Intelligencers, Cliques, and Stars in the Spread of 17th -Century Cartesianism

Donker, Silvia

Intelligencers, Cliques, and Stars in the Spread of 17th -Century Cartesianism

Connections

Volume 44 (2024): Issue 1 (January 2024)

By: Silvia Donker

Open Access

|May 2024

Figures & Tables

Illustration showing how a star-shaped network in bipartite configuration (A) becomes a clique (B) in the projection where one shared circle (B1) becomes a connection between all authors.

Network graphs of the slices of Layers 1 and 2. The colors correspond to clusters, where roughly the orange clusters are authors tied within Dutch environments, green within British, and blue within French.

Layer 2, Slice 2 (1586–1700) More high-weighted edges exist among knowledge circles in the Netherlands (orange) and Britain (green) than in France (blue).

Network graph for Layer 1, Slice 3: co-affiliation for authors between 1586 and 1700. Nodes colored by “tradition” attribute. Blue: Newtonian, red: Cartesian, yellow: scholastic, grey:eclectic or not specified.

The network slices of Layers 3 and 4. Colors correspond to clusters, where roughly the orange clusters are authors tied within Dutch environments, green within British, and blue within French.

The biggest connected component of the bipartite network for Layer 4, Slice 3 (author-publication place, 1586–1700). The graph shows publication-place-hubs in Paris and London. The red nodes are the publication cities, the gray nodes are the authors. Size according to degree.

Network graph for Layer 4, Slice 3: co-publication place for authors between 1586 and 1700. Nodes colored by “tradition” attribute. Blue: Newtonian, red: Cartesian, yellow: scholastic, gray: eclectic or not specified.

Description of the time slices for each network layer_

Slice	Name	Time frame	Years covered	Number of authors	Geographical range
1	Pre-Cartesian	1586–1637	51	36	Netherlands, Britain, France
2	Cartesian	1586–1687	101	160	Netherlands, Britain, France
3	Newtonian	1586–1700	114	175	Netherlands, Britain, France

j_connections-2019_031_tab_002

	Degree Author	Score	Betweenness Author	Score	Eigenvector Author	Score
1. Co-affiliation
	1030 SNELLIUS	8	1071 VENO	0.0541176	3023 JACK	0.452810
	1071 VENO	8	1030 SNELLIUS	0.0471148	1064 MURDISON	0.436308
	1004 BURGERDIJK	7	2017 DESCARTES	0.0364146	1030 SNELLIUS	0.349756
	1065 RENERI	7	2168 MERSENNE	0.0330532	1065 RENERI	0.343279
Slice 1	3023 JACK	7	2145 BÉRIGARD	0.0308123	1071 VENO	0.337054
	1064 MURDISON	6	2157 GASSENDI	0.0263305	1004 BURGERDIJK	0.328555
	1076 Spranckhuysen	6	1004 BURGERDIJK	0.0238655	1076 Spranckhuysen	0.322635
	2168 MERSENNE	4	1065 RENERI	0.0053782	1011 GUTBERLETH	0.164470
	1011 GUTBERLETH	3	3023 JACK	0.0042017	2017 DESCARTES	0.058146
	2002 ABRA DE RACONIS	3	1076 Spranckhuysen	0.0003361	1032 VERHEL	0.056726
	1024 REGIUS	42	2057 DU MOULIN	0.110625	1026 SCHOOCK	0.265475
	1026 SCHOOCK	42	2168 MERSENNE	0.074352	1024 REGIUS	0.254287
	1027 SENGUERD	39	1015 ISENDOORN	0.064694	1027 SENGUERD	0.245768
	1071 VENO	38	3032 NEWTON	0.057066	1023 RAEY	0.209960
Slice 2	1009 GORLAEUS	37	2018 DU HAMEL	0.048133	1072 VOLDER	0.209960
	1060 LINDEN	37	2157 GASSENDI	0.044051	1020 LOENEN	0.208370
	1045 BEECKMAN	36	1045 BEECKMAN	0.043824	1065 RENERI	0.208370
	2057 DU MOULIN	36	2017 DESCARTES	0.041256	1050 BRUYN	0.199737
	1007 DEUSING	35	2041 NOEL	0.036893	1067 SCHUYL	0.199737
	1020 LOENEN	35	1024 REGIUS	0.033459	1073 VRIES	0.194743
	1047 BOERHAAVE	53	1047 BOERHAAVE	0.060459	1026 SCHOOCK	0.239049
	1057 HUYGENS	51	1057 HUYGENS	0.054692	1024 REGIUS	0.229590
	1024 REGIUS	47	2168 MERSENNE	0.045200	1027 SENGUERD	0.227076
	1026 SCHOOCK	47	2018 DU HAMEL	0.043053	1072 VOLDER	0.198344
Slice 3	1027 SENGUERD	44	3092 CONNOR	0.040145	1023 RAEY	0.198344
	1071 VENO	43	2157 GASSENDI	0.037851	1065 RENERI	0.196032
	1009 GORLAEUS	42	1015 ISENDOORN	0.037372	1020 LOENEN	0.192994
	1012 HARTSOEKER	42	2057 DU MOULIN	0.036340	1050 BRUYN	0.185926
	1060 LINDEN	42	2041 NOEL	0.031390	1067 SCHUYL	0.185926
	2057 DU MOULIN	42	1024 REGIUS	0.031119	1073 VRIES	0.181739
2. Co-affiliation place
	2157 GASSENDI	9	1030 SNELLIUS	0.081008	2168 MERSENNE	0.336375
	2168 MERSENNE	9	1071 VENO	0.077227	2157 GASSENDI	0.336266
	1030 SNELLIUS	8	2017 DESCARTES	0.076891	2177 ROBERVAL	0.331439
	1071 VENO	8	2168 MERSENNE	0.075630	2179 Bourdelot	0.331439
Slice 1	2002 ABRA DE RACONIS	8	2145 BÉRIGARD	0.074370	2002 ABRA DE RACONIS	0.331439
	2003 ABRAHAM DE LA FR.	8	2157 GASSENDI	0.074370	2003 ABRAHAM DE LA FR.	0.331439
	2014 CRASSOT	8	1004 BURGERDIJK	0.032269	2014 CRASSOT	0.331439
	2027 FREY	8	1065 RENERI	0.004958	2027 FREY	0.331439
	2052 SOREL	8	3023 JACK	0.003782	2052 SOREL	0.331439
	2177 ROBERVAL	8	1076 Spranckhuysen	0.000336	2017 DESCARTES	0.044564
	1015 ISENDOORN	44	2057 DU MOULIN	0.142795	1026 SCHOOCK	0.264853
	2057 DU MOULIN	43	1015 ISENDOORN	0.132943	1024 REGIUS	0.253570
	1024 REGIUS	42	2168 MERSENNE	0.055271	1027 SENGUERD	0.245631
	1026 SCHOOCK	42	3022 HOBBES	0.047200	1023 RAEY	0.209945
Slice 2	1027 SENGUERD	40	1045 BEECKMAN	0.046973	1072 VOLDER	0.209945
	1071 VENO	38	2177 ROBERVAL	0.044881	1020 LOENEN	0.207940
	2168 MERSENNE	38	2007 BAYLE	0.036053	1065 RENERI	0.207940
	1009 GORLAEUS	37	2155 DECHALES	0.030097	1050 BRUYN	0.199180
	1045 BEECKMAN	37	2041 NOEL	0.027780	1067 SCHUYL	0.199180
	1060 LINDEN	37	2178 VILLEMANDY	0.027690	1073 VRIES	0.194205
	1047 BOERHAAVE	85	1047 BOERHAAVE	0.097136	1047 BOERHAAVE	0.203733
	1057 HUYGENS	84	1057 HUYGENS	0.094769	1057 HUYGENS	0.199925
	1012 HARTSOEKER	74	1012 HARTSOEKER	0.065836	1026 SCHOOCK	0.198422
	3092 CONNOR	62	2057 DU MOULIN	0.040231	1012 HARTSOEKER	0.196985
Slice 3	1015 ISENDOORN	51	3092 CONNOR	0.036894	1027 SENGUERD	0.189696
	2057 DU MOULIN	49	2046 REGIS	0.035294	1024 REGIUS	0.189385
	1024 REGIUS	47	1015 ISENDOORN	0.032695	1023 RAEY	0.166912
	1026 SCHOOCK	47	2155 DECHALES	0.027896	1072 VOLDER	0.166912
	1027 SENGUERD	46	2157 GASSENDI	0.023704	1065 RENERI	0.164339
	2046 REGIS	46	2041 NOEL	0.023160	1020 LOENEN	0.161876
3. Co-publisher^*
	2006 BASSON	2
	2017 DESCARTES	2
Slice 1	3096 GILBERT
	1076 Spranckhuysen	2	(Meaingless)		(Meaningless)
		1
	3023 JACK	1
	2017 DESCARTES	11			2017 DESCARTES	0.420029
	3005 BOYLE	10	2017 DESCARTES 3005 BOYLE 1007 DEUSING 1050 BRUYN 3028 LE GRAND 2018 DU HAMEL 3090 CLERKE	0.003662 0.003423 0.000955 0.0009553 0.000955 0.000557 0.000557	1007 DEUSING	0.364578
	1007 DEUSING	7			1050 BRUYN	0.364578
	1050 BRUYN	7			1005 CLAUBERG	0.356469
Slice 2	1005 CLAUBERG	6			1024 REGIUS	0.356469
	1024 REGIUS	6			2006 BASSON	0.356469
	2006 BASSON	6			3096 GILBERT	0.356469
	3028 LE GRAND	6			1013 HEEREBOORD	0.099443
	3090 CLERKE	6			1019 KYPER	0.099443
	3096 GILBERT	6			1067 SCHUYL	0.099443
	2017 DESCARTES	11			2017 DESCARTES	0.413808
	3005 BOYLE	10	2017 DESCARTES 3005 BOYLE 1007 DEUSING 1050 BRUYN 3028 LE GRAND 2018 DU HAMEL 3090 CLERKE	0.003056 0.002857 0.000797 0.000797 0.000797 0.000465 0.000465	1007 DEUSING	0.359179
	1007 DEUSING	7			1050 BRUYN	0.359179
	1050 BRUYN	7			1005 CLAUBERG	0.351190
Slice 3	1004 BURGERDIJK	6			1024 REGIUS	0.351190
	1005 CLAUBERG	6			2006 BASSON	0.351190
	1024 REGIUS	6			3096 GILBERT	0.351190
	1028 SENGUERD	6			1013 HEEREBOORD	0.097971
	1047 BOERHAAVE	6			1019 KYPER	0.097971
	1061 LIPSTORP	6			1067 SCHUYL	0.097971
4. Co-publication place
	2017 DESCARTES	19			2017 DESCARTES	0.276951
	2021 DUPLEIX	14			2021 DUPLEIX	0.267178
	2002 ABRA DE RACONIS	13	2017 DESCARTES	0.289916	2002 ABRA DE RACONIS	0.265720
	2003 ABRAHAM DE LA FR.	13	2006 BASSON	0.077311	2003 ABRAHAM DE LA FR.	0.265720
Slice 1	2008 BOUJOU	13	1004 BURGERDIJK	0.052941	2008 BOUJOU	0.265720
	2011 CHAMPAIGNAC	13	3096 GILBERT	0.052941	2011 CHAMPAIGNAC	0.265720
	2014 CRASSOT	13	2021 DUPLEIX	0.040336	2014 CRASSOT	0.265720
	2027 FREY	13	3004 BACON	0.010924	2027 FREY	0.265720
	2034 LE ROY	13			2034 LE ROY	0.265720
	2052 SOREL	13			2052 SOREL	0.265720
	3044 WHITE	87	2017 DESCARTES	0.296417	3044 WHITE	0.163875
	2017 DESCARTES	75	3044 WHITE	0.119346	3015 DIGBY	0.159032
	3015 DIGBY	75	1073 VRIES	0.063052	3018 ESPAGNET	0.159032
	3018 ESPAGNET	75	1028 SENGUERD	0.042672	2021 DUPLEIX	0.145555
Slice 2	2021 DUPLEIX	60	3015 DIGBY	0.042592	2017 DESCARTES	0.143690
	2007 BAYLE	51	3018 ESPAGNET	0.042592	2018 DU HAMEL	0.140837
	2018 DU HAMEL	49	2021 DUPLEIX	0.041558	2007 BAYLE	0.140428
	2002 ABRA DE RACONIS	48	3028 LE GRAND	0.036973	2002 ABRA DE RACONIS	0.140245
	2003 ABRAHAM DE LA FR.	48	3096 GILBERT	0.035604	2003 ABRAHAM DE LA FR.	0.140245
	2004 BARBAY	48	1007 DEUSING	0.034850	2004 BARBAY	0.140245
	3044 WHITE	94	2017 DESCARTES	0.224105	3044 WHITE	0.156231
	2017 DESCARTES	83	1012 HARTSOEKER	0.101351	3015 DIGBY	0.148668
	3015 DIGBY	81	3044 WHITE	0.101045	3018 ESPAGNET	0.148668
	3018 ESPAGNET	81	3015 DIGBY	0.043502	2021 DUPLEIX	0.141638
Slice 3	1012 HARTSOEKER	75	3018 ESPAGNET	0.043502	2044 POURCHOT	0.141638
	2021 DUPLEIX	66	1008 GEULINCX	0.033486	2017 DESCARTES	0.140054
	2044 POURCHOT	66	1073 VRIES	0.033486	1012 HARTSOEKER	0.139792
	2007 BAYLE	56	3028 LE GRAND	0.031206	2018 DU HAMEL	0.134171
	2018 DU HAMEL	54	3096 GILBERT	0.030342	2007 BAYLE	0.133811
	2002 ABRA DE RACONIS	53	2006 BASSON	0.029760	2022 DU ROURE	0.133669

j_connections-2019_031_tab_003

	Nodes	Nodes BCC^**	Ties	Ties BCC	Components	Diameter GC	Network density	Density BCC	“Tradition” Assrt.	“Tradition” Assrt. BCC	Degree Assrt.
1. Co-affiliation
Slice 1	36	16	42	35	17	5	0.066667	0.291667	0.080139	0.121339	0.463926
Slice 2	160	123	862	861	37	7	0.067767	0.114754	0.028613	0.028709	0.646136
Slice 3	175	132	1123	1122	43	7	0.073760	0.129771	0.035031	0.035137	0.547374
2. Co-affiliation place
Slice 1	36	21	71	67	12	5	0.112698	0.319048	−0.014128	−0.004708	0.529566
Slice 2	160	135	1351	1351	26	5	0.106211	0.149364	0.022183	0.022183	0.414559
Slice 3	175	145	1825	1825	31	5	0.119869	0.174808	0.026044	0.026044	0.170386
3. Co-publisher
Slice 1	36	3	4	3	33	1	0.006349	1.000000	−0.142857	−0.500000	1.000000
Slice 2	160	14	95	32	108	3	0.007469	0.351648	0.015107	−0.174781	0.108104
Slice 3	175	14	107	32	118	3	0.007028	0.351648	0.009027	−0.174781	0.182325
4. Co-publication place
Slice 1	36	26	115	114	10	4	0.182540	0.350769	−0.065461	−0.060822	0.510787
Slice 2	160	139	1973	1970	19	5	0.155110	0.205401	0.023061	0.022832	0.506951
Slice 3	175	153	2381	2378	20	5	0.156388	0.204506	0.020731	0.020569	0.504742

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/connections-2019.031 | Journal eISSN: 2816-4245 | Journal ISSN: 0226-1766

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Language: English

Page range: 4 - 32

Published on: May 18, 2024

Published by: International Network for Social Network Analysis (INSNA)

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

Historical social networks,

Early modern science,

Complex networks,

Digital humanities,

Projected networks,

Multiplex evolving networks

Related subjects:

Social sciences,

Social sciences, other

© 2024 Silvia Donker, published by International Network for Social Network Analysis (INSNA)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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Intelligencers, Cliques, and Stars in the Spread of 17th -Century Cartesianism

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Figure 5:

Figure 6:

Figure 7:

Description of the time slices for each network layer_

j_connections-2019_031_tab_002

j_connections-2019_031_tab_003

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