A Scientometric Study of Digital Literacy, ICT Literacy, Information Literacy, and Media Literacy

Park, Hyejin; Kim, Han Sung; Park, Han Woo

doi:10.2478/jdis-2021-0001

Figures & Tables

Entire and zoomed-in networks of clusters of co-cited publications. The color of the clusters demonstrates the year when the first co-citation occurred in the cluster (Chen, 2006), which is indicated in parenthesis in this figure. Yellow-green had the first co-citation in 2005, while the co-citation occurred in more recent years as the cluster's color gets closer to red-orange.

Keywords of co-occurrence_

Rank	Keywords	Co-occurrence
1	Information literacy	660
2	Education	468
3	Internet	447
4	Digital literacy	437
5	Media literacy	435
6	Technology	390
7	Media literacies	361
8	Digital	331
9	Students	326
10	Adolescence	297
11	Literacy	295
12	University students	274
13	Instructional strategies	263
14	Methods	246
15	Film	242
16	Early adolescence	234
17	Strategies	231
18	Music	229
19	Specific media	227
20	Popular culture	217

Frequently cited journal articles and main findings_

Articles	Topic	Participant	Major finding
Ng (2012)	Digital natives’ use of new technology and digital literacy	Undergraduate students (pre-service teachers who are yet to become teachers)	• Undergraduate students learned the new technology easily and used it in a meaningful way for learning.
Gawalt and Adams (2011)	Chemical information literacy program	Undergraduate students taking chemistry course and instructors	• Chemical information literacy program was useful for instructors and students to search and read literature.
Hargittai (2010)	Internet users’ skills and diversity	Undergraduate students	• Socioeconomic status was a critical predictor of undergraduate students’ Internet use in their daily life.
Bennett (2008)	Debate on digital native	Literature on digital native	• Renovated education should be provided to meet the needs of digital natives
Locknar et al. (2012)	Discovering Scientific Information Program (DSIP)	Undergraduate students taking chemistry course	• Using DSIP improved students’ library research skills.
Ferres and Piscitelli (2012)	Criteria for media education or media literacy and indicators for new media competence	-	• Media education along with critical thinking and aesthetic thinking was suggested.
Ferres and Piscitelli (2012)		-	• Convergence of technological revolution and neurobiological revolution was proposed.
Claro et al. (2012)	Chilean secondary school students’ ICT skills	Chilean secondary school students	• Students tended to utilize ICT skills as information consumers rather than information producers.
Claro et al. (2012)	Chilean secondary school students’ ICT skills	Chilean secondary school students	• Students’ socioeconomic aspects, daily use, accessibility, and confidence in using ICT were related to their academic performance.
Greene et al. (2014)	Self-regulated learning (SRL), Epistemic Cognition (EC), and academic performance	Undergraduate students	• Internet-based learning enhanced students’ understanding.
Greene et al. (2014)		Undergraduate students	• SRL and EC were related to digital learning outcomes.
Koltay (2011)	Similarities and differences between media literacy, information literacy, and digital literacy	-	• Media literacy, information literacy, and digital literacy were compared in terms of definition and features.

Frequent author keywords_

Rank	Author Keywords	Occurrence
1	Media literacy	109
2	Digital literacy	90
3	Information literacy	66
4	Digital	39
5	Media education	30
6	Media	27
7	ICT	21
8	Literacy	20
9	ICT literacyMedia literaciesNew literacies	18
12	EducationInformationPedagogyTechnology	14
16	Internet	13
17	ChildrenHigher educationTeacher education	12
20	Multimodality	11

Frequently cited publications_

Rank	References	Citation
1	Jenkins, H. (2009). Confronting the challenges of participatory culture. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.	19
2	Jenkins, H. (2006a). Confronting the challenges of participatory culture. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.	17
3	Knobel, M., & Lankshear, C. (2006). A new literacies sampler. NY: Peter Lang.	14
4	Ng, W. (2012). Can we teach digital natives digital literacy?. Computers & Education, 59(3), 1065–1078.	13
5	Jenkins, H. (2006b). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. New York, NY: NYU Press.	11
	Fraillon, J., Schulz, W., & Ainley, J. (2013). International computer and information literacy study. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: IEA
	Gawalt, E., & Adams, B. (2011). A chemical information literacy program for first-year students. Journal of Chemical Education, 88(4), 402–407.
8	Hargittai, E. (2010). Digital na(t)ives? Variation in Internet skills and uses among members of the net generation. Sociological Inquiry, 80(1), 92–113.	10
	Buckingham, D. (2003). Media education: Literacy, learning and contemporary culture. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
	Bennett, S. (2008). The ‘digital natives’ debate: A critical review of the evidence. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39(5), 775–786.
	Coiro, J.. Knobel, M., Lankshear, C., & Leu, D. (2008). Handbook of research on new literacies. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group.
	Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in the new media age. New York, NY: Routledge.
13	Hobbs, R. (2010). Digital and media literacy: A plan of action. Washington, D. C.: The Aspen Institute.	9
13	Binkley, R., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., Miller-Ricci, M., & Rumble, M. (2012). Defining twenty-first century skills. In P., Griffin, B., McGaw, & E., Care (Eds.), Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills (pp. 17–66). Dordrecht, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media B. V.	9
15	Fraillon, J., Ainley, J., Schulz, W., Friedman, T., & Gebhardt, E. (2013). Preparing for life in a digital age. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14222-7	8
	Locknar, A., Mitchell, R., Rankin, J., & Sadoway, D. (2012). Integration of information literacy components into a large first-year lecture-based chemistry course. Journal of Chemical Education, 89, 487–491.
	Ferres, J., & Piscitelli, A. (2012). Media competence. Articulated proposal of dimensions and indicators. Comunicar, 19(38), 75–81.
	Ito, M., Baumer, S., Bittani, M., Boyd, D., Cody, R., Herr-Stephenson, B......, Tripp, L. (2010). Hang out, messing around, and geeking out: Kids living and learning with new media. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
	Claro, M., Preiss, D., Martin, E., Jara, I., Hinostroza, J., Valenzuela, S......, Nussbaum, M. (2012). Assessment of 21st century ICT skills in Chile: Test design and results from high school level students. Computers & Education, 59(3), 1042–1053.
	Greene, J. A., Yu, S. B., & Copeland, D. Z. (2014). Measuring critical components of digital literacy and their relationships with learning. Computers & Education, 76, 55–69.
	Koltay, T. (2011). The media and the literacies: media literacy, information literacy, digital literacy. Media, Culture & Society, 33(2), 211–221.

Frequent topic keywords_

Rank	Topic Keywords	Occurrence
1	Education	88
2	Students	59
3	Technology	58
4	Literacy	44
5	Skills	36
6	Information literacy	35
7	Knowledge	30
8	Internet	26
9	Curriculum	25
10	Information	24
11	Web	23
12	Children	22
13	Science	21
14	AttitudesMedia literacyModelOnline	19
18	Adolescents	18
19	BehaviorBeliefsInstruction	16

Journals in which articles on digital literacy were published the most_

Rank	Journals	Occurrence
1	Comunicar	108
2	Computers and Education	59
3	Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy	38
4	Journal of Chemical Education	27
5	Learning Media and Technology	25
6	Literacy	17
7	British Journal of Educational TechnologyEducational Technology and Society	14
9	Nurse Education Today	12
10	English Teaching: Practice and CritiqueReading Teacher	11
12	Journal of Computer Assisted Learning Language and Education	10
14	Internet and Higher Education Technology, Pedagogy, and Education	8
16	Asia-Pacific Education ResearcherCultura y EducaciónETR&D-Educational Technology Research and DevelopmentEurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology EducationHealth Education ResearchJournal of Literacy ResearchJournal of School Health	7

Clusters of co-cited publications_

Cluster	Cluster topic (Co-cited publications, mean year of co-citations)	Major co-cited publications
0	Digital literacy (55, 2007)	Jenkins, H. (2006b). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. New York, NY: NYU Press. Bennett, S. (2008). The ‘digital natives’ debate: A critical review of the evidence. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39(5), 775–786. Coiro, J.. Knobel, M., Lankshear, C., & Leu, D. (2008). Handbook of research on new literacies. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group. Lankshear, C., & Knobel, M. (2006). New literacies. Everyday practices and classroom learning (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Open University Press. Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in the new media age. New York, NY: Routledge.
1	ICT literacy (42, 2012)	Fraillon, J., Schulz, W., & Ainley, J. (2013). International computer and information literacy study. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: IEA Fraillon, J., Ainley, J., Schulz, W., Friedman, T., & Gebhardt, E. (2013). Preparing for life in a digital age. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14222-7 Binkley, R., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., Miller-Ricci, M., & Rumble, M. (2012). Defining twenty-first century skills. In P., Griffin, B., McGaw, & E., Care (Eds.), Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills (pp. 17–66). Dordrecht, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
2	Epistemic perspective (37, 2010)	Barzilai, S., & Zohar, A. (2012). Epistemic thinking in action: Evaluating and integrating online sources. Cognition and Instruction, 30(1), 39–85.
3	Exploratory study (32, 2013)	Ng, W. (2012). Can we teach digital natives digital literacy?. Computers & Education, 59(3), 1065–1078. Greene, J. A., Yu, S. B., & Copeland, D. Z. (2014). Measuring critical components of digital literacy and their relationships with learning. Computers & Education, 76, 55–69.
4	Performance test (25, 2008)	Hargittai, E. (2010). Digital na(t)ives? Variation in Internet skills and uses among members of the net generation. Sociological Inquiry, 80(1), 92–113.
5	Integrating chemical information instruction (24, 2012)	Gawalt, E., & Adams, B. (2011). A chemical information literacy program for first-year students. Journal of Chemical Education, 88(4), 402–407. Locknar, A., Mitchell, R., Rankin, J., & Sadoway, D. (2012). Integration of information literacy components into a large first-year lecture-based chemistry course. Journal of Chemical Education, 89, 487–491.
6	Cigarette smoking (19, 2005)	Primack et al. (2006). Association of cigarette smoking and media literacyabout smoking among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(4), 465–472.
7	ICT literacy (18, 2006)	Ferres, J., & Piscitelli, A. (2012). Media competence. Articulated proposal of dimensions and indicators. Comunicar, 19(38), 75–81.
8	Neil Postmans view (16, 2010)	Jenkins, H. (2009). Confronting the challenges of participatory culture. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
9	School-performance feedback use (15, 2006)	Schildkamp, K., Visscher, A., & Luyten, H. (2009). The effects of the use of a school self-evaluation instrument. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 20(1), 69–88.
10	Online forum (12, 2009)	Ito, M., Baumer, S., Bittani, M., Boyd, D., Cody, R., Herr-Stephenson, B......, Tripp, L. (2010). Hang out, messing around, and geeking out: Kids living and learning with new media. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
14	Professional practice (9, 2007)	Hermans, R., Tondeur, J., van Braak, J., & Valcke, M. (2008). The impact of primary school teachers’ educational beliefs on the classroom use of computers. Computers & Education, 51(4), 1499–1509.
17	Regarding media (6, 2006)	Livingstone, S. (2004). Media literacy and the challenges of new information and communication technologies. Communication Review, 7(1), 3–14.

Co-occurring keywords in Clusters_

Cluster 1 (78 co-occurring keywords)

Achievement	Adult learning	Age	Attitudes
Behavior	Beliefs	Challenges	Classroom
Community	Competence	Computer	Computer literacy
Computer self-efficacy	Computer use	Computer-mediated communication	Constructionism
Context	Design	Digital competence	Digital divide
Digital literacy	Digital media	Digital natives	Divide
E-learning	Education	Elementary education	Environment
Environments	Evidence-based practice	Family	Framework
Gender	Gender differences	Gender-differences	Higher education
Higher-education	Home	ICT	ICT literacy
Impact	Improving classroom teaching	Informal learning	Information
Information literacy	Instruction	Integration	Internet skills
Internet use	Learning	Lifelong learning	Media in education
Metaanalysis	Model	Natives	Online
Pedagogical issues	Perceptions	Performance	Perspective
Preservice teachers	Program	Satisfaction	School
School-students	Secondary education	Seeking	Self-efficacy
Social capital	Social networks	Students	Teachers
Teaching/learning strategies	Technology	University	Validation
Validity	Web

Cluster 2 (43 co-occurring keywords)

Adolescents	Advertising	Association	Audiences
Behaviors	Children	Cigarette-smoking	Citizenship
Civic engagement	Collaborative learning	Competences	Consumption
Critical media literacy	Critical thinking	Democracy	Digital literacy practices
Empowerment	Exposure	Facebook	Initiation
Intervention	Literacy	Media	Media competence
Media education	Media literacy	New media	Participation
Prevention	Programs	Risk	Schools
Smoking	Social media	Social networking	Teacher training
Technologies	Television	Tobacco	Tobacco use
Web 2.0	Youth	United-states

Cluster 3 (30 co-occurring keywords)

Adolescence	Adult	Audience	Case study
Childhood	College	Critical analysis	Critical literacy
Critical pedagogy	Digital	Early adolescence	Ethnography
Film	Information and communication technologies	Informational text	Instructional technology
Libraries	Literacies	Music	New literacies
Popular culture	Qualitative	Reading strategies	Research methodology
Sociocultural	Specific media	Teaching strategies	Texts
Theoretical perspectives	Visual literacy

Cluster 4 (19 co-occurring keywords)

Early adolescence	Adolescence	College	Adult
Adolescent	Materials	Content literacy	Domain knowledge
Engagement	Identity	Information literacy	Instructional strategies
Media literacies	Methods	Motivation	Professional development
Teacher education	University students	Writing

Cluster 5 (18 co-occurring keywords)

Chemical information Courses	Chemoinformatics Curriculum	Communication First-year undergraduate/general	Communication/writing Inquiry-based/discovery learning
Internet/web-based learning	Learn	Organic chemistry	Problem solving/decision making
Science	Scifinder scholar	Second-year undergraduate	Skills
Student-centered learning	Upper-division undergraduate

Cluster 6 (12 co-occurring keywords)

Contexts Language Policy	Culture Literacy practices Reading	English Multiliteracies Singapore	Issues Pedagogy Multimodality

Cluster 7 (12 co-occurring keywords)

Assessment Inquiry Prior knowledge	Comprehension Internet Readers	Credibility Knowledge Strategies	Epistemological beliefs Personal epistemology Text

Authors who produced research articles with other authors_

Rank	Co-authors	Frequency
1	Valcke, M.	16
	Claro, M.
	San Martin, E
4	Kiili, C.	14
	Leu, D. J.
6	Clark, A.	13
	Jara, I.
	Preiss, D. D.
	Valenzuela, S.
10	Primack, B. A.	12
	Chen, C. H.
12	Lin, T. B.	11
	Dagenais, D.
	Toohey, K.
	Chang, K. E.
	Chang, T. Y.
	Hu, K. W.
	Huang, C. J.
	Huang, K. L.
	Huang, T. H.
	Liao, J. J.
	Liu, M. C.
	Luo, Y. C.
	Shen, H. Y.
	Sung, Y. T.
	Leppanen, P. H. T.

A Scientometric Study of Digital Literacy, ICT Literacy, Information Literacy, and Media Literacy

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Keywords of co-occurrence_

Frequently cited journal articles and main findings_

Frequent author keywords_

Frequently cited publications_

Frequent topic keywords_

Journals in which articles on digital literacy were published the most_

Clusters of co-cited publications_

Co-occurring keywords in Clusters_

Authors who produced research articles with other authors_

Paradigm

My account