Exploring Echo Chambers in Twitter during Two Spanish Regional Elections: An Analysis of Community Interactions
References
- Abilov, A., Hua, Y., Matatov, H., Amir, O., & Naaman, M. (2021). VoterFraud2020: a Multi-modal Dataset of Election Fraud Claims on Twitter.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.08210 - Aragón, P., Kappler, K. E., Kaltenbrunner, A., Laniado, D., & Volkovich, Y. (2013). Communication dynamics in Twitter during political campaigns: The case of the 2011 Spanish National Election. Policy and Internet, 5(2), 183–206.
https://doi.org/10.1002/1944-2866.POI327 - Bakshy, E., Messing, S., & Adamic, L. A. (2015). Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. Science, 348(6239), 1130–1132.
http://education.biu.ac.il/files/education/shared/science-2015-bakshy-1130-2.pdf - Balcells, J., & Padró-Solanet, A. (2020). Crossing lines in the Twitter debate on Catalonia’s independence. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 25(1), 28–52.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161219858687 - Barberá, P., Jost, J. T., Nagler, J., Tucker, J.A., & Bonneau, R. (2015). Tweeting from left to right: is online political communication more than an echo chamber? Psychological Science, 26(10), 1531–1542.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615594620 - Batorski, D., & Grzywinska, I. (2018). Three dimensions of the public sphere on Facebook. Information Communication and Society, 21(3), 356–374.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1281329 - Bird, S., Klein, E., & Loper, E. (2009). Natural language processing with Python: Analyzing text with the natural language toolkit. O’Reilly Media, Inc.
- Bradshaw, S., & Howard, P. N. (2019). The global disinformation disorder: 2019 global inventory of organised social media manipulation. Working Paper 2019.2. Project on Computational Propaganda.
- Buder, J., Rabl, L., Feiks, M., Badermann, M., & Zurstiege, G. (2021). Does negatively toned language use on social media lead to attitude polarization? Computers in Human Behavior, 116, 106663.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106663 - Casañ, R. R., García-Vidal, E., Grimaldi, D., Carrasco-Farré, C., Vaquer-Estalrich, F., & Vila-Francés, J. (2022). Online polarization and cross-fertilization in multi-cleavage societies: The case of Spain. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 12, 79.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-00909-5 - Centro de Estudios Andaluces – Barómetro Preelectoral del Centro de Estudios Andaluces (May 2022).
https://www.centrodeestudiosandaluces.es/encuestas/preelectoral-elecciones-autonomicas-2022 - Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas – Barómetro del CIS (April 2021).
https://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/3300_3319/3318/es3318mar.pdf - Chen, Y., & Skiena, S. (2014). Building sentiment lexicons for all major languages. In Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers) (pp. 383–389). Association for Computational Linguistics.
- Esteve Del Valle, M., & Borge Bravo, R. (2018). Echo chambers in parliamentary Twitter networks the Catalan case. International Journal of Communication, 12, 1715–1735.
- Flaxman, S., Goel, S., & Rao, J. M. (2016). Filter bubbles, echo chambers, and online news consumption. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(Specialissue1).
https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfw00 - Garrett, K. R. (2009). Politically motivated reinforcement seeking: Reframing the selective exposure debate. Journal of Communication, 59(4), 676–699.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01452.x - Guerrero-Solé, F. (2017). Community detection in political discussions on Twitter: An application of the retweet overlap network method to the Catalan process toward independence. Social Science Computer Review, 35(2), 244–261.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439315617254 - Guess, A., Nagler, J., & Tucker, J. (2019). Less than you think: Prevalence and predictors of fake news dissemination on Facebook. Science Advances, 5, eaau4586.
- Hagberg, A., Schult, D., & Swart, P. (2008). Exploring network structure, dynamics, and function using NetworkX. In G. Varoquaux, T. Vaught, & J. Millman (Eds.), Proceedings of the 7th Python in Science Conference (SciPy2008) (pp. 11–15). Pasadena, CA, USA, August 2008.
- Hayat, T., & Samuel-Azran, T. (2017). “You too, second screeners?” second screeners’ echo chambers during the 2016 U.S. elections primaries. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 61(2), 291–308.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2017.1309417 - Jacomy, M., Venturini, T., Heymann, S., & Bastian, M. (2014). ForceAtlas2, a continuous graph layout algorithm for handy network visualization designed for the Gephi Software. PLoS ONE, 9(6), e98679.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098679 - McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 415–444.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415 - Merry, M. (2015). Making friends and enemies on social media: The case of gun policy organizations. Iranian Journal of Information Processing Management, 30(2), 373–396.
https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-01-2014-0022 - Morstatter, F., Pfeffer, J., Liu, H., & Carley, K.M. (2013). Is the sample good enough? Comparing data from Twitter’s streaming API with Twitter’s firehose. ArXiv, abs/1306.5204.
- Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Eddy, K., Robertson, C. T., & Nielsen, R. K. (2023). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2023. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
http://www.digitalnewsreport.org/ - Nickerson, R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175–220.
https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175 - Nyhan, B., Settle, J., Thorson, E. et al. (2023). Like-minded sources on Facebook are prevalent but not polarizing. Nature 620, 137–144.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06297-w - Park, S. J., Park, J. Y., Lim, Y. S., & Park, H. W. (2016). Expanding the presidential debate by tweeting: The 2012 presidential election debate in South Korea. Telematics and Informatics, 33, 557–569.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.08.004 - Pastor-Galindo, J., Zago, M., Nespoli, P., López Bernal, S., Huertas, A., Pérez, M., Ruipérez-Valiente, J. A., Martinez Perez, G., & Gomez Marmol, F. (2020). Spotting political social bots in Twitter: A use case of the 2019 Spanish general election. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 17(4), 2156–2170.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSM.2020.3031573 - Quattrociocchi, W., Scala, A., & Sunstein, C. R. (2016). Echo chambers on Facebook.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2795110 - Roesslein, J. (2020). Tweepy: Twitter for Python!
Https://Github.Com/Tweepy/Tweepy . - Ross Arguedas, A., Robertson, C., Fletcher, R., & Nielsen, R. (2022). Echo chambers, filter bubbles, and polarisation: A literature review. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
- Stella, M., Cristoforetti, M., & De Domenico, M. (2019). Influence of augmented humans in online interactions during voting events. PLoS One, 14.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214210 - Stroud, N. J. (2010). Polarization and partisan selective exposure. Journal of Communication, 60(3), 556–576.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01497.x - Sunstein, C. R. (2017). #Republic: Divided democracy in the age of social media. Princeton University Press.
- Terren, L., & Borge, R. (2021). Echo chambers on social media: A systematic review of the literature. Review of Communication Research, 9, 99–118.
https://doi.org/10.12840/ISSN.2255-4165.028 - Thorson, K., Cotter, K., Medeiros, M., & Pak, C. (2019). Algorithmic inference, political interest, and exposure to news and politics on Facebook. Information, Communication & Society, 24(2), 183–200.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2019.1642934 - Törnberg, P. (2018). Echo chambers and viral misinformation: Modeling fake news as complex contagion. PLoS One, 13(9), e0203958.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203958 - Tsai, W.-H. S., Tao, W., Chuan, C.-H., & Hong, C. (2020). Echo chambers and social mediators in public advocacy issue networks. Public Relations Review, 46(1), 101882,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.101882 . - Vaccari, C., Valeriani, A., Barberá, P., Jost, J. T., Nagler, J., & Tucker, J. A. (2016). Of echo chambers and contrarian clubs: Exposure to political disagreement among German and Italian users of Twitter. Social Media + Society, 2, 1–24.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116664221 - Williams, H. T. P., McMurray, J. R., Kurz, T., & Hugo Lambert, F. (2015). Network analysis reveals open forums and echo chambers in social media discussions of climate change. Global Environmental Change.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.03.006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/connections-2019.033 | Journal eISSN: 2816-4245 | Journal ISSN: 0226-1766
Language: English
Page range: 77 - 112
Published on: May 18, 2024
Published by: International Network for Social Network Analysis (INSNA)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2024 Raul Broto Cervera, Cristina Pérez-Solà, Albert Batlle, published by International Network for Social Network Analysis (INSNA)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.