine and drug addiction: the nucleus accumbens shell connection. Neuropharmacology. 2004; 47:227-41.10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.06.032
- 26. Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wang GJ, Swanson JM, Telang F. Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results of imaging studies and treatment implications. Arch Neurol. 2007; 64:1575-9.10.1001/archneur.64.11.1575
- 27. Klanker M. Dopamine/Serotonin interactions in reward-related behavior: Focus on the Iowa Gambling Task: Utrecht University. 2008.
- 28. Axelrod J. The metabolism of catecholamines in vivo and in vitro. Pharmacol Rev. 1959; 11:402-8.
- 29. Starr JM, Fox H, Harris SE, Deary IJ, Whalley LJ. COMT genotype and cognitive ability: a longitudinal aging study. Neurosci Lett. 2007; 421:57-61.10.1016/j.neulet.2007.05.023
- 30. Egan MF, Goldberg TE, Kolachana BS, Callicott JH, Mazzanti CM, Straub RE, et al. Effect of COMT Val108/158 Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001; 98:6917-22.
- 31. Wu LT, Howard MO, Pilowsky DJ. Substance use disorders among inhalant users: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Addict Behav. 2008; 33:968-73.10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.02.019
- 32. Kelder SH, Murray NG, Orpinas P, Prokhorov A, McReynolds L, Zhang Q, et al. Depression and substance use in minority middle-school students. Am J Public Health. 2001; 91:761-6.
- 33. Kubik MY, Lytle LA, Birnbaum AS, Murray DM, Perry CL. Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in young adolescents. Am J Health Behav. 2003; 27:546-53. 10.5993/AJHB.27.5.6