Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences Feed

Artificial Intelligence in endodontics

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Artificial Intelligence (AI) operates by replicating human cognitive processes, which enables its broad application across various fields. In endodontics, AI technologies are increasingly utilized to assist in root canal treatment. Artificial Intelligence holds significant potential to enhance both diagnosis and therapy, particularly by facilitating detection of periapical lesions and root fractures. Additionally, it facilitates analysis of the pulp status through radiographic imaging, assessment of tooth morphology, determination of the length of the root canal, and prediction of treatment outcomes. This article aims to explore the role of AI in endodontics. It highlights its current applications and analyzes its prospective contributions to future root canal therapy.

The relative motion flexion splinting in the treatment of boutonnière deformity of the finger: presentation of the method and a review of the literature

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

The rupture of the central slip of the extensor tendon of the finger causes a deformity, characterized by flexion at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and hyperextension at the distal interphalangeal joint (the boutonnière deformity). Various treatments are used in this condition, including conservative and operative methods, however, there is no standard treatment guideline. The idea the relative motion flexion splint method is based on an importance of keeping the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the involved finger relatively flexed compared with these joints of the adjacent fingers. This is done with a relative motion flexion splint. Flexion in the metacarpo-phalangeal joint allows the lateral slips of the extrinsic extensor tendon to pull the lateral bands dorsal to the axis of the PIP joint. It allows also the relaxation of the intrinsic muscles and the lateral bands so they can migrate dorsal to the axis of the joint. This article presents the method and provides literature review about outcomes of treatment of the condition.

Successful surgery to reduce and fixate with the plate of neglected, displaced fracture of the distal radius

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Treatment of neglected, displaced or united distal radial fractures (DRFs) is difficult, because it requires either wedging the almost consolidated fracture and reduction to the correct position, or cutting the united bone and putting it in the correct position (corrective osteotomy). Both treatments are associated with the risk of failure and complications. The paper presents a case of almost fully united DRF in a man, in whom 5 weeks after the injury, and after unsuccessful primary fixation with K-wires, the bone fragments were surgically wedged, aligned and fixed with a palmar plate. The result of treatment after 2 months was satisfactory. Early surgery allowed for a significant shortening of the recovery period and allowed the patient to return to work.

The role of HIF-1α in neovascular ophthalmologic diseases – literature review

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Worldwide, across all age groups, there is a high prevalence of eye diseases with a neovascular component, which are a significant cause of vision impairment. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) is a key regulator in the body’s adaptation to hypoxic conditions and the cellular response to oxidative stress. Additionally, it plays a crucial role in erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, and mitochondrial metabolism. This multifunctional action makes it significant in the pathogenesis and progression of neovascular eye diseases. According to available literature, HIF-1 plays a key role in the progression of ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity, neoplastic conditions (uveal melanoma, retinoblastoma), corneal neovascularization, and the neovascular form of pterygium. This literature review summarizes the latest scientific findings regarding the role of HIF-1 in neovascular eye diseases and its potential significance in the context of developing modern therapeutic strategies.

Study on Bosnian unexplained abortions (BUNA) and the introgression from Neanderthal Man, rs1042838 of PGR gene

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Introduction: In European couples infertility varies 5–24%. The progesterone receptor (PGR) encoded by the PGR gene plays a key role in many reproductive pathways. In our study, for the first time among European populations, the potential association of PGR rs1042838 with spontaneous abortions (SA), was investigated. Materials and methods: The TaqMan SNP assay was used in a group of 154 women with SA and 154 controls – mothers with at least 1 live-born child for genotyping the rs1042838 of Results: The prevalence of genotypes GG, GT, TT in women with and without SAs were: 72.8%, 22.7%, 4.5% and 61.0%, 34.4% and 4.6%, respectively (p = 0.080). Conclusions: Due to the fact that in some populations rs1042838 is rare, its confirmation as a genetic marker of SA requires further studies in larger groups and different populations.

Psychosocial functioning, coping strategies, and social support in patients after surgical treatment of kidney cancer

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common urinary tract cancers and its treatment, despite its efficacy, is often associated with a high psychological and social burden. With increasing incidence rates and improving survival, psychosocial aspects related to patients’ functioning after surgical treatment are becoming increasingly important. The level of acceptance of the illness, coping strategies and the availability of social support appear to be particularly important. The aim of this study was to assess the level of acceptance of the disease, coping strategies and the extent of social support received in patients after surgical treatment of RCC. Materials and methods: Eighty-five patients undergoing surgical treatment at the Department of Urology and Urological Oncology of the Teaching Hospital No. 2 in Szczecin were included in the study. A diagnostic survey method and 3 tools were used: Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (Mini-MAC) and Social Support Questionnaire (ISSB). Results: The mean level of disease acceptance among patients was moderate (M = 24.89, SD = 6.37). The most frequently used coping strategy was fighting spirit (M = 22.38), while helplessness was the least used (M = 15.42). Constructive coping styles were prevalent (high level in 50.59% of respondents), whereas destructive styles were typically low (43.53%). Social support was reported at a moderate frequency across all domains (emotional, informational, instrumental, valuing), typically occurring once per week. Significant correlations were observed between age and positive reappraisal (r = 0.22, p = 0.043), and between helplessness and informational support (r = 0.263, p = 0.015). Respondents with secondary education demonstrated higher levels of fighting spirit compared to those with vocational education (p = 0.019). Conclusions: Patients after surgical treatment of RCC presented moderate levels of disease acceptance and preferred constructive coping strategies. Social support was present to a moderate extent. Age and education influenced selected aspects of psychological adaptation, whereas no correlation was found between the level of disease acceptance and coping styles.

Woman on the autism spectrum – challenges and expectations of perinatal care. A qualitative study

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Introduction: The way individuals perceive the world and interact socially has a profound influence on their daily functioning. For neurodivergent individuals, including those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), atypical cognitive and behavioral patterns affect communication, self-expression, and social engagement. The number of ASD diagnoses is rising, in part due to broader diagnostic criteria and increased awareness. Women on the spectrum often remain undiagnosed until adulthood, limiting access to early support. This delayed recognition can become particularly significant during critical life stages, such as pregnancy and childbirth, where unique challenges arise. Autistic women may experience heightened sensory sensitivity, difficulty in communicating their needs, and increased vulnerability in medical settings. Despite this, research on their perinatal experiences remains scarce. Methods: A case study was prepared based on the history of a patient diagnosed with ASD. Information was obtained using in-depth interview techniques with the patient, conducted on October 16, 2023. The interview lasted 46 min, was recorded, and then transcribed verbatim. Data from the interview were interpreted using descriptive analysis. Results: The study showed dissatisfaction with the quality of perinatal care, including the approach of medical staff and their preparation, failing to meet specific functional needs. The results also highlighted ways to improve the quality of care and identified aspects of healthcare services for patients on the autism spectrum to which medical staff should pay particular attention. Conclusions: Detailed standards and procedures for perinatal care for women on the autism spectrum should be developed and integrated into clinical practice in Poland, grounded in research on these women’s experiences. Healthcare personnel training and stance should also be changed to meet the needs of mothers.

The potential of implementing electronic health record applications using cloud-based low-code platforms

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

This work attempts to answer how the latest cloud computing technologies and low-code software development tools can support modern health care. The main scope of the work was the design and implementation of an application using the Microsoft Power Platform environment, including Microsoft Power Apps and Microsoft Dataverse. Testing the implemented application formed the basis for discussion and enabled the formulation of potential benefits, limitations, and possible future enhancements of the proposed solution. The development of this project demonstrated great potential for using Microsoft Power Apps. It was considered important for expanding telemedicine systems, improving access to medical information, and optimizing working time.

Enucleation of the median nerve tumour under WALANT: a case report

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A case of a median nerve tumour (schwannoma) located in the distal part of the forearm, which was enucleated from the nerve under local anaesthesia (WALANT), without the use of a tour-niquet on the arm to obtain a bloodless surgical field, is presented. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first described case of nerve tumour surgery under this anaesthesia. It shows that operation of nerve tumours can be performed under WALANT, without deteriorating of patients’ safety and surgeons comfort. The authors believe that presentation of this case can be interesting for hand surgeons and will encourage them to extend the scope of operations performed under WALANT.

Muscle tissue content and spirometry variables in a nursing home women

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Introduction: It is unclear how exactly sarcopenia affects pulmonary function. The aim of the conducted research was to examine whether the level of skeletal muscle mass development differentiates ventila-tory function in older women living in nursing homes in Poland. Materials and methods: Forty-four women, aged 73 ±3, were divided into 2 groups: with less total muscle mass (group 1, n = 21) and with higher total muscle mass (group 2, n = 23) content of body muscle tissue. It was assumed that the subjects were not underweight or obese. They were non-obese, non-smokers, and with no overt diseases other than sarcopenia. The assessment of pulmonary function was based on spirometry. The following variables were evaluated: BMI, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC. Results : Women with normal muscle mass content enjoyed significantly higher mean levels of the following variables: FVC p < 0.0001, FEV1 p < 0.0001, FEV1/FVC p = 0.009. Conclusions: It seems likely that the decrease in muscle mass of old age may substantially impact the ventilatory function in women.

Selected aspects of the lifestyles of paramedics working in the National Emergency Medical Services system and the sense of generalized self-efficacy in the peri-pandemic period COVID-19

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Introduction: Chronic exposure to stress significantly affects the deterioration of health. Inrecent years, the occurrence of the COVID-19 epidemic condition, and with it the deterioration of working conditions and the concomitant increase in the number of patients in serious condition, has increased stress in the professional duties as well as in the daily lives of paramedics. The study attempts to analyze selected aspects of the lifestyles of paramedics working in the National Emergency Medical Service system and the impact of the pandemic on their professional and daily lives. Materials and methods: The study was conducted by means of a questionnaire among 100 active paramedics. Results: Statistical analysis showed that raters with active lifestyles and high levels of generalized self-efficacy were significantly more likely to consume fruits and vegetables (p < 0.0023, p < 0.0035), dairy products, nuts and almonds (p < 0.018, p < 0.0021), fish (p < 0.0040) and isotonic drinks (p < 0.0001) than raters with low self-efficacy. Assessment of cigarette smoking (including e-cigarette) indicated that the majority of raters (55%) smoked. In terms of ways of coping with stress, the following ways of relieving tension were identified: smoking (27%), listening to music or watching a movie (23%), physical activity (22%), drinking alcohol after work (19%). An analysis of the IPAQ questionnaire determined a high level of physical activity in 22% of the subjects, a sufficient level in 38%, and an insufficient level in 40%. There was no statistically significant relationship between physical activity and the level of self-generalized efficacy of paramedics (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The analysis of selected aspects of lifestyle in the study group in relation to sense of generalized self-efficacy showed no significant relationships between self-assessment of health, level of physical activity, and the severity of these behaviors. The dietary assessment showed abnormalities related to infrequent consumption of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, nuts, fish, and frequent consumption of sweets, drinks with high sugar levels.

Gut microbiota disorders and ophthalmic diseases

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Introduction The intestinal microbiota is one of the key elements in maintaining human homeostasis. Disruption of its balance, known as dysbiosis, is now increasingly implicated as a contributing factor for many diseases, including ophthalmic conditions. Materials and methods This review synthesizes a current literature review 2020–2025 addressing the relationship between the interplay between gut microbiota dysbiosis and major ophthalmic disorders, notably age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and autoimmune uveitis. Results Potential pathogenic mechanisms are discussed, including compromised intestinal barrier integrity, aberrant immune activation, the presence of bacterial endotoxins (e.g., LPS), and the influence of microbially derived metabolites on the gut–retina axis. Particular emphasis is placed on the roles of Th17 and Treg cells, inflammatory cytokines, and the importance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), among other bioactive molecules. The significance of the neonatal microbiome and its influence on the development of ophthalmic diseases in premature infants is also highlighted. Conclusions Gut microbiota dysregulation may represent a key contributor in the development and progression of several ophthalmic conditions. The microbiota–gut–retina axis represents an emerging and promising therapeutic target for future research and therapies. Integrating microbiota-targeted interventions may significantly improve treatment outcomes and quality of life for ophthalmic patients.

Recent findings on astrocyte and microglia impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in cadmium-induced inflammation: a review

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

The rapid development of industry has led to severe cadmium (Cd) pollution. Recent studies highlight that heavy metals, such as cadmium, accumulate within the food chain, exacerbating the public health crisis associated with these toxic substances. The health effects of cadmium exposure can manifest in both short--term and long-term contexts, significantly impacting various bodily systems. Cadmium accumulation has been correlated with neurotoxic effects that impair cognitive functions and motor skills, ultimately diminishing quality of life. The neurotoxicity of Cd is complex – it affects neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, resulting in the disruption of central nervous system homeostasis. Cadmium activates microglia and induces inflammation in astrocytes primarily through the TLR4/NF-kB pathway, leading to increased production of TNF-α and IL-6. The neurotoxic effects of Cd are also a result of increased oxidative stress, apoptosis initiation in astrocytes, and Cd-induced changes in mitochondrial function. Chronic Cd exposure may promote the aging of microglial cells. Microglia and astrocytes are in constant communication, a change in the function of one drives the dysfunction of the other, exacerbating inflammatory and apoptotic processes in glial cells. Additionally, due to the direct cooperation between glial cells and neurons, this will contribute to neuronal dysfunction, which may be associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Future research on Cd toxicity in glial cells is needed to enhance our understanding and develop effective mitigation strategies.

Immunoregulatory role of miR-155 in cholestatic liver diseases: implications for primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are chronic cholestatic liver diseases characterised by progressive bile duct injury, persistent cholestasis, fibrosis and eventual cirrhosis. Growing evidence indicates that epigenetic mechanisms, particularly microRNAs, play an important role in their pathogenesis. Among them, microRNA-155 (miR-155) has emerged as a central immunoregulatory molecule involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. MicroRNA-155 regulates key inflammatory signalling pathways, including NF-κB and Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT, and interferes with bile acid homeostasis through suppression of the farnesoid X receptor, thereby contributing to sustained cholestasis and inflammatory injury. Increased expression of miR-155 has been observed in liver tissue, serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with PBC and PSC, reflecting local and systemic immune activation. Importantly, miR-155 also links chronic inflammation with impairment of the mismatch repair system and microsatellite instability, promoting colorectal carcinogenesis in patients with PSC associated with ulcerative colitis. This review summarises the biogenesis, regulation and pathogenic significance of miR-155 in PBC and PSC, with particular emphasis on its role in mismatch repair dysfunction and emerging therapeutic implications.

Oral hygiene habits in patients taking glucagon like peptide-1 analogues

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Introduction: Patients with unstable blood glucose levels require particular attention to oral hygiene due to diabetes-related symptoms and pharmacotherapies, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. These agents may modify the oral environment, potentially affecting the incidence of dental and periodontal pathologies. The aim of this study was to assess oral hygiene among patients using GLP-1 analogues, taking into account their side effects and testing the hypothesis that GLP-1 therapy might be associated with inadequate oral care. Materials and methods: An anonymous survey (26 questions) regarding general health, oral hygiene practices, and ongoing pharmacotherapy was shared via social media groups of patients taking GLP-1 analogues. Responses concerning hygiene habits, use of dental aids, and the occurrence of oral lesions were collected and analyzed. Results: Most respondents reported adherence to recommended oral hygiene routines. However, a noticeable increase in aphthous ulcers was observed during periods of gingivitis/periodontal disease compared to before GLP-1 analogue therapy. This could suggest that GLP-1 medications influence the oral environment, potentially exacerbating inflammatory changes when hygiene or regular dental check-ups are insufficient. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for more frequent dental check-ups and heightened awareness of daily oral hygiene among patients on GLP-1 therapy. Preventive measures and early intervention may help mitigate the risk of periodontal complications.

Can we predict the co-occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and uric acid urolithiasis? Assessment of prevalence based on findings in preoperative computed tomography imaging

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Introduction: Observational studies have already shown an association between the co-occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and urinary tract stones. A plausible mechanism for their development is the increased consumption of high-fat foods and fructose syrup, which if consumed in excess, is metabolized to uric acid. Its excessive concentration in the urine lead to the development of urolithiasis. Therefore, it can be assumed that NAFLD will most often co-occur with uric acid stones. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the co-occurrence of both diseases based on findings in preoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging. Materials and methods: The study population included all consecutive patients with urinary tract stones who underwent surgical treatment between 2019–2022. A total of 228 patients were enrolled in this study and evaluated for the presence of strict exclusion criteria. After applying the exclusion criteria 124 patients undergoing surgical treatment of urolithiasis were included in the further analysis. Results: Uric acid deposits defined as stones with a density <500 HU were found in 12.90% of patients. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed in 28 patients, as many as 42.86% of whom were diagnosed with uric acid stones (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the incidence of both disease entities at 0.483 (Q-Yule coefficient). Conclusions: The presence of NAFLD in imaging studies is more often found in patients with uric acid stones. Therefore, diagnosis of co-occurrence of both conditions might allow the implementation of appropriate treatment without the need for chemical analysis of the deposit.

Interposition of the index flexor digitorum superficialis tendon beneath a fragment of the distal radius fracture: a case report

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

High-energy distal radius fractures are characterized by significant displacement of bone fragments, articular surface damage, and ligamentous injury. Tendon interposition between bone fragments occurs very rarely. In this report, we present a case of a complex distal radius fracture in which intraoperative findings revealed interposition of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon of the index finger beneath one of the fracture fragments. The exceptional rarity of this situation prompted the authors to report this case.

Assessment of the risk of orthorexia in a group of people associated with the profession of a dietitian

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Introduction: Nowadays, due to social media, cultural and social factors, there is an increasing trend in the occurrence of eating disorders. One of them is orthorexia, defined as excessive thinking and concentration on food perceived as healthy. A group particularly at risk of this disorder is considered to be people associated with the profession of a dietitian. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of orthorexia in a group of people associated with the profession of a dietitian. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a group of 303 people associated with the profession of a dietitian. The study was conducted using an original questionnaire enriched with the previously validated ORTO-15 questionnaire. The cut--off point was set at 35 points. The lower the result, the higher the risk of orthorexia. The study shows that the study group belonged to the risk group of people affected by orthorexia. Results: Almost half of the study group – 54.1% (n = 164) received a result from the ORTO-15 questionnaire indicating the occur-rence of orthorexia. What is more, it was noticed that the largest number of respondents – 62.6% (n = 67) who were diagnosed with a high risk of orthorexia were in the age group of 19–24, while the smallest group in this respect were people from the age group of 35–60 – 47.1% (n = 32). Additionally, the study shows that in the group of people with a BMI indicating excessive body weight, the risk of orthorexia was found among 66.7% (n = 18) of the respondents, while among people with a BMI indicating a normal body weight, 52.9% (n = 146) of the respondents. Conclusions: Based on the study, it was noticed that the occur-rence of eating disorders is influenced by many factors, and one of them is the profession.

What do we know about ADHD?

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), classified in ICD-10 as hyperkinetic disorder (HD), is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions, affecting approx. 5–7% of children and 2.5–4% of adults. Despite decades of research, its clinical presentation remains heterogeneous and debated, with diagnostic differences between ICD-10 and DSM-5. Core symptoms – inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity – significantly impair social, academic, and emotional functioning and frequently co-occur with oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders. Historically, the concept of ADHD evolved from early descriptions of “moral control defects” to contemporary evidence of neurobiological underpinnings. Neuroimaging studies demonstrate reduced volumes of frontal lobes, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and abnormalities within fronto-striatal and limbic networks. Neuropsychological models highlight impaired response inhibition, executive dysfunction, and difficulties with delayed reward processing. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is highly heritable (70–80%), with numerous candidate genes implicated in dopaminergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic pathways. However, its etiology is multifactorial, involving complex gene–environment interactions. Environmental risk factors include prenatal exposure to nicotine and alcohol, toxic pollutants, maternal stress, and broader psychosocial influences. Given its strong links with emotional difficulties, behavioural disorders, and addiction risk in adolescence, ADHD represents a major public-health challenge. A comprehensive understanding of its neurobiology, developmental trajectory, and etiological complexity is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective individualized treatment.

Stigmatization of patients with obesity in the healthcare system: a study of discrimination by medical staff

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease with a complex etiology, leading to excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. Its treatment is challenging, and the absence of effective therapy results in complications that place a significant burden on the healthcare system. The stigmatization of obesity is rooted in misconceptions, biases, and stereotypes, which hinder weight reduction efforts and contribute to negative psychological, health-related, and social outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of stigmatization and discrimination against patients with obesity by healthcare personnel. Materials and methods: The study was conducted using a questionnaire consisting of demographic questions and items assessing attitudes toward obesity and experiences with the stigmatization of obese patients. The survey was carried out among 148 employees of medical facilities located in the Silesian Voivodeship. The collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. Results: Most respondents reported neutral emotions toward obese patients. Nearly half had witnessed situations in which an obese patient was subjected to discriminatory behavior, although respondents did not perceive such incidents as widespread. Despite existing biases, the vast majority of healthcare personnel expressed a willingness to collaborate with patients with excessive body weight. Conclusions: The study revealed the presence of certain biases toward patients with obesity. A better understanding of these prejudices and misconceptions may contribute to improved quality of care, which is essential for the effective treatment of excessive body weight.