A Data-Centric Perspective on Nosocomial Infections Following Surgical Procedures

Background: Postoperative nosocomial infections (NIs) increase morbidity, hospitalisation, and mortality. The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) complicate care and require strict infection control and antibiotic therapy. This study examined postoperative NIs’ clinical, microbiological, treatment profiles and identified risk factors. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 56 adult surgical patients from two tertiary centers in Constanta, Romania. We analysed demographics, comorbidities, operation type, microbiology, inflammatory indicators, ICU admission, mortality, and antibiotic resistance/sensitivity. Results: Patients had a mean age of 53.21 ± 22.61 years, with a slightly male predominance. The ICU had 26.4% admission and 9.4% death. The most common comorbidities were dementia, obesity, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus epidermidis dominated the pathogens spectrum. In particular, 40% of cultures were resistant to tetracycline, ceftriaxone, and erythromycin, while vancomycin and linezolid were effective. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Bacteroides fragilis polymicrobial infections increased ICU utilisation and hospitalisation. Conclusion: Host, procedural, and microbiological variables affect postoperative NIs. Antimicrobial medicines must be tailored to multidrug resistance patterns, and surveillance and stewardship programs are essential. Early detection of high-risk infections may enhance results with focused therapy.