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        <title>Technical Transactions Feed</title>
        <link>https://reference-global.com/journal/TECHTRANS</link>
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            <title><![CDATA[Urban soil moisture dynamics and meteorological controls under changing climatic conditions: a case study of Kraków (Poland)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026019</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study analyzes the relationships between soil moisture and selected climatic variables: air temperature t, relative humidity RH, and the antecedent precipitation index API. The analysis is based on in situ measurements from a research cross-section in the Sudół River catchment in Kraków, Poland, covering the period 2018–2025, supplemented with satellite-derived surface soil moisture data SMsurf from the Copernicus program. The study examines the temporal variability, seasonality, and long-term trends of soil moisture, as well as its correlation and regression relationships with climatic factors.The results reveal a clear seasonal pattern of soil moisture, with maxima in winter and spring and minima in summer. A significant decreasing trend was observed, especially in transitional months (May and September), indicating increasing drought susceptibility. The antecedent precipitation index was the primary control on soil moisture, while air temperature mainly enhanced spring – summer deficits and relative humidity played a secondary role. Moderate but significant agreement between in situ and satellite data supports the value of combining ground-based and remote sensing observations for soil moisture and water resource monitoring under changing climate conditions.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Visual Narratives of the City: On Architectural Drawing and Sketching]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026018</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article examines the image of the city as captured in architectural drawings and sketches, treated as tools for interpreting urban space. The author outlines the role of drawing in the history of art and architecture, highlighting its significance as the fundamental language for recording design ideas and as a method for understanding spatial reality. Particular attention is devoted to an analysis of the drawings of three Polish architects: Konrad Kucza-Kuczyński, Krzysztof Ludwin, and Sławomir Gzell. Their sketches reveal various ways of perceiving and interpreting the city – from reflective contemplation of architectural structure, through a narrative and emotional depiction of urban space, to a synthetic analysis of urban composition. The analysis indicates that the architectural sketch serves cognitive, analytical, and interpretive functions, enabling the capture of both the material characteristics of urban space and its atmosphere and genius loci.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Investigation of hydrogel materials enriched with plant and fungal extracts for potential biomedical applications]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026017</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study presents the characterization of hydrogels enriched with natural extracts of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) and Lentinula edodes (shiitake) with respect to their potential biomedical applications. The obtained materials were evaluated in terms of swelling capacity, stability in different incubation media (Ringer’s solution, PBS, distilled water), antioxidant activity, as well as morphological and chemical changes after incubation. The results demonstrated that all hydrogels preserved their structural integrity over a 7-day period, while their properties depended on the type and ratio of incorporated extracts. Samples enriched with Lentinula edodes showed higher antioxidant activity but underwent more pronounced morphological changes, whereas hydrogels containing Withania somnifera were more structurally stable. FT-IR analysis confirmed the preservation of the polymeric backbone after incubation. Overall, the results indicate that the investigated hydrogels can serve as carriers of natural bioactive compounds, and their tunable composition offers promising potential for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Assessing the ‘15 Minute City’ Vision in Strategic Plans of Cities in Poland]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026016</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The aim of this article is to examine the provisions of the Polish “Big Five” Urban Development Strategies with respect to their incorporation of the 15-minute city assumptions. In all the cases examined, the documents clearly reference the 15-minute city assumptions in various aspects and to varying degrees. The analyses conducted indicate the significant value of the spatial regulations of the strategies under review, which included actions aimed at limiting urban sprawl, diversifying functions, and improving broadly understood access to space and resources. Collectively, the strategies address climate change (air, water, climate protection), tourism development, cultural heritage, and maintaining (and improving) the quality of life. The embedded planning strategies emphasize growing land-use conflicts and intense development pressure.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Living. Thinking. Shaping the City Centre: Considerations from Frankfurt am Main]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026015</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The (inner) city is a living and working space. It is the stage on which diverse lifestyles unfold. For this reason, urban planning must reflect economic, political, and cultural issues. Over the last decade, the city centre has suffered from a decline in visitor numbers. In particular, the expansion of online retail has led to many vacancies in central locations. This trend has been exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic. We can note: On the one hand, we love the city centre since it creates a common identity. Its history is stored in buildings and collective memories. On the other hand, we ignore it out of convenience. After all, this is a rather sporadic love that is only exhibited on occasion, when it fits into the time budget of our lifestyle programme and there is an event to celebrate. Living the city centre means thinking and shaping the city centre under current conditions. This is a pragmatic shift in perspective, as shown in this paper by the case of Frankfurt am Main. The city centre must finally open up to residents, who are more than just consumers. It must provide offers for everyday life: spaces for the appropriation of individuals and groups which serve to promote identification through participation. Participation has at least as strong an effect as the identity-forming power of historical icons. Therefore, in addition to the material foundations of the built city, greater emphasis must be placed on the non-material skills of those who live the city centre. It would be an illusion to think that there is a way back to the old town centre as we know it from history. This belongs to the past. Today’s shaping of the city centre must be conceptualised within the framework of current possibilities. For this reason, the aspect of participation must be rethought. Cities must create an economic and political openness for this. The space of the city centre must once again belong to everyone.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Explicit periodic solution for the threeparabolic problem in the unbounded strip with boundary conditions of Riquier type]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026014</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The subject of the paper is the construction of an explicit periodic solution to the boundary problem for a nonhomogeneous threeparabolic equations of sixth order considered in the unbounded space-time layer with boundary conditions of Riquier type. To construct the solution we shall apply the convenient heat iterated Green potentials compatible with boundary condition and the threeparabolic potential compatible with source function.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Visual Semiotics in Architectural Competitions: VELUX Award Case Study]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026013</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 31 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article explores visual semiotics in architectural competitions through VELUX Award case study, analyzing signifier-signified dynamics in daylight-focused designs. It draws on Saussurean concepts to decode how presentation boards communicate conceptual depth beyond technical form. Visuals function as semiotic systems where technical and atmospheric elements evoke profound conceptual meanings in daylight-focused designs. The analysis highlights that effective signifier-signified approaches enhance intentional and multidimensional architectural communication. Visual semiotics in architectural competitions is described through analysis of 11 editions of the International VELUX Award for Students of Architecture (2004–2024).]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Elastic pattern transformation in microstructure of cellular auxetic materials in compression test]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026012</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The goal of this paper is to investigate the pattern transformation in auxetic material microstructure in compression loading. Nonlinear behavior resulting from large microstructural beams deflection and buckling is analysed. Deformation study in compression test is performed using ABAQUS by conducting finite element calculation. Timoshenko beam elements are used for material microstructure discretization. Calculations lead to obtaining nonlinear equilibrium paths. The analysis allow to asses values of critical stress and critical strains. Specimens of increasing size consisting of elemental segments are analyzed. Influence of geometric microstructural parameters on the type of pattern transformation and response of material as equivalent continuum is studied.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Measurements of chlorophyll content in freshwater phytoplankton]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026011</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study investigates eutrophication in Kraków’s urban freshwater bodies by analysing chlorophyll-α concentrations, which indicate phytoplankton biomass. We measured chlorophyll-α using fluorescence in four lakes: Staw Płaszowski, Zalew Nowohucki, the pond in Park Lotników, and Staw Dąbski and applied the Trophic State Index (TSI) to evaluate their eutrophication levels. Staw Płaszowski showed stable, low chlorophyll-α levels, suggesting resistance to significant phytoplankton blooms. In contrast, Zalew Nowohucki exhibited notable chlorophyll-α fluctuations and peaks, indicating variable conditions and nutrient inputs. The pond in Park Lotników and Staw Dąbski also displayed variability with rapid chlorophyll-α peaks, indicating increased susceptibility to eutrophication. Cyanobacteria content varied, no cyanobacterial blooms reached critical levels. TSI classifications were: Staw Płaszowski as mesotrophic, Zalew Nowohucki as eutrophic, and the pond in Park Lotników as mesotrophic. Staw Dąbski showed seasonal fluctuations between mesotrophic and eutrophic states. Effective management requires a comprehensive approach, integrating multiple environmental factors and extensive sampling. Future research should focus on long-term monitoring and broader watershed considerations, including urban lakes, for effective eutrophication management.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A note about the life and scientific achievements of Zbigniew Kowalski (1924–1992)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026009</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The present paper contains biography of Zbigniew Kowalski (1924–1992). Information about his major scientific achievements in the field of ordinary and partial differential equations is given. A complete bibliography of Zbigniew Kowalski is also provided.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Analysis of wastewater treatment efficiency in the region of Lake Czorsztyn]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026010</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The aim of this study was to analyze the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes in fifteen wastewater treatment plants located in the region of Lake Czorsztyn, which functions as both a direct and indirect receiver of treated effluents from these facilities. The analyzed wastewater treatment plants are situated in the following localities: Czarny Dunajec, Czorsztyn, Dębno, Frydman, Kluszkowce, Krempachy, Krościenko, Łopuszna, Maniowy, Niedzica, Sromowce Niżne, Sromowce Wyżne, Szczawnica, Trute, and Trybsz. The assessment of treatment efficiency in these facilities was performed based on the calculation of the average reduction degree (η) of selected pollution indicators (BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus), as well as on the analysis of the number of exceedances of their permissible values in treated wastewater. The evaluation was based on analytical results from two years (2023–2024). High wastewater treatment efficiency was found for BOD5, CODCr, and total suspended solids (the reduction range for the analyzed contaminants was: ηBOD5 = 91.2%–99.1%, ηCODCr = 80.9%–96.7%, ηTSS = 88.5%–98.3%). For total nitrogen, the average reduction efficiency ranged from 48.2% to 96.6%, and for total phosphorus from 55.6% to 95.7%. Exceedances of permissible total nitrogen concentrations were observed in 40% of the analyzed samples from the Niedzica wastewater treatment plant, as well as single exceedances of total phosphorus limit valuess in Czarny Dunajec, Czorsztyn, and Niedzica.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[WECARE: Environmental Commons in Action, Research and Education]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026008</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the WECARE project and its methodology, as a framework for urban regeneration through the urban commons. The methodology combines research (i.e. urban and socio-environmental analysis, literature review, on-site visits and questionnaire surveys) with education on different levels and artistic actions &amp; performances. It proposes a paradigm shift from “ecosystem services” to “ecosystem commons”, emphasising community stewardship. Through Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Service-Learning, the study investigates postwar housing estates in Barcelona, Krakow, and Bucharest. The project identifies “latent commons” by mapping quantitative geodata alongside situated qualitative knowledge. On a second stage, it implements collective artistic interventions that may lay the basis for “soft infrastructures” of solidarity, fostering social cohesion and environmental agency. The results are a replicable methodology for community empowerment, proving that sustainable urban regeneration is a relational and cultural process. The findings can be useful for research &amp; educational actions conducted in multicultural districts (which involves both: students and local communities), especially the postwar prefabricated housing estates in various European countries. As well as during the participatory planning processes organized within such areas.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[AIRIS: A Real-Time Face and Object Detection System for Threat Monitoring]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026007</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study presents AIRIS (Advanced Intelligent Recognition &amp; Interception System), a real-time personal security monitoring platform integrating computer vision and artificial intelligence for mobile threat detection. The system is based on a three-layer architecture comprising adaptive face detection, temporal tracking, and hazardous object recognition using deep learning models. The main contribution lies in system-level integration and engineering validation under realistic deployment constraints. Individual identification combines embedding-based recognition with position-based tracking, while temporal persistence algorithms assess presence duration to identify potential risks. The implementation employs multithreaded processing and graceful degradation mechanisms to ensure reliable real-time operation in a wearable–mobile configuration. Experimental evaluation demonstrates 87% trial-level detection success for hazardous object presentation trials, 91% alert correctness, and processing throughput of 5–10 FPS with 120–180 ms latency.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The railway station as a mobility node and an element of cultural heritage in the city structure. The case of Rzeszów]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026005</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article presents selected issues from the research project entitled “W ę z ł y i korytarze rozwoju funkcji metropolitalnych Rzeszowa”, which was carried out by a team of Rzeszów University of Technology employees for the Rzeszów City Development Office. The project aimed to develop an urban construction model and identify areas with high development potential. One of the most important nodes is Rzeszów Główny railway station.The publication discusses the historical importance of railway stations as elements of cultural heritage and presents selected revitalisation projects from Europe and Poland. The author defines mobility and transport nodes, using these definitions to contextualise the city of Rzeszów within the development of mobility nodes. The remainder of the article focuses on the railway station, first examining its construction history and architectural transformations, and then considering it as part of the Rzeszowskie Centrum Komunikacyjne.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Problems of preservation and restoration of former tenement houses of the late 19th and early 20th centuries (using the example of Kyiv)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026006</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article examines the stylistic features of Kyiv’s tenement houses from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. It is noted that the then urban planning requirements for street development led to unevenness in terms of architecture, which creates problems today, as secondary streets ended up in the central districts of Kyiv. The main features of tenement houses are identified, and it is argued why pseudo-styles (pseudo-Gothic, pseudo-Renaissance, pseudo-Moorish style) and neo-styles (Art Nouveau) usually remained “facade styles” without manifestations in the layout and interior. The main problems of preserving and using former tenement houses in today’s conditions are characterized.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The art gallery as a place to foster a sense of social identity]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026003</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article presents the results of sociological research, which were taken into account in the selection of means of architectural shaping of the architecture of art galleries.The aim of the study was to present how the residents of Rzeszów and the surrounding area perceive cultural institutions, to determine what architectural and urban planning solutions potential visitors to art galleries expect, and to examine the impact of cultural institutions on social integration. A survey was used as the research method to find out the opinion of the study group. The study was also intended to identify the criteria used by respondents when choosing cultural institutions. The study proved that active participation in artistic activities can contribute to the creation of social bonds and help combat loneliness and depression. Respondents pointed to the ineffective marketing activities of cultural institutions and the lack of effective communication about opportunities to participate in workshops as reasons for low attendance. In addition, visitor preferences were analysed and the marketing campaigns of cultural institutions in Rzeszów were evaluated. Respondents chose social media as their main source of information about cultural events. At the same time, they highlighted their uncertainty about the information obtained. Factors influencing the choice of cultural institutions were identified, including attractive exhibitions/performances, ticket prices and familiarity with the author/actor/creator. The results show that the group of respondents interprets the concepts of social bonds and social integration in an ambiguous way. Nevertheless, the study demonstrated that social integration through art is viewed positively by respondents.The results of sociological research became a key premise for the development of a modern art gallery in Rzeszów. The architectural design also emphasised the value of the historical site.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Specific features of Art Nouveau in large and medium-sized cities of Ukraine (using the example of Lviv and Chernihiv)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026004</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The study is devoted to identifying the features of the Art Nouveau style in different cities of Ukraine. Using the example of a comparison between the European-style Art Nouveau in Lviv and the regional “wooden Art Nouveau” in Chernihiv, it is shown how the style changes as it moves away from its centres of origin. The role and place of Lviv Art Nouveau in the formation of the Western Ukrainian Art Nouveau school is determined. The varieties of Art Nouveau in Lviv and the spread of certain varieties are characterized, the originality of the architecture of “wooden Art Nouveau” in Chernihiv is analysed. The importance of the “author’s style” in the formation of Art Nouveau buildings is determined. Typical examples of Art Nouveau varieties in Lviv are determined, the characteristics of early and late Art Nouveau are given. The manifestations of Art Nouveau elements on the facades of wooden buildings in Chernihiv and the difference in the manifestations of Art Nouveau in the main and regional centers are determined.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Analysis of parametric vibrations of a tensioned string using non-contact measurement methods]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026002</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 31 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the parametric vibrations of a pulsating tensioned string. At certain amplitudes and frequencies of excitation in the form of a variable axial force, dynamic instability arises in the system, and transverse vibrations are excited. A non-contact measurement system based on high-speed cameras and an image analysis method was used for the measurements. The eigenfrequency values of the system were determined, and the different types of resonant vibrations arising were examined in detail. In each case, the mode shape of the vibrations, motion trajectories, time traces, spectra and phase portraits of the vibrations were studied. Vibrations in single-mode simple resonances with periodic type and in-plane motion, spatial non-periodic vibrations in combination resonances and also cases of very complex non-periodic vibrations with spatial motion when different types of parametric resonances excite simultaneously were identified.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Study on defect influence on elastic stifnesses and strength of auxetic cellular materials]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2026001</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The goal of this paper is to investigate the effects of randomly removed structural members of auxetic cellular material on the evaluation of elastic constants. Statistical volume element SVE size ensuring prescribed accuracy is adopted by giving relation with the size of representative volume element RVE considering number of statistical random defects. Statistical analysis is carried out within the Mathcad code. Inverted honeycomb structures with randomly removed structural members under the typical statistical boundary conditions are considered. The study is achieved by conducting finite element calculation by means of ABAQUS FEA of the auxetic structure leading to obtaining the stiffness matrix and strength. Timoshenko beam elements are used for material microstructure discretization with special attention paid on relation of mesh density with results accuracy. Influence of geometric microstructural parameters on examples of variety of inverted honeycomb microstructures is studied. As result dependence of residual effective elastic moduli and strength on defects density for each microstructure is specified.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Erratum Template (for Editorial Use)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/ex2025015</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 26 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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