Table 1
Examples of Adapted Model Components.
| EXAMPLE ELEMENT | ORIGINAL MODELS | ADAPTATION |
|---|---|---|
| Personnel | Volunteers screen, refer, and follow-up [3132333540] | Case managers screen and refer; volunteers follow-up at 2 and 4 weeks after visit |
| Setting | Academic emergency department [31]; Pediatric clinics [32], Academic primary care [33], County hospital [24], | Community health center adult primary care |
| Community Resource Referrals | Static, referral algorithm pathways [3134] | Electronic, live spreadsheet directory updated through patient feedback |
| Screening tool | Local screening tool [3132333540] | PRAPARE tool |
| Follow-up Script | Assess referral success and provide navigation [31] | Added questions on resource quality; Built-in motivational interviewing prompts |
Table 2
Application of the 10 Essential Public Health Services Framework to Plan Help Desk for Implementation with a Community Health Center (CHC).
| ESSENTIAL SERVICE | ORIGINAL FRAMEWORK COMPONENT | ADAPTED FRAMEWORK COMPONENT | EXAMPLE ACTIVITIES TO LOCALIZE HELP DESK |
|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | Monitor health status to identify community health problems | Monitor social needs and health status of CHC patients | Create CHC patient profile sheet |
| #2 | Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community | Diagnose and investigate (1) CHC patient social barriers and (2) areas for improvement in CHC service delivery | Map existing case manager screening and referral workflow and practices |
| #3 | Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues | Inform, educate, and empower people about unmet social needs | Present on social needs and Help Desk to university community at student showcase |
| #4 | Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts | Develop policies, infrastructure, and plans needed to implement Help Desk at CHC | Create volunteer workflows and build data infrastructure to collect information on Help Desk calls |
| #5 | Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety | Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety | Onboard student volunteers at CHC to ensure compliance with safety and confidentiality regulations |
| #6 | Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems | Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve problems relating to unmet social needs | Attend county level meetings relating to social determinants |
| #7 | Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable | Implement Help Desk program and link patients to community resources that address social needs | Volunteers pilot Help Desk “follow-up” calls under supervision of case managers |
| #8 | Assure a competent public health and personal health care workforce | Assure a competent volunteer workforce | Host weekly operational meetings and case reviews with volunteer base; identify and train next cohort of student leaders |
| #9 | Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services | Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of Help Desk | Assess Key Performance Indicators noted in the logic model from pilot |
| #10 | Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems | Research for new insights |
Figure 1
Community Health Center Help Desk Model.
Figure 2
Logic Model.
Figure 3
Flow Diagram of Pilot Study.