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        <title>Studia Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series Historica Feed</title>
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            <title><![CDATA[Recenzii: Raluca Marilena Dumitrescu, Icoane de secol XVI-XVII de pe teritoriul rom â nesc. Restaurarea a trei icoane din categoria tezaur, Editura Mega, Cluj-Napoca, 2024, 230 p + Anexe]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2025-0013</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Recenzii: Lucian Curelea, Desp ă r ță m â ntul Alba Iulia al Astrei (1870-1948), Cluj-Napoca, Editura Mega, 2019, 586 p.]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2025-0012</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Recenzii: Denis Dutton, Instinctul artistic. Frumuse ț e, pl ă cere ș i evolu ț ie uman ă, Grupul Editorial ART, București, 2024, 344 p.]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2025-0014</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Reprezentări Mariale Pe Sticlă Din Colecţia Dr. Nicolae Minovici - Expresie A Credinţei Și Identităţii RomâneȘti]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2025-0011</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Within the spiritual universe of Romanian culture, glass icons occupy a distinctive place, defined by a profound dialogue between faith, tradition, and aesthetic sensibility. Through this paper, we aim to highlight the collection of glass icons—focusing in particular on the Marian representations—artefacts from the iconographic holdings assembled by the renowned physician Nicolae Minovici. Our approach seeks, in a deliberately limited manner, to address the aesthetic criteria characteristic of the schools of origin, as well as certain trends and influences which, when correlated with the artistic expressions of the Romanian people, contributed to the creation of a craft with a distinct national character. The art of Transylvanian glass icons has elicited a broad and well-justified response among both Romanian and international scholars, remaining an inexhaustible subject of study to this day. Icon painters—artists of the highest order, often without formal artistic training—brought the glass icon to life by endowing it with a particular sensitivity and authenticity, notably emphasizing the expressiveness and the joy of motherhood in representations of the Virgin Mary with the Child. Reflecting on this artistic manifestation, the historian Nicolae Iorga observed that “in the painting of glass icons, the true soul of the people is interwoven.”]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Biserica De Rit Grec A Românilor Din Transilvania La Sfârşitul Veacului Al Xvlea: Abordări Moderne – Perspective Medievale]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2025-0003</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Ever since the days of Pope Pius II (1458-1464), Transylvania was another of “God’s Playgrounds”. This peculiar “status”, that may have well predated the Union of Florence (1439), left its mark on education and on scholarship, especially after the Reformation(s) set in, ultimately leading also to the Union of Alba Iulia (1697) between the local Romanian hierarchs and Rome. Through the latter union, (part of) the Romanians of Transylvania entered union with Rome. The nationalist 19th century was consequently confronted with an additional dilemma: “one nation, but at least two churches”. This was true both in the case of the Hungarians and in that of the Romanians. This dilemma survived two World Wars and the Fall of Communism. The present paper is therefore both a survey of much-debated issue (the medieval ecclesiastical hierarchy of the Romanians of Transylvania, of the Wallachians, according to the name used for them in medieval and early-modern sources) and a case-study (of the archbishopric seated in Feleac), based both on the extant medieval sources and on modern views that have often turned scientific questions into highly political matters, prior and after both World Wars.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Germanii Din Vechiul Regat În Statistici În Preajma Primului Război Modial]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2025-0004</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The number of Germans in the Old Kingdom of Romania is difficult to calculate due to the lack or contradiction of sources. Most sources conclude that the Evangelicals mounted to 15.000-20.000 people, while the total number of Germans was 50.000. It remains that the Catholics counted for 30.000. In comparison with this number, the official statistic from 1923 shows a huge difference: 715.902 Germans. We can come to the conclusion that, despite their small number (approximatively 1% before the First Worls War and 5% after the War), the contribution of Germans in the cultural, economic and educational fields deserve to be admired and appreciated.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[How We Write the (Dacian) Past? Late Iron Age Archaeology in Post-Communist Romania]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2025-0001</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper offers a critical historiographical assessment of Romanian late Iron Age archaeology in post-communist Romania, grounded in the understanding that narratives are constructed within their specific social, political, economic, and ideological contexts. Initially, post-1989 Romanian late Iron Age archaeology exhibited significant historiographical continuity, largely characterised by the élite’s strategic conversion of political capital into cultural capital rather than a genuine paradigm shift. However, the mid-1990s witnessed the emergence of new historiographical trajectories: an emphasis on material culture analysis, a nascent deconstructivism challenging established national myths, and a powerful ‘nationalist counter-offensive’ that continues to shape scholarly and public discourse. The study ultimately reveals a present-day Romanian late Iron Age archaeology oscillating between some critical endeavours and ideologically charged narratives, marked by methodological conservatism, theoretical lacunae, and a notable absence from broader European archaeological metanarratives, reflecting the complex historical, sociopolitical, and ideological forces that continue to shape the writing of the Dacian past.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[New and Old Elites Across the Carpathians. General Averescu’s Prefects in Transylvania (1920–1921, 1926–1927)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2025-0007</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper examines the recruitment strategies and profiles of prefects appointed in Transylvania (including Banat, Partium, and Maramureș) during General Alexandru Averescu’s second and third governments (1920–1921; 1926–1927). Combining appointment decrees published in the Monitorul Oficial with prosopographic and biographical sources, it traces how political change, party organization, and center– periphery dynamics shaped selections, resignations, and delegations. Quantitative evidence suggests that a large majority of prefects were locally born and legally trained, while the presence of appointees from the Old Kingdom in 1920–1921 diminished markedly by 1926–1927. The analysis underscores the prefect’s pivotal electoral role and shows how Averescu’s allies—especially in 1926—balanced local legitimacy with central control. It also situates recruitment patterns within broader political realignments and debates over administrative centralization and “Romanianisation.”]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Transylvanian Teacher and Historian Avram Sădean (1880-1914)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2025-0005</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[At the beginning of the 20th century, Avram Sădean started his activity as a teacher. He taught at the gymnasium in Brad, and since 1908 at the Pedagogical School (Preparandia) in Arad. Ever since he was a student, he has distinguished himself by his research in various archives and libraries in Vienna and Budapest, but also by participating in the Summer School organized by Nicolae Iorga in Vălenii de Munte. He researched the life and activity of Gheorghe Lazăr, but also important documents related to the history of Preparandia in Arad. As a teacher he taught numerous courses in which he advocated the modernization of Romanian society.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Die Sprachkenntnisse In Kroatienslawonien Im Zeitalter Des Dualismus (1868-1918)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2025-0006</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This text examines multilingualism and language policy in the Kingdom of Croatia– Slavonia (1868–1918) within the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, a markedly multiethnic and multilingual imperial framework. It argues that language acquired heightened symbolic and political value as administration, education, and elite culture became arenas of negotiation and conflict. After prolonged resistance to replacing Latin—used by the Croatian nobility as a social marker and as a shield against perceived Germanization or Magyarization—Croatian was finally introduced as an official language in 1847 and later reaffirmed under the 1868 Croatian–Hungarian Settlement (Nagodba). The study follows the institutional consolidation of Croatian (and the contested “Croatian or Serbian” formula), including schooling laws, the status of Cyrillic, and standardization debates around dictionaries, grammars, and the phonological orthography promoted by Ivan Broz and the “Croatian Vukovians.” It then assesses German as a lingua franca of elites and urban life, and Hungarian as a politically sensitive language tied to state symbolism and disputed assimilationist perceptions. Finally, it situates “other” minority languages within census data and migration patterns, concluding that modernization, mobility, and compulsory schooling fostered cultural homogenization while also sustaining tensions around national integration and interethnic differentiation.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Between Hope of Collaboration and the Protection of Peace: The United Nations Peacekeeping Mechanism and the Secretary-General During the Détente Period (1973-1974)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2025-0010</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[In times of crises the world tends to look to the people who might have an influence over the situation and who could solve the issue which is affecting the lives of thousands or millions of people. After the creation of the United Nations, the Secretary-General, the administrative head of the organization, is usually believed to be the one who could influence the terms of wars in one way or another as the UN was created to prevent the atrocities of the First and Second World War.In terms of the UN Charter, the main responsible for keeping the international peace and security is the Security Council, but the Secretary-General had and has an important contribution towards the ending of wars and conflicts. His ‘good offices’ and influence over the actions of states, as well as the vision over the peacekeeping mechanism was of great importance during and after the Cold War. If Dag Hammarskjöld is the one considered to have placed the basis for the peacekeeping mechanism, Kurt Waldheim is the one who continued his work and developed it during the Détente period.The present article intends to analyze if the Secretary-General does have a say in solving international crises or not by analyzing a case study of the implication Kurt Waldheim in the 1973-1974 crises of Middle East.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Running Automatic Transcription for the Most Challenging Sources: Tabular Parish Registers from Transylvania]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2025-0009</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The paper explores the challenges and adaptations required for applying Transkribus to the parish registers from Transylvania, used as main sources for the HPDT and the complexity introduced by linguistic, alphabetic, and structural diversity inherent to the sources. The denominational and ethnic mosaic of Transylvania has resulted in parish registers written in a variety of languages—Latin, Hungarian, German, and Romanian— and using diverse alphabets, including Latin, Cyrillic, and Kurrentschrift. In many instances, these multilingual registers coexist within records from the same village, further complicating the recognition process. The structure of these tables, which can vary significantly, adds another layer of complexity.The discussion is focused on adapting and developing the Transkribus platform to accurately recognize and convert the handwritten text into a format compatible with database structure. The adaptation process involves fine-tuning recognition models for each specific language, alphabet, and tabular configuration.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A Microhistory of Rurality, Nazism, and Youth Sexuality. Romanian Reports of a Medical Examination Conducted on the German Youth of Orţişoara (1942)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2025-0008</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[As part of a pronatalist propaganda campaign taken by the German Ethnic Group of Romania in 1942, two members of the organization, a doctor and a woman, went to the predominantly German village known as Orţişoara in Romanian and Orzydorf in German under the guise of conducting a medical examination for the German girls aged 16 and boys aged 18. Upon arrival, they had the participants undress and stand naked during the examination. After the examination ended, the woman delivered a speech in which she urged the girls to have children, regardless of who the father was, and that there was no shame for girls so young to be pregnant. After her oration, a majority of the teenagers allegedly went to the backyard of the community center where they engaged in sexual intercourse. The only sources that mention this event are the reports of the local gendarmes and the testimonies given by four Romanian villagers. Using discourse analysis as an approach, this paper argues that the German Ethnic Group of Romania instrumentalized sexuality as a means by which to distance the youth from the Roman-Catholic Church and make them more committed National Socialists.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Valea Mijlocie A Târnavei Mari Între Secolele Xii-Xiv. De La AȘezarea Secuilor La Rebeliunea SaȘilor Din 1324]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2025-0002</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[For the 12th century, documentary evidence is scarce and fragmentary, making archaeology essential for reconstructing the historical chronology. Archaeological data indicate that the region was inhabited primarily by the Szeklers, alongside Bissens (Hungarianized Pechenegs), as also suggested by local toponymy. Their presence in the Târnava Mare valley is linked to their function as frontier defenders of the Hungarian Kingdom.In the 13th century, written sources show the dominance of noble domains in the valley, while toward the end of the century Saxon communities began to appear, accompanied by early forms of political and jurisdictional autonomy, notably in the terra of Mediaș. By the early 14th century, noble estates and Saxon settlements coexisted in the middle Târnava Mare valley, but many Saxon communities gradually emancipated themselves from noble law, seeking Sibiu Saxon law and local autonomy. This process is reflected in documentary references to the Mediaș, Șeica Mare, and Șeica Mică Seats in 1318, the Șeica Seat in 1336, and the Sighișoara Seat in 1337.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Modernization and the re-formulation of parliamentary parties in Croatia at the turn of the century]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2024-0002</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[At the turn of the century, parliamentary life in Croatia confirmed the modernization of society. The composition of the Croatian Diet has laid more stress on elected representatives before the appointed members (Virilists). This paper will show how the parliamentary elections influenced the formation of new political parties and mobilized public opinion. It will also examine government manipulation through constituency boundaries to diminish the voting power of the opposing party. The unstoppable change of political power directly affected the political landscape, paving the way for a new type of elite. The national question became a very important topic, bringing together different factors on an ethnic basis. At the same time, the economic transition proved the social stratification of the population that affected the existing political system. The paper seeks to fill the mentioned gap in research, reconstruct the inner-party structures, and analyze its leadership. The topic of this paper also includes two cases of territorial units within the Dual Monarchy with most Croats. The examples of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, associated with the lands of the crown of St. Stephen under the Hungarian halves of Monarchy, and Istria as an integral part of Austria presented both how members of parliamentary elites cooperated despite different electoral laws. In this way, the author argues that the various groups and clubs were interconnected. They established political missions based on the integral idea of the modern nation and the perspective of parliamentary affairs as a pillar of constitutionalism.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Prelucrarea și comercializarea materialelor de pictură în Transilvania secolelor XV – XVIII]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2024-0001</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study entailed extensive laboratory and cabinet work, supported by newly discovered information from the field research undertaken. Thus, we are the participants in what follows the mysterious painting techniques and materials within the four centuries I have analysed. My aim was to bring together compelling data mostly about the pigments coming from the Eastern and the Western regions on the hectic roads often taken by the local traders. In the following paper we can enjoy numerous and diverse writings that refer to the chosen period and subject.Between the 15th and 18th centuries the painting materials were very hard to find, therefore the painter had the duty to make up for it by opting for the best quality ones and putting them to work in paintings of great sophistication, this way ensuring his next orders. There are many publications that mention the apprenticeship of craftsmen in foreign territories, including data about the arrival of established painting styles in the territory of Transylvania. After the second half of the 19th century, the modern man intervenes with a vast number of discoveries, including the coloring materials. In a relatively short period of time a multitude of synthetic pigments obtained by the interference of chemical substances in the laboratory were created. The advantage was huge, as one could purchase an original color that had never existed before, at a very low price compared to the painting materials obtained from the metals or minerals. This was quite beneficial to the painters, but devastating to their paintings, most of these materials being unstable and gradually breaking down over time.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A village in Kosovo and Metohija in the period between the two World Wars]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2024-0005</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[In Kosovo and Metohija, in the period between the two world wars, about 80% of the population lived in the countryside. Based on archival sources, press and professional literature, I try to present life in the village, which was an economic, legal and cultural-religious entity that had its own chiefs and officials, as well as obligations that all members had to perform. There were two types of villages (depending on the natural location), non-compact, in the mountainous areas, and compact, in the plains. Despite its importance in defending the interests of the community, the village had its shortcomings. The village was burdened by traditions, closedness, various customs and superstitions. However, before the beginning of the Second World War, modernization began to spread from the nearby towns to the countryside.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Cu chip sau fără chip? Limite și abordări în restaurarea chipurilor în operele de artă. Studiu de caz – restaurarea unor icoane pictate pe sticlă și pe panou de lemn]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2024-0008</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Over the centuries, visual art and society have experienced a continuous transformation of human faces. Even though the image is one of the most accessible ways of conveying information, it carries a substantial load of ideas or connotations. Thus, the artistic image and especially the faces of the characters undergo an ideological and aesthetic evolution. Throughout different historical periods, people will leave their mark on these faces in numerous forms based on various considerations. Together with historians, preservation and restoration specialists research these testimonies and ensure a good perception of their originality and veracity. The present study proposes an approach to some case studies in which the face of the characters was affected and the limits that define the restoration intervention on it.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The development of the agricultural economy in Greece during the first decades of the 20th century]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2024-0003</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The investigation of the way the agriculture development took place in Greece during the first three decades of the 20th century is of a great interest, considering the socio-political and economic changes of that period. Purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of the decisions of the governments of Eleftherios Venizelos to the promotion and development of the agricultural economy in Greece during the period 1910-1932.The objectives of this research are to investigate whether through the study of the historical archives of the specific time period, a substantial promotion of the agricultural economy will emerge and whether the decisions of the governments of Eleftherios Venizelos regarding the agricultural sector were progressively essential in the periods 1914-1917 and 1924-1930 given the historical circumstances (end of the Balkan Wars and the Asia Minor disaster). The present research uses the Grounded Theory as a methodological tool. Grounded Theory is a systematic research method according to which the generated theory is inductively derived from the study of empirical data and therefore knowledge is built as the researcher discovers logical relationships in the results of his observations to correlate them with the research data.Studying and analyzing the archives, the texts of the decisions of the Greek governments as well as the projects implemented in the period 1910-1932, Greece succeeded in the modernization of the agricultural sector and the strengthening of farmers and breeders by emphasizing the importance of the primary sector in the economic development of the country.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Spiegelung der ländlichen Welt in Studien der Zeitschrift Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialreform (1919-1937)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/sucsh-2024-0004</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The period after the Great Union is characterized by an effervescence of Romanian cultural and scientific life. According to Dimitrie Gusti, solutions must now be found to restructure and modernize society, and this can be achieved through scientific knowledge and appropriate policies. The Arhiva pentru Știința și Reforma Socială (Archive for Social Science and Social Reform) was born in response to this appeal by the founder of Romanian sociology to Romania’s intellectual elite of the interwar period. The journal - published quarterly between 1919-1937, with a last issue published (after a 6-year break) in 1943 - had a broad profile, with studies in the fields of social sciences, linguistic research, natural sciences, exact sciences, applied sciences.The studies on the peasants published in the Archive represented broad incursions into the rural society of that period and made a significant contribution to Romanian rural sociology, through their multidisciplinary and complex approach to the social units and phenomena studied. The Arhiva journal would represent the most important publication in the field of social sciences during the inter-war period in Romania and would be until 1936 - the year of the appearance of the Romanian Sociology journal - the exclusive host of monographs’ studies.The present study aims to analyze the sociological studies published in the Archive for Social Science and Social Reform (1919-1943) that approach peasantry, its social tendencies, its involvement in political and social life.]]></description>
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