Contribution of the Open Access Modality to the Impact of Hybrid Journals Controlling by Field and Time Effects

Dorta-González, Pablo; Dorta-González, María Isabel

doi:10.2478/jdis-2022-0007

Figures & Tables

Scatter plot for cites per article in both hybrid modalities. Average across all citation years for the 200 hybrid journals in the sample. Bubble size proportional to OA prevalence.

Box and whisker plot (without outliers) for the distribution of cites per article by hybrid modality and year of citation. Average in the citation years for the 200 hybrid journals in the sample.

OA citation advantage in relation to the best CiteScore percentile. We use the term “Best percentile” because a journal may be assigned to several subject fields and have different percentiles in each of them.

Description of the subject areas in the study_

Subject Area	Research Articles in 2017

	OA Hybrid	%	Other modalities^*	%	Total
Arts & Humanities	2,821	3.7%	74,458	96.3%	77,279
Economics, Econometrics & Finance	1,097	2.5%	43,376	97.5%	44,473
Medicine	23,243	4.6%	485,260	95.4%	508,503
Physics & Astronomy	6,635	2.7%	237,666	97.3%	244,301
Aggregate Areas	33,796	3.9%	840,760	96.1%	874,556
Scopus database	69,093	3.4%	1,951,700	96.6%	2,020,793
%	48.9%		43.1%		43.3%

Median of the OA citation advantage_

Subject Area	Median OA Citation Advantage

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2017–2020
Arts & Humanities	38.9%	62.9%	31.8%	44.1%	49.4%
Economics, Econometrics & Finance	41.8%	37.9%	24.2%	45.8%	39.0%
Medicine	29.2%	32.1%	31.5%	28.0%	26.9%
Physics & Astronomy	30.5%	30.0%	30.7%	24.8%	27.9%
Aggregate areas					36.8%

j_jdis-2022-0007_apptab_001

Journal	Best CiteScore Percentile 2017	Modality	Research Articles 2017	%	Cites 2017	Cites 2018	Cites 2019	Cites 2020	Total Cites	Cites per Article	OA Citation Advantage
Arts and Humanities
Anales de Literatura Hispanoamericana	29	Paywalled	20	43.5%	0	1	0	0	1	0.05	53.8%
Anales de Literatura Hispanoamericana	29	OA	26	56.5%	0	0	1	1	2	0.08	53.8%
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences	94	Paywalled	102	90.3%	86	157	202	217	662	6.49	44.3%
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences	94	OA	11	9.7%	11	27	26	39	103	9.36	44.3%
Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia	56	Paywalled	12	27.9%	0	2	5	6	13	1.08	37.0%
Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia	56	OA	31	72.1%	2	10	14	20	46	1.48	37.0%
Archaeometry	99	Paywalled	64	88.9%	35	62	85	83	265	4.14	69.1%
Archaeometry	99	OA	8	11.1%	3	21	14	18	56	7.00	69.1%
Archives of Design Research	16	Paywalled	14	29.2%	0	1	2	1	4	0.29	219.1%
Archives of Design Research	16	OA	34	70.8%	1	8	12	10	31	0.91	219.1%
Archives of Sexual Behavior	91	Paywalled	197	94.7%	274	484	692	727	2,177	11.05	20.1%
Archives of Sexual Behavior	91	OA	11	5.3%	10	30	45	61	146	13.27	20.1%
Artnodes	69	Paywalled	11	47.8%	0	0	3	1	4	0.36	−118.2%
Artnodes	69	OA	12	52.2%	0	0	1	1	2	0.17	−118.2%
Attention Perception and Psychophysics	94	Paywalled	177	88.9%	61	261	350	363	1,035	5.85	61.7%
Attention Perception and Psychophysics	94	OA	22	11.1%	22	52	69	65	208	9.45	61.7%
Behavior Research Methods	95	Paywalled	132	82.0%	132	416	654	850	2,052	15.55	71.9%
Behavior Research Methods	95	OA	29	18.0%	52	163	225	335	775	26.72	71.9%
Bioethics	96	Paywalled	59	89.4%	39	109	111	112	371	6.29	61.3%
Bioethics	96	OA	7	10.6%	11	21	23	16	71	10.14	61.3%
Biology and Philosophy	96	Paywalled	48	85.7%	21	51	68	100	240	5.00	122.5%
Biology and Philosophy	96	OA	8	14.3%	15	28	25	21	89	11.13	122.5%
Brain and Cognition	92	Paywalled	96	93.2%	56	205	302	348	911	9.49	116.8%
Brain and Cognition	92	OA	7	6.8%	26	40	34	44	144	20.57	116.8%
Brain and Language	98	Paywalled	97	94.2%	62	241	267	310	880	9.07	8.4%
Brain and Language	98	OA	6	5.8%	2	19	18	20	59	9.83	8.4%
Cognition	99	Paywalled	222	91.0%	173	632	822	889	2,516	11.33	24.3%
Cognition	99	OA	22	9.0%	20	82	95	113	310	14.09	24.3%
Cognition and Emotion	86	Paywalled	141	91.0%	151	318	419	480	1,368	9.70	9.0%
Cognition and Emotion	86	OA	14	9.0%	19	21	43	65	148	10.57	9.0%
Computers in Human Behavior	97	Paywalled	634	95.6%	715	2,976	5,094	6,609	15,394	24.28	45.9%
Computers in Human Behavior	97	OA	29	4.4%	39	207	344	437	1,027	35.41	45.9%
Contemporary British History	87	Paywalled	19	70.4%	4	3	9	10	26	1.37	146.6%
Contemporary British History	87	OA	8	29.6%	5	9	5	8	27	3.38	146.6%
Cultural and Social History	75	Paywalled	30	81.1%	3	4	4	12	23	0.77	105.0%
Cultural and Social History	75	OA	7	18.9%	0	3	6	2	11	1.57	105.0%
Design Journal	35	Paywalled	45	9.9%	5	17	34	39	95	2.11	−12.3%
Design Journal	35	OA	410	90.1%	3	136	259	373	771	1.88	−12.3%
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice	76	Paywalled	41	69.5%	5	17	27	35	84	2.05	79.0%
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice	76	OA	18	30.5%	3	12	21	30	66	3.67	79.0%
Evolution and Human Behavior	96	Paywalled	79	91.9%	90	195	282	353	920	11.65	−35.9%
Evolution and Human Behavior	96	OA	7	8.1%	6	17	16	21	60	8.57	−35.9%
Gender Place and Culture	97	Paywalled	97	92.4%	30	123	212	276	641	6.61	72.1%
Gender Place and Culture	97	OA	8	7.6%	1	20	20	50	91	11.38	72.1%
Human Ecology	93	Paywalled	58	85.3%	14	56	107	103	280	4.83	9.8%
Human Ecology	93	OA	10	14.7%	1	12	13	27	53	5.30	9.8%
International Journal of Audiology	95	Paywalled	107	89.9%	44	151	233	209	637	5.95	−197.7%
International Journal of Audiology	95	OA	12	10.1%	6	20	20	20	24	2.00	−197.7%
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies	48	Paywalled	11	57.9%	12	1	10	8	31	2.82	−32.6%
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies	48	OA	8	42.1%	0	5	8	4	17	2.13	−32.6%
Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics	98	Paywalled	34	79.1%	6	35	63	56	160	4.71	41.7%
Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics	98	OA	9	20.9%	14	11	17	18	60	6.67	41.7%
Journal of Archaeological Science	99	Paywalled	105	91.3%	107	275	350	429	1,161	11.06	20.3%
Journal of Archaeological Science	99	OA	10	8.7%	17	32	44	40	133	13.30	20.3%
Journal of Archaeological Science Reports	80	Paywalled	379	95.9%	177	545	737	806	2,265	5.98	74.6%
Journal of Archaeological Science Reports	80	OA	16	4.1%	11	42	49	65	167	10.44	74.6%
Journal of Business Ethics	97	Paywalled	300	92.6%	345	953	1,772	2,610	5,680	18.93	−23.5%
Journal of Business Ethics	97	OA	24	7.4%	27	82	108	151	368	15.33	−23.5%
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies	89	Paywalled	124	83.8%	126	213	338	457	1,134	9.15	82.2%
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies	89	OA	24	16.2%	49	79	103	169	400	16.67	82.2%
Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability	62	Paywalled	30	78.9%	15	31	34	54	134	4.47	95.9%
Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability	62	OA	8	21.1%	8	17	23	22	70	8.75	95.9%
Journal of Medical Ethics	90	Paywalled	113	80.1%	82	200	218	221	721	6.38	44.4%
Journal of Medical Ethics	90	OA	28	19.9%	28	69	70	91	258	9.21	44.4%
Journal of Memory and Language	98	Paywalled	88	87.1%	97	311	346	428	1,182	13.43	152.6%
Journal of Memory and Language	98	OA	13	12.9%	20	98	128	195	441	33.92	152.6%
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research	76	Paywalled	79	87.8%	15	42	54	93	204	2.58	61.9%
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research	76	OA	11	12.2%	8	12	13	13	46	4.18	61.9%
Journal of Religion and Health	98	Paywalled	163	93.7%	75	155	215	263	708	4.34	151.2%
Journal of Religion and Health	98	OA	11	6.3%	7	34	31	48	120	10.91	151.2%
Journal of Southern African Studies	59	Paywalled	59	85.5%	9	39	50	46	144	2.44	457.2%
Journal of Southern African Studies	59	OA	10	14.5%	35	25	31	45	136	13.60	457.2%
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America	71	Paywalled	805	93.2%	322	1,364	1,850	1,642	5,178	6.43	24.6%
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America	71	OA	59	6.8%	28	120	167	158	473	8.02	24.6%
Journal of World Prehistory	98	Paywalled	5	41.7%	2	18	20	28	68	13.60	−58.7%
Journal of World Prehistory	98	OA	7	58.3%	6	17	16	21	60	8.57	−58.7%
Law and Philosophy	78	Paywalled	12	63.2%	2	12	5	3	22	1.83	375.3%
Law and Philosophy	78	OA	7	36.8%	0	15	22	24	61	8.71	375.3%
Medical Humanities	85	Paywalled	81	88.0%	11	23	35	49	118	1.46	268.2%
Medical Humanities	85	OA	11	12.0%	11	11	14	23	59	5.36	268.2%
Memory	75	Paywalled	123	92.5%	69	172	253	251	745	6.06	7.3%
Memory	75	OA	10	7.5%	6	14	27	18	65	6.50	7.3%
Memory and Cognition	83	Paywalled	93	90.3%	47	149	185	239	620	6.67	53.0%
Memory and Cognition	83	OA	10	9.7%	12	23	23	44	102	10.20	53.0%
Neophilologus	63	Paywalled	35	81.4%	1	2	3	11	17	0.49	2.9%
Neophilologus	63	OA	8	18.6%	0	0	1	3	4	0.50	2.9%
Philosophia United States	63	Paywalled	105	84.7%	9	27	63	60	159	1.51	−43.9%
Philosophia United States	63	OA	19	15.3%	0	3	6	11	20	1.05	−43.9%
Philosophical Explorations	79	Paywalled	23	59.0%	4	15	28	35	82	3.57	10.4%
Philosophical Explorations	79	OA	16	41.0%	2	17	22	22	63	3.94	10.4%
Philosophical Studies	92	Paywalled	162	92.0%	46	113	192	238	589	3.64	−121.3%
Philosophical Studies	92	OA	14	8.0%	1	7	1	14	23	1.64	−121.3%
Philosophy and Technology	92	Paywalled	14	56.0%	6	17	18	33	74	5.29	268.1%
Philosophy and Technology	92	OA	11	44.0%	17	41	75	81	214	19.45	268.1%
Political Geography	99	Paywalled	72	83.7%	39	143	233	295	710	9.86	70.9%
Political Geography	99	OA	14	16.3%	15	51	79	91	236	16.86	70.9%
Review of Philosophy and Psychology	94	Paywalled	33	80.5%	14	27	42	60	143	4.33	44.2%
Review of Philosophy and Psychology	94	OA	8	19.5%	7	18	9	16	50	6.25	44.2%
Synthese	90	Paywalled	209	88.2%	42	139	203	290	674	3.22	80.5%
Synthese	90	OA	28	11.8%	19	38	47	59	163	5.82	80.5%
Economics, Econometrics & Finance
Applied Economics	47	Paywalled	410	97.9%	98	336	561	752	1,747	4.26	158.2%
Applied Economics	47	OA	9	2.1%	10	21	19	49	99	11.00	158.2%
Applied Economics Letters	36	Paywalled	307	97.5%	71	157	286	332	846	2.76	−10.2%
Applied Economics Letters	36	OA	8	2.5%	1	7	3	9	20	2.50	−10.2%
Applied Health Economics and Health Policy	83	Paywalled	49	89.1%	21	74	84	114	293	5.98	58.9%
Applied Health Economics and Health Policy	83	OA	6	10.9%	9	10	22	16	57	9.50	58.9%
Computational Economics	72	Paywalled	54	91.5%	19	42	66	68	195	3.61	32.9%
Computational Economics	72	OA	5	8.5%	4	7	5	8	24	4.80	32.9%
Ecological Economics	92	Paywalled	266	92.4%	255	953	1,330	1,654	4,192	15.76	14.8%
Ecological Economics	92	OA	22	7.6%	29	96	123	150	398	18.09	14.8%
Economic Geography	98	Paywalled	15	75.0%	15	64	89	100	268	17.87	73.5%
Economic Geography	98	OA	5	25.0%	7	24	52	72	155	31.00	73.5%
Economic Journal	91	Paywalled	105	87.5%	99	218	323	422	1,062	10.11	−3.2%
Economic Journal	91	OA	15	12.5%	9	29	49	60	147	9.80	−3.2%
Economic Theory	68	Paywalled	59	86.8%	35	44	53	76	208	3.53	−98.3%
Economic Theory	68	OA	9	13.2%	7	1	3	5	16	1.78	−98.3%
Economics Letters	53	Paywalled	390	95.6%	53	356	761	859	2,029	5.20	−73.4%
Economics Letters	53	OA	18	4.4%	5	11	14	24	54	3.00	−73.4%
Economist Netherlands	43	Paywalled	10	52.6%	8	4	9	5	26	2.60	−290.0%
Economist Netherlands	43	OA	9	47.4%	4	0	2	0	6	0.67	−290.0%
Empirical Economics	64	Paywalled	126	90.6%	27	133	173	241	574	4.56	−23.4%
Empirical Economics	64	OA	13	9.4%	4	4	14	26	48	3.69	−23.4%
Energy Economics	93	Paywalled	342	96.9%	333	1,352	2,193	2,966	6,844	20.01	−53.9%
Energy Economics	93	OA	11	3.1%	8	31	50	54	143	13.00	−53.9%
Environmental and Resource Economics	81	Paywalled	95	84.8%	80	167	279	303	829	8.73	52.3%
Environmental and Resource Economics	81	OA	17	15.2%	28	49	62	87	226	13.29	52.3%
European Journal of Health Economics	95	Paywalled	53	65.4%	55	98	130	156	439	8.28	−13.7%
European Journal of Health Economics	95	OA	28	34.6%	13	58	49	84	204	7.29	−13.7%
Experimental Economics	94	Paywalled	35	83.3%	16	56	74	71	217	6.20	49.8%
Experimental Economics	94	OA	7	16.7%	7	17	25	16	65	9.29	49.8%
Finance and Stochastics	87	Paywalled	20	62.5%	6	28	32	29	95	4.75	166.7%
Finance and Stochastics	87	OA	12	37.5%	4	26	49	73	152	12.67	166.7%
Fiscal Studies	82	Paywalled	18	75.0%	11	20	29	47	107	5.94	31.8%
Fiscal Studies	82	OA	6	25.0%	6	6	13	22	47	7.83	31.8%
Food Policy	98	Paywalled	79	72.5%	49	203	312	398	962	12.18	142.8%
Food Policy	98	OA	30	27.5%	60	160	269	398	887	29.57	142.8%
Forest Policy and Economics	92	Paywalled	148	94.3%	198	447	518	604	1,767	11.94	136.4%
Forest Policy and Economics	92	OA	9	5.7%	29	60	87	78	254	28.22	136.4%
Global Policy	74	Paywalled	126	95.5%	72	123	172	218	585	4.64	215.9%
Global Policy	74	OA	6	4.5%	12	19	28	29	88	14.67	215.9%
Globalizations	88	Paywalled	74	91.4%	73	121	146	163	503	6.80	114.4%
Globalizations	88	OA	7	8.6%	5	25	28	44	102	14.57	114.4%
Internat Environmental Agreements Politics Law and Economics	91	Paywalled	37	80.4%	31	52	68	68	219	5.92	237.9%
	91	OA	9	19.6%	20	35	61	64	180	20.00	237.9%
International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability	80	Paywalled	43	87.8%	29	83	120	171	403	9.37	63.6%
International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability	80	OA	6	12.2%	2	16	35	39	92	15.33	63.6%
International Journal of Game Theory	54	Paywalled	47	90.4%	9	31	30	33	103	2.19	−265.2%
International Journal of Game Theory	54	OA	5	9.6%	0	1	0	2	3	0.60	−265.2%
International Journal of Production Economics	98	Paywalled	281	96.6%	331	1,284	2,207	2,930	6,752	24.03	81.5%
International Journal of Production Economics	98	OA	10	3.4%	7	80	121	228	436	43.60	81.5%
Journal of Common Market Studies	96	Paywalled	91	94.8%	70	198	256	298	822	9.03	6.3%
Journal of Common Market Studies	96	OA	5	5.2%	4	15	8	21	48	9.60	6.3%
Journal of Development Economics	92	Paywalled	65	91.5%	32	138	213	319	702	10.80	49.7%
Journal of Development Economics	92	OA	6	8.5%	4	17	34	42	97	16.17	49.7%
Journal of Econometrics	82	Paywalled	119	95.2%	67	155	269	403	894	7.51	39.8%
Journal of Econometrics	82	OA	6	4.8%	8	10	15	30	63	10.50	39.8%
Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization	75	Paywalled	221	96.5%	53	266	463	635	1,417	6.41	56.0%
Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization	75	OA	8	3.5%	4	18	16	42	80	10.00	56.0%
Journal of Economic Inequality	86	Paywalled	14	73.7%	2	12	30	29	73	5.21	−37.2%
Journal of Economic Inequality	86	OA	5	26.3%	4	2	5	8	19	3.80	−37.2%
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management	90	Paywalled	71	91.0%	85	259	392	571	1,307	18.41	−23.9%
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management	90	OA	7	9.0%	11	27	35	31	104	14.86	−23.9%
Journal of International Economics	90	Paywalled	81	87.1%	30	142	225	349	746	9.21	109.9%
Journal of International Economics	90	OA	12	12.9%	9	38	71	114	232	19.33	109.9%
Journal of International Money and Finance	88	Paywalled	116	95.9%	52	187	316	499	1,054	9.09	21.1%
Journal of International Money and Finance	88	OA	5	4.1%	5	7	16	27	55	11.00	21.1%
Journal of Public Economics	89	Paywalled	113	95.0%	47	184	333	449	1,013	8.96	45.0%
Journal of Public Economics	89	OA	6	5.0%	7	15	18	38	78	13.00	45.0%
Journal of Risk and Uncertainty	82	Paywalled	11	52.4%	1	17	26	22	66	6.00	38.3%
Journal of Risk and Uncertainty	82	OA	10	47.6%	0	18	27	38	83	8.30	38.3%
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science	99	Paywalled	45	90.0%	125	320	663	1,045	2,153	47.84	20.0%
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science	99	OA	5	10.0%	13	41	84	149	287	57.40	20.0%
Journal of the European Economic Association	98	Paywalled	31	86.1%	24	69	144	201	438	14.13	−13.9%
Journal of the European Economic Association	98	OA	5	13.9%	1	16	18	27	62	12.40	−13.9%
Labour Economics	69	Paywalled	78	92.9%	31	80	150	247	508	6.51	15.2%
Labour Economics	69	OA	6	7.1%	3	7	15	20	45	7.50	15.2%
Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences	52	Paywalled	21	80.8%	2	9	22	22	55	2.62	37.5%
Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences	52	OA	5	19.2%	3	2	2	11	18	3.60	37.5%
Marine Policy	96	Paywalled	304	90.2%	158	689	964	1,022	2,833	9.32	171.2%
Marine Policy	96	OA	33	9.8%	47	204	266	317	834	25.27	171.2%
Public Choice	71	Paywalled	60	84.5%	14	36	57	83	190	3.17	37.8%
Public Choice	71	OA	11	15.5%	2	8	18	20	48	4.36	37.8%
Quantitative Finance	87	Paywalled	109	95.6%	36	123	175	209	543	4.98	56.6%
Quantitative Finance	87	OA	5	4.4%	4	7	14	14	39	7.80	56.6%
Resources Policy	96	Paywalled	121	92.4%	88	369	594	755	1,806	14.93	60.1%
Resources Policy	96	OA	10	7.6%	8	46	94	91	239	23.90	60.1%
Review of Income and Wealth	72	Paywalled	56	88.9%	19	58	91	84	252	4.50	166.7%
Review of Income and Wealth	72	OA	7	11.1%	3	15	27	39	84	12.00	166.7%
Review of International Political Economy	99	Paywalled	27	79.4%	9	42	73	99	223	8.26	86.8%
Review of International Political Economy	99	OA	7	20.6%	14	20	32	42	108	15.43	86.8%
Small Business Economics	96	Paywalled	80	80.8%	54	200	479	623	1,356	16.95	36.6%
Small Business Economics	96	OA	19	19.2%	19	64	141	216	440	23.16	36.6%
Social Choice and Welfare	54	Paywalled	64	87.7%	29	56	79	72	236	3.69	228.4%
Social Choice and Welfare	54	OA	9	12.3%	14	23	29	43	109	12.11	228.4%
Technological and Economic Development of Economy	93	Paywalled	22	48.9%	27	63	82	76	248	11.27	−36.5%
Technological and Economic Development of Economy	93	OA	23	51.1%	24	54	57	55	190	8.26	−36.5%
Theory and Decision	70	Paywalled	50	83.3%	6	18	44	61	129	2.58	24.0%
Theory and Decision	70	OA	10	16.7%	1	7	10	14	32	3.20	24.0%
World Development	97	Paywalled	252	88.1%	203	746	1,180	1,591	3,720	14.76	74.1%
World Development	97	OA	34	11.9%	35	185	266	388	874	25.71	74.1%
Medicine
Advances in Therapy	67	Paywalled	51	38.6%	26	111	113	133	383	7.51	66.4%
Advances in Therapy	67	OA	81	61.4%	68	254	358	332	1,012	12.49	66.4%
American Journal of Cardiology	82	Paywalled	626	94.0%	339	1,521	1,853	1,857	5,570	8.90	64.9%
American Journal of Cardiology	82	OA	40	6.0%	47	158	202	180	587	14.68	64.9%
American Journal of Preventive Medicine	97	Paywalled	237	79.5%	250	745	1,054	1,190	3,239	13.67	18.4%
American Journal of Preventive Medicine	97	OA	61	20.5%	56	198	332	401	987	16.18	18.4%
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	66	Paywalled	414	83.6%	156	678	869	1,022	2,725	6.58	73.3%
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	66	OA	81	16.4%	59	231	286	348	924	11.41	73.3%
Annals of Oncology	98	Paywalled	244	82.4%	572	2,345	3,436	4,319	10,672	43.74	10.1%
Annals of Oncology	98	OA	52	17.6%	183	656	875	791	2,505	48.17	10.1%
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases	99	Paywalled	179	66.8%	917	2,359	3,031	3,113	9,420	52.63	1.9%
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases	99	OA	89	33.2%	593	1,378	1,364	1,437	4,772	53.62	1.9%
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy	92	Paywalled	751	85.2%	821	3,242	4,134	4,284	12,481	16.62	31.7%
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy	92	OA	130	14.8%	200	787	937	921	2,845	21.88	31.7%
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine	93	Paywalled	47	30.7%	14	62	123	155	354	7.53	−6.9%
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine	93	OA	106	69.3%	26	163	245	313	747	7.05	−6.9%
BMJ Online	98	Paywalled	186	59.6%	172	439	557	542	1,710	9.19	575.7%
BMJ Online	98	OA	126	40.4%	487	1,836	2,410	3,094	7,827	62.12	575.7%
Brain	98	Paywalled	178	74.8%	376	1,512	2,020	2,203	6,111	34.33	21.6%
Brain	98	OA	60	25.2%	173	642	781	908	2,504	41.73	21.6%
Brain Structure and Function	93	Paywalled	200	78.1%	290	676	756	827	2,549	12.75	−4.5%
Brain Structure and Function	93	OA	56	21.9%	67	182	210	224	683	12.20	−4.5%
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment	77	Paywalled	298	83.0%	251	810	1,110	1,220	3,391	11.38	39.7%
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment	77	OA	61	17.0%	50	244	312	364	970	15.90	39.7%
British Journal of Dermatology	97	Paywalled	219	84.2%	473	833	994	1,059	3,359	15.34	94.8%
British Journal of Dermatology	97	OA	41	15.8%	133	317	358	417	1,225	29.88	94.8%
Cancer Science	76	Paywalled	103	40.4%	26	307	456	527	1,316	12.78	25.6%
Cancer Science	76	OA	152	59.6%	184	646	765	845	2,440	16.05	25.6%
Cell Systems	91	Paywalled	51	54.8%	49	233	367	437	1,086	21.29	48.3%
Cell Systems	91	OA	42	45.2%	90	298	434	504	1,326	31.57	48.3%
Clinical Infectious Diseases	97	Paywalled	427	80.4%	842	2,640	3,269	3,264	10,015	23.45	−9.9%
Clinical Infectious Diseases	97	OA	104	19.6%	254	540	715	710	2,219	21.34	−9.9%
Clinical Therapeutics	80	Paywalled	110	72.8%	98	191	273	294	856	7.78	27.3%
Clinical Therapeutics	80	OA	41	27.2%	25	96	140	145	406	9.90	27.3%
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism	95	Paywalled	145	71.8%	285	815	911	918	2,929	20.20	18.9%
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism	95	OA	57	28.2%	164	407	401	397	1,369	24.02	18.9%
European Heart Journal	99	Paywalled	299	86.7%	1,035	2,633	3,219	3,599	10,486	35.07	85.6%
European Heart Journal	99	OA	46	13.3%	302	769	925	998	2,994	65.09	85.6%
European Radiology	91	Paywalled	485	84.8%	568	1,784	2,014	2,111	6,477	13.35	48.3%
European Radiology	91	OA	87	15.2%	132	448	546	597	1,723	19.80	48.3%
Health Policy and Planning	87	Paywalled	116	70.7%	90	200	292	448	1,030	8.88	18.0%
Health Policy and Planning	87	OA	48	29.3%	47	108	169	179	503	10.48	18.0%
Human Brain Mapping	96	Paywalled	377	90.4%	384	1,402	1,876	2,061	5,723	15.18	113.1%
Human Brain Mapping	96	OA	40	9.6%	76	289	434	495	1,294	32.35	113.1%
Human Molecular Genetics	91	Paywalled	322	80.7%	283	1,219	1,592	1,853	4,947	15.36	14.7%
Human Molecular Genetics	91	OA	77	19.3%	84	345	464	464	1,357	17.62	14.7%
Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics	57	Paywalled	211	75.6%	93	385	485	564	1,527	7.24	23.1%
Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics	57	OA	68	24.4%	37	150	202	217	606	8.91	23.1%
Infection and Immunity	85	Paywalled	240	86.0%	207	687	868	915	2,677	11.15	2.1%
Infection and Immunity	85	OA	39	14.0%	43	98	150	153	444	11.38	2.1%
International Journal of Cancer	93	Paywalled	430	90.0%	578	1,880	2,275	2,441	7,174	16.68	65.2%
International Journal of Cancer	93	OA	48	10.0%	67	341	420	495	1,323	27.56	65.2%
International Journal of Cardiology	69	Paywalled	1104	94.6%	1,024	2,893	3,223	3,478	10,618	9.62	51.3%
International Journal of Cardiology	69	OA	63	5.4%	89	220	273	335	917	14.56	51.3%
International Journal of Epidemiology	90	Paywalled	176	72.1%	291	820	1,270	1,500	3,881	22.05	91.7%
International Journal of Epidemiology	90	OA	68	27.9%	187	575	893	1,220	2,875	42.28	91.7%
International Journal of Oncology	74	Paywalled	273	69.5%	195	750	890	1,094	2,929	10.73	39.6%
International Journal of Oncology	74	OA	120	30.5%	102	427	595	673	1,797	14.98	39.6%
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology	93	Paywalled	394	85.3%	1,241	2,946	3,189	3,393	10,769	27.33	17.2%
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology	93	OA	68	14.7%	276	582	654	667	2,179	32.04	17.2%
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy	95	Paywalled	439	89.8%	612	1,878	2,326	2,393	7,209	16.42	47.6%
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy	95	OA	50	10.2%	75	288	438	411	1,212	24.24	47.6%
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism	99	Paywalled	407	88.9%	438	1,987	2,582	2,746	7,753	19.05	−3.2%
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism	99	OA	51	11.1%	40	249	324	328	941	18.45	−3.2%
Journal of Clinical Microbiology	86	Paywalled	269	81.0%	291	1,199	1,491	1,486	4,467	16.61	8.0%
Journal of Clinical Microbiology	86	OA	63	19.0%	94	342	371	323	1,130	17.94	8.0%
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health	94	Paywalled	95	66.9%	58	239	355	402	1,054	11.09	49.4%
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health	94	OA	47	33.1%	46	180	232	321	779	16.57	49.4%
Journal of Infectious Diseases	95	Paywalled	369	76.9%	508	1,648	2,129	2,246	6,531	17.70	−20.1%
Journal of Infectious Diseases	95	OA	111	23.1%	162	427	527	520	1,636	14.74	−20.1%
Journal of Investigative Dermatology	98	Paywalled	280	87.2%	418	1,043	1,319	1,479	4,259	15.21	11.6%
Journal of Investigative Dermatology	98	OA	41	12.8%	54	196	199	247	696	16.98	11.6%
Journal of Neurology	84	Paywalled	204	82.6%	188	591	767	921	2,467	12.09	27.9%
Journal of Neurology	84	OA	43	17.4%	45	155	216	249	665	15.47	27.9%
Journal of the American College of Cardiology	99	Paywalled	235	85.1%	1,184	4,061	4,837	5,286	15,368	65.40	48.3%
Journal of the American College of Cardiology	99	OA	41	14.9%	292	1,045	1,159	1,479	3,975	96.95	48.3%
Lancet	99	Paywalled	137	72.9%	1,904	6,006	7,701	8,435	24,046	175.52	96.0%
Lancet	99	OA	51	27.1%	829	3,994	5,907	6,819	17,549	344.10	96.0%
Leukemia	97	Paywalled	191	78.3%	602	1,305	1,346	1,473	4,726	24.74	47.5%
Leukemia	97	OA	53	21.7%	202	529	603	600	1,934	36.49	47.5%
Magnetic Resonance In Medicine	92	Paywalled	419	88.4%	597	1,443	1,677	1,617	5,334	12.73	17.1%
Magnetic Resonance In Medicine	92	OA	55	11.6%	104	228	243	245	820	14.91	17.1%
Molecular Medicine Reports	39	Paywalled	904	49.7%	199	1,197	1,646	2,150	5,192	5.74	26.0%
Molecular Medicine Reports	39	OA	915	50.3%	250	1,508	2,232	2,634	6,624	7.24	26.0%
Molecular Psychiatry	99	Paywalled	113	70.6%	397	862	1,041	1,136	3,436	30.41	63.9%
Molecular Psychiatry	99	OA	47	29.4%	283	592	714	754	2,343	49.85	63.9%
Oncology Reports	65	Paywalled	609	74.4%	431	1,595	2,104	2,555	6,685	10.98	21.0%
Oncology Reports	65	OA	210	25.6%	108	656	917	1,108	2,789	13.28	21.0%
Pharmaceutical Biology	79	Paywalled	224	81.2%	161	549	718	879	2,307	10.30	−4.8%
Pharmaceutical Biology	79	OA	52	18.8%	56	134	157	164	511	9.83	−4.8%
Psychological Medicine	97	Paywalled	176	81.9%	204	664	938	1,166	2,972	16.89	26.6%
Psychological Medicine	97	OA	39	18.1%	41	210	253	330	834	21.38	26.6%
Quality of Life Research	86	Paywalled	240	85.1%	116	424	662	764	1,966	8.19	6.4%
Quality of Life Research	86	OA	42	14.9%	16	64	118	168	366	8.71	6.4%
Supportive Care in Cancer	61	Paywalled	333	88.6%	240	779	948	1189	3,156	9.48	9.4%
Supportive Care in Cancer	61	OA	43	11.4%	31	97	139	179	446	10.37	9.4%
Surgical Endoscopy	91	Paywalled	604	92.9%	494	1,680	2,017	2,638	6,829	11.31	30.6%
Surgical Endoscopy	91	OA	46	7.1%	51	170	185	273	679	14.76	30.6%
Vaccine	99	Paywalled	631	73.4%	366	1,512	1,853	2,001	5,732	9.08	38.8%
Vaccine	99	OA	229	26.6%	198	811	937	942	2,888	12.61	38.8%
Physics and Astronomy
2d Materials	95	Paywalled	244	82.4%	552	1,486	1,764	1,881	5,683	23.29	39.0%
2d Materials	95	OA	52	17.6%	155	463	548	517	1,683	32.37	39.0%
ACS Nano	99	Paywalled	1228	95.1%	2,938	15,752	20,346	20,317	59,353	48.33	−42.5%
ACS Nano	99	OA	63	4.9%	108	514	738	777	2,137	33.92	−42.5%
ACS Photonics	95	Paywalled	371	95.4%	525	2,393	2,864	2,797	8,579	23.12	3.1%
ACS Photonics	95	OA	18	4.6%	14	119	153	143	429	23.83	3.1%
Advanced Functional Materials	97	Paywalled	779	96.9%	2,219	11,199	14,744	14,737	42,899	55.07	−46.3%
Advanced Functional Materials	97	OA	25	3.1%	56	241	304	340	941	37.64	−46.3%
Advanced Optical Materials	95	Paywalled	288	94.7%	402	1,814	2,404	2,444	7,064	24.53	−7.8%
Advanced Optical Materials	95	OA	16	5.3%	30	103	121	110	364	22.75	−7.8%
Applied Physics B Lasers and Optics	78	Paywalled	248	86.4%	131	444	519	435	1,529	6.17	71.8%
Applied Physics B Lasers and Optics	78	OA	39	13.6%	43	120	129	121	413	10.59	71.8%
Applied Physics Express	92	Paywalled	310	89.6%	230	909	1,146	1,048	3,333	10.75	−15.5%
Applied Physics Express	92	OA	36	10.4%	26	90	115	104	335	9.31	−15.5%
Astronomical Journal	78	Paywalled	516	96.8%	781	2,803	2,558	2,392	8,534	16.54	52.9%
Astronomical Journal	78	OA	17	3.2%	23	103	143	161	430	25.29	52.9%
Astrophysical Journal Letters	93	Paywalled	513	94.6%	1,167	4,133	4,504	3,953	13,757	26.82	307.5%
Astrophysical Journal Letters	93	OA	29	5.4%	163	972	1,137	897	3,169	109.28	307.5%
Chaos	86	Paywalled	349	94.3%	293	1,007	1,258	1,138	3,696	10.59	−18.3%
Chaos	86	OA	21	5.7%	18	47	63	60	188	8.95	−18.3%
Chinese Physics C	98	Paywalled	163	74.1%	145	455	513	583	1,696	10.40	−31.2%
Chinese Physics C	98	OA	57	25.9%	64	147	124	117	452	7.93	−31.2%
Communications in Mathematical Physics	99	Paywalled	235	89.4%	208	504	593	696	2,001	8.51	27.5%
Communications in Mathematical Physics	99	OA	28	10.6%	28	84	88	104	304	10.86	27.5%
European Physical Journal B	52	Paywalled	235	91.8%	64	290	312	310	976	4.15	44.5%
European Physical Journal B	52	OA	21	8.2%	14	35	43	34	126	6.00	44.5%
European Physical Journal D	47	Paywalled	301	91.8%	153	400	389	370	1,312	4.36	−9.0%
European Physical Journal D	47	OA	27	8.2%	18	37	31	22	108	4.00	−9.0%
Experiments in Fluids	92	Paywalled	136	82.9%	50	283	431	419	1,183	8.70	33.8%
Experiments in Fluids	92	OA	28	17.1%	23	90	95	118	326	11.64	33.8%
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics	76	Paywalled	681	96.3%	212	1,035	1,009	971	3,227	4.74	43.7%
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics	76	OA	26	3.7%	13	47	60	57	177	6.81	43.7%
Journal of Chemical Physics	88	Paywalled	1952	97.0%	1,490	5,331	5,794	5,381	17,996	9.22	35.4%
Journal of Chemical Physics	88	OA	60	3.0%	55	211	241	242	749	12.48	35.4%
Journal of Computational Physics	85	Paywalled	684	95.3%	430	1,807	2,748	2,816	7,801	11.40	16.0%
Journal of Computational Physics	85	OA	34	4.7%	29	110	152	159	450	13.24	16.0%
Journal of Fluid Mechanics	89	Paywalled	736	93.3%	568	2,083	3,053	3,211	8,915	12.11	16.5%
Journal of Fluid Mechanics	89	OA	53	6.7%	53	201	261	233	748	14.11	16.5%
Journal of Instrumentation	68	Paywalled	353	82.5%	124	483	542	492	1,641	4.65	327.6%
Journal of Instrumentation	68	OA	75	17.5%	148	494	489	360	1,491	19.88	327.6%
Journal of Magnetic Resonance	83	Paywalled	183	90.6%	135	462	508	411	1,516	8.28	72.2%
Journal of Magnetic Resonance	83	OA	19	9.4%	13	66	98	94	271	14.26	72.2%
Journal of Nanoparticle Research	80	Paywalled	372	94.9%	119	593	812	733	2,257	6.07	157.1%
Journal of Nanoparticle Research	80	OA	20	5.1%	9	62	116	125	312	15.60	157.1%
Journal of Nuclear Materials	87	Paywalled	531	96.4%	266	1,302	1,552	1,604	4,724	8.90	19.7%
Journal of Nuclear Materials	87	OA	20	3.6%	13	49	76	75	213	10.65	19.7%
Journal of Optics United Kingdom	70	Paywalled	336	91.8%	204	717	807	720	2,448	7.29	−1.7%
Journal of Optics United Kingdom	70	OA	30	8.2%	23	69	61	62	215	7.17	−1.7%
Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical	91	Paywalled	630	97.4%	546	1,199	1,203	1,153	4,101	6.51	28.3%
Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical	91	OA	17	2.6%	12	51	36	43	142	8.35	28.3%
Journal of Physics Condensed Matter	80	Paywalled	770	96.4%	454	1,589	1,925	2,198	6,166	8.01	16.3%
Journal of Physics Condensed Matter	80	OA	29	3.6%	28	81	90	71	270	9.31	16.3%
Journal of Physics D Applied Physics	83	Paywalled	1095	94.4%	685	2,525	3,043	2,890	9,143	8.35	51.3%
Journal of Physics D Applied Physics	83	OA	65	5.6%	80	229	250	262	821	12.63	51.3%
Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics	87	Paywalled	129	80.6%	115	336	281	317	1,049	8.13	15.4%
Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics	87	OA	31	19.4%	16	55	99	121	291	9.39	15.4%
Journal of Quant Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer	84	Paywalled	391	95.6%	503	1,097	1,090	1,149	3,839	9.82	685.9%
Journal of Quant Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer	84	OA	18	4.4%	54	309	472	554	1,389	77.17	685.9%
Journal of Statistical Physics	73	Paywalled	229	92.3%	94	323	366	379	1,162	5.07	16.2%
Journal of Statistical Physics	73	OA	19	7.7%	18	32	25	37	112	5.89	16.2%
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation	95	Paywalled	76	69.1%	36	124	121	156	437	5.75	74.4%
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation	95	OA	34	30.9%	36	87	106	112	341	10.03	74.4%
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America	71	Paywalled	805	93.2%	322	1,364	1,850	1,642	5,178	6.43	24.6%
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America	71	OA	59	6.8%	28	120	167	158	473	8.02	24.6%
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan	63	Paywalled	369	87.0%	152	481	508	390	1,531	4.15	89.3%
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan	63	OA	55	13.0%	27	149	144	112	432	7.85	89.3%
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry	70	Paywalled	793	93.3%	467	1,841	1,954	2,099	6,361	8.02	9.8%
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry	70	OA	57	6.7%	40	145	161	156	502	8.81	9.8%
Measurement Science and Technology	77	Paywalled	460	95.2%	227	803	967	937	2,934	6.38	29.5%
Measurement Science and Technology	77	OA	23	4.8%	17	56	64	53	190	8.26	29.5%
Nano Letters	99	Paywalled	1086	96.1%	2,637	12,267	14,875	14,776	44,555	41.03	−61.2%
Nano Letters	99	OA	44	3.9%	64	337	367	352	1,120	25.45	−61.2%
Nuclear Fusion	87	Paywalled	467	91.4%	637	1,663	1,723	1,518	5,541	11.87	84.8%
Nuclear Fusion	87	OA	44	8.6%	87	270	295	313	965	21.93	84.8%
Nuclear Physics A	75	Paywalled	144	41.9%	192	332	337	329	1,190	8.26	−119.2%
Nuclear Physics A	75	OA	200	58.1%	47	281	242	184	754	3.77	−119.2%
Optical and Quantum Electronics	52	Paywalled	397	94.1%	217	821	787	799	2,624	6.61	−53.0%
Optical and Quantum Electronics	52	OA	25	5.9%	18	33	37	20	108	4.32	−53.0%
Optical Engineering	74	Paywalled	616	88.3%	165	650	830	721	2,366	3.84	105.4%
Optical Engineering	74	OA	82	11.7%	61	165	209	212	647	7.89	105.4%
Physical Review Applied	91	Paywalled	402	95.7%	403	1,733	2,041	2,058	6,235	15.51	−71.3%
Physical Review Applied	91	OA	18	4.3%	9	50	60	44	163	9.06	−71.3%
Physical Review C	89	Paywalled	1008	96.9%	983	3,151	3,145	3,109	10,388	10.31	33.7%
Physical Review C	89	OA	32	3.1%	45	145	133	118	441	13.78	33.7%
Physics of Fluids	74	Paywalled	600	97.2%	260	1,500	2,365	2,117	6,242	10.40	18.2%
Physics of Fluids	74	OA	17	2.8%	9	46	88	66	209	12.29	18.2%
Physics of Plasmas	69	Paywalled	1317	96.3%	720	2,414	2,491	2,375	8,000	6.07	97.2%
Physics of Plasmas	69	OA	51	3.7%	35	176	203	197	611	11.98	97.2%
Quantum Information Processing	79	Paywalled	294	93.9%	154	593	921	813	2,481	8.44	−51.3%
Quantum Information Processing	79	OA	19	6.1%	10	22	34	40	106	5.58	−51.3%
Review of Scientific Instruments	68	Paywalled	832	94.2%	271	1,256	1,499	1,509	4,535	5.45	54.3%
Review of Scientific Instruments	68	OA	51	5.8%	35	101	143	150	429	8.41	54.3%
Soft Matter	93	Paywalled	2335	95.6%	591	2,256	2,645	2,638	8,130	3.48	247.3%
Soft Matter	93	OA	107	4.4%	105	379	408	402	1,294	12.09	247.3%
Solar Physics	74	Paywalled	166	87.4%	131	370	406	412	1,319	7.95	41.1%
Solar Physics	74	OA	24	12.6%	30	90	78	71	269	11.21	41.1%
Superconductor Science and Technology	90	Paywalled	259	93.5%	215	590	806	738	2,349	9.07	18.8%
Superconductor Science and Technology	90	OA	18	6.5%	13	48	56	77	194	10.78	18.8%
Ultramicroscopy	89	Paywalled	209	92.5%	156	453	492	451	1,552	7.43	172.5%
Ultramicroscopy	89	OA	17	7.5%	33	84	112	115	344	20.24	172.5%

Number of journals with OA citation advantage_

Subject Area	Number of Journals with OA Citation Advantage

	2017		2018		2019		2020		2017–2020
Arts & Humanities	33	66%	41	82%	40	80%	39	78%	41	82%
Economics, Econometrics & Finance	35	70%	38	76%	34	68%	40	80%	37	74%
Medicine	39	78%	43	86%	44	88%	40	80%	44	88%
Physics & Astronomy	38	76%	38	76%	35	70%	36	72%	37	74%
Aggregate areas	145	73%	160	80%	153	77%	155	78%	159	80%

Mean of the OA citation advantage_

Subject Area	Mean OA Citation Advantage

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2017–2020
Arts & Humanities	110.6%	102.8%	34.4%	82.5%	62.4%
Economics, Econometrics & Finance	83.9%	28.4%	28.8%	64.1%	41.4%
Medicine	41.7%	43.5%	44.7%	47.4%	44.3%
Physics & Astronomy	41.4%	48.6%	57.0%	56.3%	53.1%
Aggregate areas					50.3%

Representativeness of the sample_

Subject Area	Research Articles in Hybrid Journals in 2017

	Sample		Population	Sample %

	OA Hybrid	Paywalled	OA Hybrid	OA Hybrid
Arts & Humanities	1,151	5,759	2,821	40.8%
Economics, Econometrics & Finance	541	5,411	1,097	49.3%
Medicine	4,381	15,772	23,243	18.8%
Physics & Astronomy	1,970	27,623	6,635	29.7%
Total	8,043	54,565	33,796	23.8%

Pearson's linear correlation coefficient_

	Best CiteScore Percentile 2017	Research Articles 2017	OA Prevalence	OA Cites per Article	Paywalled Cites per Article
Arts & Humanities
Best CiteScore Percentile 2017	1.00	0.03	−0.69	0.50	0.57
Research Articles 2017	0.03	1.00	−0.21	0.30	0.42
OA Prevalence	−0.69	−0.21	1.00	−0.39	−0.40
OA Cites per Article	0.50	0.30	−0.39	1.00	0.81
Paywalled Cites per Article	0.57	0.42	−0.40	0.81	1.00
Economics, Econometrics & Finance
Best CiteScore Percentile 2017	1.00	−0.16	0.07	0.60	0.57
Research Articles 2017	−0.16	1.00	−0.52	0.13	0.11
OA Prevalence	0.07	−0.52	1.00	−0.14	−0.12
OA Cites per Article	0.60	0.13	−0.14	1.00	0.85
Paywalled Cites per Article	0.57	0.11	−0.12	0.85	1.00
Medicine
Best CiteScore Percentile 2017	1.00	−0.48	−0.22	0.29	0.34
Research Articles 2017	−0.48	1.00	−0.14	−0.18	−0.20
OA Prevalence	−0.22	−0.14	1.00	0.01	−0.02
OA Cites per Article	0.29	−0.18	0.01	1.00	0.97
Paywalled Cites per Article	0.34	−0.20	−0.02	0.97	1.00
Physics & Astronomy
Best CiteScore Percentile 2017	1.00	0.12	0.00	0.33	0.52
Research Articles 2017	0.12	1.00	−0.35	0.03	0.15
OA Prevalence	0.00	−0.35	1.00	−0.17	−0.17
OA Cites per Article	0.33	0.03	−0.17	1.00	0.49
Paywalled Cites per Article	0.52	0.15	−0.17	0.49	1.00

Contribution of the Open Access Modality to the Impact of Hybrid Journals Controlling by Field and Time Effects

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Description of the subject areas in the study_

Median of the OA citation advantage_

j_jdis-2022-0007_apptab_001

Number of journals with OA citation advantage_

Mean of the OA citation advantage_

Representativeness of the sample_

Pearson's linear correlation coefficient_

Paradigm

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