Abstract
This study investigates the socio-economic dimensions of rural development initiatives in the European Union, with a particular emphasis on the LEADER program. The purpose is to evaluate how these initiatives influence community cohesion, local governance, and sustainable economic growth in rural regions, while also identifying the structural challenges that limit their impact. A systematic review with qualitative analysis was conducted, drawing upon 50 peer-reviewed scientific papers published between 1996 and 2024 across 17 EU countries. Unlike many earlier reviews that focused narrowly on single-country case studies or on just one dimension of sustainability, this study adopts a comparative, multi-dimensional approach. It integrates both economic and social outcomes and also notes how environmental, institutional, and cultural aspects remain underrepresented. The study indicates that the LEADER approach has played a crucial role in enhancing social capital, promoting partnerships, and aiding economic diversification. However, its success varies among member states due to differences in governance frameworks, institutional capacities, and funding structures. By bringing together scattered evidence and identifying patterns across countries, this research adds to the discussion on participatory, place-based development. It also provides practical policy insights, demonstrating how integrated strategies could more effectively address the complex challenges of rural sustainability in Europe.