Figure 1
A graphical representation of the types, tokens, and implementation steps that relate them as defined by FFP. An executable is obtained by compiling and linking a program token, which is constituted by a collection of source files, for a particular machine architecture (a). A software token is a copy of the executable and will always lead to the same external behavior when run on a local machine of the target architecture (b).8
Figure 2
How a program is compiled depends not only on the target instruction set architecture. The C++ program shown in (a) calculates the sum of numbers 1 up to 5 inclusive. The version compiled using Apple clang version 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4) with optimizations enabled is considerably shorter (b) than with optimizations disabled (c).