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Influence of visible light wavelengths on bioactive compounds and GABA contents in barley sprouts Cover

Influence of visible light wavelengths on bioactive compounds and GABA contents in barley sprouts

Open Agriculture
Volume 10 (2025): Issue 1 (January 2025)
By: Siriyakorn Janpitu,  Achirapon Puttawong,  Pipat Tangjaidee,  Wannaporn Klangpetch,  Kridsada Unban,  Suphat Phongthai and  Tabkrich Khumsap  
Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Effects of different light wavelengths on root length accumulation (cm) of germinated barley after treated by different light wavelength for 5 days. Different letter denoted by small letter indicate significant difference of root length among light treatment in the same irradiation day (p < 0.05).
Effects of different light wavelengths on root length accumulation (cm) of germinated barley after treated by different light wavelength for 5 days. Different letter denoted by small letter indicate significant difference of root length among light treatment in the same irradiation day (p < 0.05).

Figure 2:

GABA content in germinated barley during the germination period under different light wavelengths, expressed in mg/kg. Different letter denoted by small letter indicate significant difference of GABA content among germinated day (p < 0.05); the uppercase letters indicate significant difference of GABA content among different light treatment (p < 0.05).
GABA content in germinated barley during the germination period under different light wavelengths, expressed in mg/kg. Different letter denoted by small letter indicate significant difference of GABA content among germinated day (p < 0.05); the uppercase letters indicate significant difference of GABA content among different light treatment (p < 0.05).

Figure 3:

Effects of different light wavelengths on reducing sugar content in germinated barley (mg/kg). Different letter denoted by small letter indicate significant difference of sugar content among germinated day in same light treatment (p < 0.05); the uppercase letters indicate significant difference of sugar content among different light treatment in same day (p < 0.05).
Effects of different light wavelengths on reducing sugar content in germinated barley (mg/kg). Different letter denoted by small letter indicate significant difference of sugar content among germinated day in same light treatment (p < 0.05); the uppercase letters indicate significant difference of sugar content among different light treatment in same day (p < 0.05).

Figure 4:

Total phenolic content (TPC) of germinated barley under different light treatments, expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight (mg GAE/g DW). Different letter denoted by small letter indicate significant difference of total phenolic content among germinated day in same light treatment (p < 0.05); the uppercase letters indicate significant difference of total phenolic content among different light treatment in same day (p < 0.05).
Total phenolic content (TPC) of germinated barley under different light treatments, expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight (mg GAE/g DW). Different letter denoted by small letter indicate significant difference of total phenolic content among germinated day in same light treatment (p < 0.05); the uppercase letters indicate significant difference of total phenolic content among different light treatment in same day (p < 0.05).

Figure 5:

The amount of ferulic acid (A) and p-coumaric acid (B) of germinated barley under different light treatments, expressed as mg per gram of dry weight (mg/g DW). Different letter denoted by small letter indicate significant difference of total phenolic content among germinated day in same light treatment (p < 0.05); the uppercase letters indicate significant difference of total phenolic content among different light treatment in same day (p < 0.05).
The amount of ferulic acid (A) and p-coumaric acid (B) of germinated barley under different light treatments, expressed as mg per gram of dry weight (mg/g DW). Different letter denoted by small letter indicate significant difference of total phenolic content among germinated day in same light treatment (p < 0.05); the uppercase letters indicate significant difference of total phenolic content among different light treatment in same day (p < 0.05).

Figure 6:

DPPH scavenging activity (A) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values (B) of germinated barley under different light wavelengths, expressed in mg/g. Different letter denoted by small letter indicate significant difference of DPPH scavenging activity among germinated day in same light treatment (p < 0.05); the uppercase letters indicate significant difference of DPPH scavenging activity among different light treatment in same day (p < 0.05).
DPPH scavenging activity (A) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values (B) of germinated barley under different light wavelengths, expressed in mg/g. Different letter denoted by small letter indicate significant difference of DPPH scavenging activity among germinated day in same light treatment (p < 0.05); the uppercase letters indicate significant difference of DPPH scavenging activity among different light treatment in same day (p < 0.05).

Comparison of chemical properties in germinated barley using conventional malting and LED treatments_

MethodsSugar content (mg/g)Total phenolic content (mg GAE/g)GABA content (mg/g)Source
Normal light for 5 days158.75nsa 2.18[23]
Normal light for 35 hnsa 0.20.16[24]
Normal light for 6 daysnsa 3.831.16[25]
Normal light for 2 daysnsa 21.270.12[26]
Red light for 5 days170.0 ± 10.01.35 ± 0.152.75This work
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2025-0482 | Journal eISSN: 2391-9531
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Language: English
Submitted on: Jul 19, 2025
Accepted on: Nov 20, 2025
Published on: Dec 9, 2025
Published by: Sciendo
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
LED,
irradiation,
germination,
cereals,
photomorphogenesis
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Plant science,
Life sciences,
Zoology,
Life sciences,
Ecology

© 2025 Siriyakorn Janpitu, Achirapon Puttawong, Pipat Tangjaidee, Wannaporn Klangpetch, Kridsada Unban, Suphat Phongthai, Tabkrich Khumsap, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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