Connecting the Dots: Linking Centrality Measures to Peer Perceptions in Elementary School Friendship Networks

This study integrates social network analysis (SNA) and peer nomination methods to examine the relationship between social network centrality and peer-nominated social functioning (e.g., “who do you like to play with the most”) in elementary school classrooms. Participants included 473 students (226 boys, 247 girls) from 26 classrooms in Grades 4 and 5. Four centrality measures (degree, betweenness, closeness, and eigenvector) were calculated from friendship nominations and compared with peer nominations for various social reputation indicators. Network analyses revealed consistent positive associations between centrality measures and “Like to Play with Most” nominations, with degree centrality showing the strongest connection. “Like to Play with Least” nominations displayed negative associations, particularly with betweenness and eigenvector centrality. “Leader” and “Admire” emerged as highly influential across networks, suggesting their importance in shaping classroom social dynamics. Shortest path analyses identified direct connections between centrality measures and who children “Like to Play with Most”, while other social reputation variables were often connected through intermediary steps. This study highlights the complex interplay between structural positions in social networks and peer perceptions of social functioning. These findings contribute to a more integrated understanding of children’s social experiences and development. By bridging SNA and child development research, this study provides insights for developing targeted interventions to support children’s social competence and peer relationships. Future research should explore longitudinal dynamics of social networks and reputations, consider additional data sources, and examine cross-cultural applicability. This study opens new avenues for research and practice aimed at fostering positive social and emotional development in elementary school settings.