Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Optimizing civilian armored vehicle design with quality: A case study on lightweight ballistic protection using the DfA2 methodology Cover

Optimizing civilian armored vehicle design with quality: A case study on lightweight ballistic protection using the DfA2 methodology

Production Engineering Archives
Volume 31 (2025): Issue 2 (June 2025)
By: Paulo Carlos KaminskiORCID and  Guido Muzio CandidoORCID  
Open Access
|May 2025

References

  1. Abuzied, H, Senbel, H., Awad, M., Abbas, A., 2019. A review of advances in design for disassembly with active disassembly applications. International Journal Engineering Science and Technology, 23(3), 618-624. DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2019.07.003
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  2. ASTM. American Society for Testing Materials., 2023. ASTM E3113-23. Standard specification for ballistic-resistant vehicle door panels used by public safety agencies. DOI: 10.1520/E3113-23
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  3. Bao, J.-W., Wang, Y.-W., An, R., Cheng, H.-W., Wang, F.-C., 2022. Investigation of the mechanical and ballistic properties of hybrid carbon/aramid woven laminates. Defence Technology, 18(10), 1822-1833. DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2021.09.009
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  4. Baraldi, E. C, Kaminski, P. C., 2018. Reference model for the implementation of new assembly processes in the automotive sector. Cogent Engineering, 5(1),1482984. DOI: 10.1080/23311916.2018.1482984
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  5. Benabdellah, A. C., Benghabrit, A., Bouhaddou, I., Benghabrit, O., 2020. Design for relevance concurrent engineering approach: integration of IATF 16949 requirements and design for X techniques. Research in Engineering Design 31, 323–351. DOI: 10.1007/s00163-020-00339-4
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  6. Boothroyd, G. 1994. Product design for manufacture and assembly. Computer-Aided Design, 26(7), 505–520. DOI: 10.1016/0010-4485(94)90082-5
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  7. Boothroyd, G., Dewhurst, P., Knight, W. A., 2010. Product Design for Manufacture and Assembly. CRC Press, 3rd Edition. Boca Raton, USA. DOI: 10.1201/9781420089288
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  8. BSI. British Standards Institution., 2018. PAS [Publicly Available Specification] 300:2018. Civilian armoured vehicle – Test methods for ballistic and blast protection. England.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  9. Candido, G. M., 2024. DfA2, Design for Assembly and Armoring, as the methodology for the manufacturing process of civil armored vehicles. Doctor Thesis in Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 208 p. DOI: 10.11606/T.3.2024.tde-22112024-083125
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  10. Candido, G. M., Kaminski, P. C., 2023. Civilian armored vehicle operations in Brazil – challenges and production processes improvements: a qualitative survey. Production Engineering Archives, 29(2), 128-139. DOI: 10.30657/pea.2023.29.15
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  11. Candido, G. M., Kaminski, P. C., Medeiros, M. A., Araujo, A. G. L., 2022. Design for Excellence (DfX) in vehicle armoring operations: improvements and speed up a systematic literature review. Product, Management & Development, 20(1). DOI: 10.4322/pmd.2022.017
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  12. Chami, A., Benabbou, R., Taleb, M., Rais, Z., El Haji, M., 2021. Analysis of survey data on corrosion in the automotive industry, Materials Today Proceedings, 45, 7636-7642. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.113
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  13. Dagman, A., Söderberg, R., 2012. Current state of the art on repair, maintenance and serviceability in Swedish automotive industry – a virtual product realization approach. In: Design for Innovative Value Towards a Sustainable Society. Springer, Dordrecht. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-3010-6_75
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  14. Davies, G., 2012. Materials for automobile bodies, Elsevier, 1st Edition, Great Britain.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  15. De Fazio, F., Bakker, C., Flipsen, B., Balkenende, R., 2021. The Disassembly Map: A new method to enhance design for product repairability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 320(128552). DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128552
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  16. Dewhurst, P., Abbatiello, N. 1996. Design for Service, In: Huang, G. Q. (eds) Design for X. Springer, Dordrecht, 298–317. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-3985-4
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  17. DoD. Department of Defense. 1985. NIJ Standard 0108.01 Ballistic Resistant Protective Materials. National Institute of Justice. USA.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  18. Du Bois, P., Chou, C. C., Fileta, B. B., Khalil, T. B., King, A. I., Mahmood, H. F., Merzt, H. J., Wismans, J., 2004. Vehicle Crashworthiness and Occupant Protection. American Iron Steel Institute. Southfield, Michigan, USA.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  19. Favi, C., M. Marconi, M. Germani, Mandolini, M., 2019. A design for disassembly tool oriented to mechatronic product manufacturing and recycling. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 39, 62–79. DOI: 10.1016/j.aei.2018.11.008
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  20. Goicoechea, I., Fenollera, M., 2012. Quality Management in the Automotive Industry. DAAAM - Danube Adria Association for Automation & Manufacturing International Scientific Book, 51, 619-632, Vienna, Austria, 2012. DOI: 10.2507/daaam.scibook.2012.51
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  21. Hąbek, P., Lavios, J.J., Grzywa, A., 2023. Lean Manufacturing Practices Assessment - Case Study of Automotive Company. Production Engineering Archives, 29 (3), 311-318. DOI: 10.30657/pea.2023.29.36
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  22. Happian-Smith, J., 2002. An Introduction to Modern Vehicle Design. Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd.: Oxford, UK.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  23. Hesse, M., Weber, C., 2012. Manufacturability and Validation Methods in Passenger Car Development – an Industrial Case Study, International Design Conference, Design. Croatia.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  24. Hirz, M., Dietrich, W., Gfrerrer, A., Lang, J., 2013. Integrated computer-aided design in automotive development. Springer Berlin 1st Edition, Heidelberg, Germany, 466 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-11940-8
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  25. Hua, H., Li, Y., Wang, T., Dong, N., Li, W., Cao, J., 2023. Edge Computing with Artificial Intelligence: A Machine Learning Perspective. ACM Computing Surveys, 55(9), 1-35. DOI: 10.1145/3555802
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  26. Huang, G. Q. 1996. Design for X-Concurrent engineering imperatives. Springer, Dordrecht 1st Edition. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-3985-4
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  27. IATF. International Automotive Task Force., 2016. ISO/TS 16949 - Quality management system for organizations in the automotive industry. Genève.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  28. Juniani, A., Singgih, M., Karningsih, P., 2021. Design for Manufacturing, Assembly, and Reliability on Product Redesign: Literature Review and Research Direction. In: 2nd Asia Pacific International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. DOI: 10.46254/AP02.20210039
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  29. Kaluza, A., Kleemann, S., Broch, F., Herrmann, C., Vietor, T., 2016. Analyzing Decision-making in Automotive Design towards Life Cycle Engineering for Hybrid Lightweight Components. Procedia CIRP, 50, 825–830. DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2016.05.029
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  30. Knop, K., Gejdos, P., 2024. Prioritizing product quality problems using quality management tools. System Safety: Human - Technical Facility – Environment, 6 (1), 138-153. DOI: 10.2478/czoto-2024-0016
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  31. Kuo, T. C., Huang, S. H., Zhang, H. C., 2001. Design for manufacture and design for ‘X’: concepts, applications, and perspectives. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 41(3), 241-260. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-8352(01)00045-6
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  32. Louda, P., 2007. Applications of thin coatings in automotive industry. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 24 (1).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  33. Maltzman, R., Rembis, K. M., Donisi, M., Farley, F., Sanchez, R. C., Ho, A. Y., 2005. Design for Networks-The Ultimate Design for X. Bell Labs Technical Journal, 9(4), 5-23. DOI: 10.1002/bltj.20057
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  34. Mayyas, A., Qattawi, A., Omar, M., Shan, D., 2012. Design for sustainability in automotive industry: A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(4), 1845-1862. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.012
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  35. Mesa, J. A., 2023. Design for circularity and durability: an integrated approach from DFX guidelines. Res Engineering Design, 34, 443-460. DOI:10.1007/s00163-023-00419-1
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  36. Morris, A., Halpern, M., Setchi, R., Prickett, P., 2015. Assessing the challenges of managing product design change through-life, Journal of Engineering Design, 27, 25-49. DOI: 10.1080/09544828.2015.1085498.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  37. Naiju, C. D., 2021. DFMA for product designers: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46 (17), 7473–7478. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.134
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  38. Pacana, A., Czerwińska, K., 2020. Improving the quality level in the automotive industry. Production Engineering Archives, 26, 162-166. DOI: 10.30657/pea.2020.26.29
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  39. Pastor, L. R., Mesa, J. A., 2023. Proposing an integrated indicator to measure product repairability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 395(136434). DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136434
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  40. Pellegrini, F., 2020. An armored truck cab design – case study: investigation of selected steel grades. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Degree Project in Materials Science and Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden, 162 p.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  41. Rosenqvist, M., L. Lindkvist, K. Wärmefjord, Söderberg, R., 2024. Simulation of variation for manual assembly when mis-constraining occurs. Journal of Engineering Design, 35(1), 54-88. DOI: 10.1080/09544828.2023.2290925
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  42. Sanches Jr., L. M., M. S. Filho and G. F. Batalha., 2008. Automotive body-in-white dimensional stability through pre-control application in the sub-assembly process. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 31(2).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  43. Sarvankar, S. G., Yewale, S. N., 2019. Additive Manufacturing in Automobile Industry. IJRAME, International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering 7(4), 01–10.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  44. Sassaneli, C., Urbinati, A., Rosa, P., Chiaroni, D., Terzi, S., 2020. Addressing circular economy through design for X approaches: A systematic literature review. Computers in Industry, 120 (103245). DOI: 10.1016/j.compind.2020.103245
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  45. Shim, G.-I., Kim, S.-H., Ahn, D.-L., Park, J.-K, Jin, D.-H., Chung D.-T., Choi, S.-Y., 2016. Experimental and numerical evaluation of transparent bulletproof material for enhanced impact-energy absorption using strengthened-glass/polymer composite. Composites Part B: Engineering, 97, 150-161. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.04.078
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  46. Suresh, P., Ramabalan, S., Natarajan, U., 2015. Integration of DFE and DFMA for the sustainable development of an automotive component. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 9(2), 107-118. DOI: 10.1080/19397038.2015.1096313
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  47. Stylidis, K., Wickman, C., Söderberg, R., 2020. Perceived quality of products: a framework and attributes ranking method. Journal of Engineering Design, 31 (1), 37–67. DOI: 10.1080/09544828.2019.1669769
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  48. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office., 2010. Fact #621: Gross vehicle weight vs. empty vehicle weight. https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/fact-621-may-3-2010-gross-vehicle-weight-vs-empty-vehicle-weight.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2025.31.19 | Journal eISSN: 2353-7779 | Journal ISSN: 2353-5156
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 190 - 200
Submitted on: Jan 19, 2025
Accepted on: Mar 23, 2025
Published on: May 27, 2025
Published by: Quality and Production Managers Association
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Quality engineering,
Automotive industry,
Ballistic protection,
DfA2,
Design for Assembly and Armoring
Related subjects:
Business and economics,
Business management,
Business management, other,
Engineering,
Mechanical engineering,
Production technology,
Process engineering and industrial engineering,
Materials sciences,
Materials sciences, other

© 2025 Paulo Carlos Kaminski, Guido Muzio Candido, published by Quality and Production Managers Association
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 31 (2025): Issue 2 (June 2025)Next article