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            <title><![CDATA[Erratum to: Integrated Mathematical Modelling of theHusking-Separation-Pressing Technological Chain for Safflower Seed Processing]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.53</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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            <title><![CDATA[Data-Driven Analysis of Omnichannel Purchasing Pathways: Age and Gender Effects Across Retail Product Categories]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.34</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The emergence of omnichannel environments has transformed consumer purchasing into a highly complex, multistage decision-making process, generating nonlinear demand signals that heavily influence retail logistics, inventory optimization, and production engineering systems. Moving beyond the binary choice between online and offline commerce, omnichannel purchasing reflects structured pathways through which consumers allocate information search and transaction activities across multiple touchpoints. This paper investigates how age and gender influence these purchasing pathways across selected product categories using a data-driven analytical framework. The empirical analysis is based on primary survey data collected from 889 consumers with prior omnichannel purchasing experience. To identify systematic differences and predictive patterns in purchasing behavior, categorical data analysis methods are employed, including chi-square tests of independence, association measures, and multinomial logistic regression (MLR). The results indicate that omnichannel purchasing behavior varies significantly across age groups, with younger consumers displaying stronger tendencies toward digitally completed transactions, even when physical stores are involved in the earlier stages of the purchasing process. Older consumers exhibit greater reliance on in-store purchasing in selected product categories, suggesting differences in channel substitution and complementarity. Gender-based variations further shape purchasing pathways, particularly in webrooming and showrooming behaviors, highlighting the importance of demographic segmentation in channel integration strategies. Additional heterogeneity was observed in channel interaction patterns across demographic segments, further reinforcing the structured nature of omnichannel purchasing pathways. These findings provide insights into demand allocation across channels and offer implications for the design and evaluation of omni-channel retail systems within contemporary digital economies.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence in ESG Reporting: A Scopus-Based Bibliometric Analysis and Conceptual Model for Data-Driven Decision Support]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.35</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this manuscript is to review the role of AI in evolving ESG reporting from a historical, compliance-driven approach toward an integrated analysis and decision-support system. The analysis is based on a bibliometric analysis of manuscripts gathered from the Scopus database, with 765 publications from 2004–2026. It was performed keyword co-occurrence analysis using VOSviewer to reveal the main thematic clusters and structure of the research field. An analysis was also performed by using the Ishikawa diagram and a Pareto–Lorenz analysis to determine whether this degree of concentration was indicative of the relative importance among key concepts. The results reflect an increased role for technologies like machine learning and natural language processing in the analysis of ESG data, notably unstructured information. Among the most common were key drivers of AI adoption, such as regulatory pressure, stakeholder expectations and the desire to improve data quality. In this context, the manuscript seeks to propose a conceptual model for AI–driven transformation of ESG reporting, whereby AI serves as an integrating factor connecting data processing and analytics, decision-making and due diligence and enforcement in practice.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Integrated balanced scorecard model for production safety incorporating the Industry 4.0 perspective]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.33</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The aim of this study was to develop a five-layer balanced scorecard (BSC) model for production safety, expanded to include a digital perspective consistent with the Industry 4.0 concept and to develop a strategy map. This approach enables the integration of strategic and operational objectives, the identification of cause-and-effect relationships, and their mapping within the structure of key performance indicators (KPIs). The research used a literature review, a conceptual approach, and elements of systems modelling. The research was carried out in close collaboration with a manufacturing company, allowing the adaptation of the developed model based on actual process data and its partial verification in a production environment. This solution increased the applicability of the proposed approach. The research results indicate that expanding the classic Balanced Scorecard with a digital component enhances the company’s ability to make sound decisions in conditions of rapid development and high technological risk.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Integrated Mathematical Modelling of the Husking-Separation-Pressing Technological Chain for Safflower Seed Processing]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.32</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study presents an integrated mathematical model of the technological processing chain for safflower seeds, comprising husking, pneumatic separation, and pressing operations. The model is based on energy and momentum balance equations and enables the engineering analysis of the interactions between consecutive unit operations within the technological chain. For the mechanical husking stage, the critical conditions of husk rupture while preserving kernel integrity were determined, allowing the identification of optimal operating regimes for raw material pretreatment.Modeling of pneumatic classification demonstrated the existence of a stable aerodynamic separation zone in which the air flow entrains husk particles while kernels remain in the separation channel. The calculated process parameters indicate that approximately 43% of the kernel and 25% of the husk can be recovered, resulting in a theoretical final kernel yield of about 73% when the efficiencies of husking and separation are considered. The pressing stage was analyzed using a momentum-based mechanical model describing the balance of forces acting in the pressing zone. The results show that the technologically efficient operating range of pressing lies between approximately 7 and 20 MPa. Within this range, about 66% of the theoretical oil content is released at the initial pressing stage, while increasing pressure towards the upper limit of the operating zone allows the oil yield to approach 95%, though at lower energy efficiency. The proposed modeling approach enables analysis of the safflower processing line as an integrated technological system. It provides a theoretical basis for the engineering design and optimization of industrial oilseed processing.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Doomscrolling as Occupational Hazard: A Conceptual Framework Linking Digital Distraction to Safety Performance in Manufacturing]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.28</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Doomscrolling as the compulsive, self-reinforcing consumption of negative online news – has emerged as a documented occupational behaviour with measurable consequences for employee psychological well-being and work engagement. Despite growing empirical attention, there is a lack of studies examining doomscrolling in manufacturing environments, where attentional failures carry direct and potentially irreversible safety consequences. This paper addresses that gap through a systematic literature review conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, retaining sixteen studies spanning multiple countries for synthesis. Evidence is organised into three streams. The first establishes theoretical and contextual foundations of doomscrolling as an affect-driven subtype of cyberloafing shaped by algorithmic amplification and developmental factors. The second synthesises empirical evidence on psychological effects among working adults: across four independent samples, doomscrolling consistently predicted rumination, psychological distress, existential anxiety, and reduced work engagement, with a weighted effect size of d = 0.88 for the distress–anxiety pathway – a large effect appears notably larger than effect sizes commonly reported for general internet use at work, though direct comparison is constrained by construct heterogeneity. The third draws on bridge evidence from industrial settings linking problematic internet use and deviant cyberloafing to diminished safety behaviour in mining and healthcare contexts. A conceptual model integrating these pathways through Conservation of Resources Theory is proposed, identifying three parallel depletion mechanisms – rumination, attentional depletion, and psychological distress – that translate doomscrolling into reduced safety compliance, elevated human error, and productivity loss. Four empirical propositions are advanced to guide future research in manufacturing contexts.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The role of spaces in managers’ perception of workplace quality]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.29</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Space is one of the fundamental dimensions of our world, even the world of organizations. Most often, however, researchers do not dedicate much attention to this issue in their studies. Mostly, space is considered as an operational category related to the concept of distance, in the case of logistics, the spatial organization of production systems or, finally, as a general expression of the internal architecture of enterprises. Thus, there is a research gap related to the study of the space of organizations. The paper addresses the issue of spaces from the perspective of workplace quality. It presents the results of surveys of managers in the context of assessing various aspects of space that affect the perception of workplace quality. The reported research presents matters of perception of selected aspects of space such as personalized workplace, shared spaces or the overall structure of buildings. The issue of open and closed spaces was also analysed. The results of the study indicate that the most practical, or pragmatic, dimensions of space, such as the immediate space surrounding the workplace, shared spaces like the cafeteria or kitchen, are the most important for managers’ perception of workplace quality. In addition, it seems that closed spaces are better evaluated from the point of view of workplace quality in relation to open spaces. In both cases, however, there are favourable and unfavourable spaces quality aspects. The following paper seeks to fill a small part of the research gap and contribute to the discussion of the practical aspects of the perception of organizational space.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A Criteria-Based Model for Assessing the Social Efficiency of Agile Project Management in Production-Oriented Organizations under Crisis Conditions]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.38</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Achieving effective performance in production-oriented organizations under crisis conditions depends on the implementation of agile project management models. As an innovative model, Agile management requires robust tools to measure not only economic indicators but also the social utility generated for both the enterprise and society. Therefore, this study aims to conceptualize a system for measuring and evaluating the social efficiency of Agile project management in crisis situations. The social efficiency of Agile management is defined as the ratio of an organization’s project performance to the volume of available team resources utilized to achieve it, underpinned by high-quality project activities, the personal values of team members, and shared social capital. The criteria-based model for measuring the social efficiency of Agile project management comprises three interconnected levels of evaluation: general social efficiency, special social efficiency, and concrete social efficiency in the analysis of project management within production-oriented organizations. The proposed framework of criteria, indicators, data sources, measurement scales, and evaluation procedures for each level of social efficiency allows for a clear distinction between strategic, organizational-process, and applied outcomes of Agile management. The primary factors in achieving the social efficiency of Agile management include flexible and mobile project-oriented interaction among participants, organizational adaptability of management, team social capital, and value-oriented cooperation. The proposed model enables the operationalization of social efficiency metrics for Agile project management and facilitates their comprehensive evaluation within production-oriented organizations during crises.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Analyzing the Impact of Workload Norms and Order Fill Rate on Job Shop Performance]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.37</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The Garment manufacturing industry is facing several challenges in meeting its customer requirements due to uncertainties associated with production. Varieties of products that include many components to be produced on different machines having variations in terms of due dates and labour productivity which would make the job shop complicated for scheduling. Hence, an investigation is necessary to evaluate the influence of above underlying factors on the shop’s performance. The conceptual model was initially developed, that represents the problem entity followed by the development of a simulation model on a discrete event simulation platform. The resource capacity, process timings and other related data required for feeding the model were collected through process observation techniques. The model was then validated by conducting sensitivity analysis for evaluating the model structure, logic, and causal relationships. Artificial scenarios were generated to experiment with the model performance that mimics real time situations in terms of varying the fill rate and workload norms at distinct levels. Effectiveness of order release policies and priority dispatching rules were monitored by conducting 90 experiments determined through design of experiments. Influence of the workload control methods were evaluated through Analysis of Variance techniques to understand the percentage contribution of each variable on performance. The influence of these variables on different output measures was evaluated through Tukey tests. The experimentation revealed that flowtime is influenced to the extent of 59.72 percent by workload norms and order release methods have 59.2 percent influence on throughput.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A Study of Optimum Conditions for the Production of a Prototype of Nakhon Si Thammarat’s Niello with 3D Printing]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.30</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study employed a Box–Behnken Design for experimental planning and analyzed the results using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The process parameters considered were print temperature, print speed, and infill density. Experimental results revealed that the optimal printing conditions for achieving the highest tensile strength, as determined by RSM, were a print temperature of 240 °C a print speed of 30 mm/s, and an infill density of 80%. Under these conditions, the printed specimens exhibited 36.16 MPa as the maximum tensile strength and 4.96 µm as the minimum surface roughness. The anticipated values were compared with the actual experimental data to verify the accuracy of the experimental model and response predictions. The results showed strong agreement between the predicted and experimental values, with average prediction errors of only 1.11 for tensile strength and 0.93 for surface roughness, confirming the reliability of the developed model.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Hydrogen Embrittlement and Fracture Mechanisms in Laser Beam and TIG Welded Joints of S960MC Ultra-High-Strength Steel]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.36</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The application of ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS) S960MC in safety-critical sectors is significantly limited by its susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Since welding operations fundamentally alter the optimized microstructure of the base material, understanding the response of welded joints to hydrogen is crucial. This study presents a comparative analysis of S960MC joints fabricated by Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) and Laser Beam Welding (LBW) to examine how distinct welding thermal cycles influence susceptibility to degradation. Utilizing Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT) on electrochemically charged specimens, the research aims to identify the dominant failure pathways. The results demonstrate that TIG welding, characterized by high heat input, produces a softened Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) that is highly susceptible to Hydrogen-Enhanced Localized Plasticity (HELP). In contrast, the rapid cooling in LBW promotes the formation of a hard martensitic Fusion Zone (FZ), leading to premature and catastrophic brittle failure driven by Hydrogen-Enhanced Decohesion (HEDE) at stresses well below the macroscopic yield strength. Detailed fractographic analysis confirms the synergistic interplay between HELP and HEDE mechanisms, providing critical insights into the structural integrity of UHSS weldments in hydrogen-rich environments.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Study on Feature Point Matching for Diverse Workpieces Based on an Improved Speeded Up Robust Features(SURF) Algorithm]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.31</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Owing to variations in the size, shape, moving speed, and direction of different workpieces, robotic arm vision systems exhibit insufficient capability in identifying feature points across diverse work-pieces, resulting in limited flexibility of visual recognition. To address this issue, this study focuses on feature matching methods for multi-workpiece identification, introducing a feature point matching algorithm into the visual module. Specifically, A multi-workpiece recognition feature matching method based on the improved Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithm is proposed. The method incorporates the extraction of salient regions to reduce the number of mismatched points and adopts the principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction principle to reduce the dimension of feature point description vectors, thereby shortening the matching time. Furthermore, comparative experiments were conducted against the traditional SURF algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the traditional algorithm, the improved SURF algorithm enhances recognition accuracy by over 95% and improves matching speed by nearly 50%, contributing to the further optimization of the SURF algorithm’s matching performance. Workpiece recognition experiments were conducted using a KUKA robotic arm for validation, which also confirms that the proposed improved SURF algorithm can meet the requirements of workpiece recognition in practical working environments.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Exploratory analysis of variability in municipal waste collection using RFID-based operational data: A case study from the Slovak Republic]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.39</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The objective of this case study is to identify and assess the potential for reducing variability in municipal waste collection in a selected town. The research was conducted in Michalovce, a town located in eastern Slovakia. In 2024, the municipality introduced weighing of individual municipal waste collections using modern collection vehicles and RFID-based identification, creating a detailed operational database of collection events at individual sites. Based on this dataset, we examined the variability in waste amounts at both the collection-event and collection-site levels. The analysis confirmed significant relationships between the number of containers and the amount of waste collected, and between collection frequency and total waste volume. At the same time, the results revealed operational inefficiencies, suggesting that some collection schedules could be better aligned with actual waste generation patterns. The methodology and findings can be applied directly in the town under study and may also serve as a useful reference for other municipalities in Slovakia and neighbouring countries with similar waste collection systems.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Reliability-Based Residual Service Life Assessment of CFRP-Strengthened Eccentrically Compressed Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Monte Carlo Simulation]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.27</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The degradation of reinforced concrete (RC) structural members is a pressing global issue. Demolition is expensive, time-consuming, and can compromise adjacent members. Strengthening existing members using additional steel rebar, CFRP strip, RC, or ferrocement jackets offers a practical and modern alternative. At the same time, the durability assessment of such structures remains a critical problem. The article presents the results of improving the model for the reliability-based engineering assessment of the durability (residual resource) indicator of eccentrically compressed RC columns strengthened by CFRP under different load levels, and its calibration and internal validation using data from existing experimental studies. In addition to the set of strengths, geometric, and loading stochastic parameters, the improved model’s algorithm incorporates also the so-called “activation factor of the CFRP strip” – the empirical coefficient that represents the strip’s percentage of involvement in the strengthened column, with its value depending on the load level during strengthening and the strip’s cross-sectional area. The Monte Carlo method was applied to simulate and assess the strengthened column’s ULS reserve function, and the model algorithm’s implementation was performed using the Mathcad Prime software environment. The analysis of the obtained reliability and durability (residual resource) indices for the strengthened column samples showed convergence with similar values for the CC2 consequence class of designed structures, indicating the potential for further research in this field and the possibility of their use in reconstruction practice.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A Digital Sustainability Maturity Framework for Assessing Industry 4.0 and ESG Integration]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.21</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The growing convergence of digital transformation and sustainability requirements necessitates the development of integrated analytical frameworks that enable the simultaneous assessment of an organization’s technological maturity and its ESG maturity. Existing Industry 4.0 maturity models predominantly focus on technological aspects, while ESG frameworks emphasize reporting and regulatory compliance, often overlooking the organizational and technological conditions required to achieve higher levels of maturity. Although prior research provides growing evidence on the relationships between digital transformation and sustainability, it still lacks integrated frameworks that systematically combine technological maturity, organizational capabilities, ESG maturity, and sustainability performance outcomes within a single analytical structure. The aim of this article is to address this gap by proposing the Digital Sustainability Maturity Framework (DSMF), an integrated maturity model that combines Industry 4.0 maturity, digital enablement factors, ESG maturity, and sustainability performance outcomes within a coherent cause-and-effect structure. The model is based on hypothesized relationships that digital maturity influences the development of ESG maturity both directly and indirectly through organizational capabilities related to data management, digital competencies, and process integration. This article is conceptual and methodological in nature and proposes a theoretically grounded framework for future empirical validation. It develops a theoretical framework and proposes a structured measurement instrument intended for future empirical validation. Based on a literature review, the structure of the model and a set of research hypotheses describing the relationships between its key dimensions were developed. The DSMF model was subsequently operationalized in the form of a survey instrument designed to assess an organization’s maturity level across four model dimensions. Conceptual validation and instrument development of the model was conducted, and a procedure for its empirical verification using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLSSEM) was outlined. The proposed model contributes to the literature by integrating the perspectives of digital transformation and sustainability within a single maturity framework, treating ESG maturity as a data-driven organizational capability supported by Industry 4.0 technologies. From a practical perspective, the DSMF is proposed as a potential diagnostic tool that may support managers in assessing the alignment between digitalization and ESG performance and in identifying areas requiring further development, subject to future empirical validation.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Operation-oriented numerical analysis of dynamic loads occurring in drive units of armoured face conveyors with an innovative highly flexible coupling]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.24</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[For many years, the hard coal mining industry has been searching for engineering solutions ensuring greater reliability of the machines operating in difficult underground conditions. The foregoing applies in particular to the scraper conveyors used in longwall systems, started up very frequently and exposed to variable dynamic loads, leading to accelerated wear of powertrain components. The authors of this study have developed a longwall scraper conveyor equipped with a torsionally flexible metal clutch of novel design. The article provides a description of a mathematical model of a conveyor featuring two centrally arranged chains along with a main (discharge) and auxiliary (return) drive, as well as results of the computer simulations performed for two variants of the drive system setup analysed: one with a typical flexible clutch and the other with the innovative torsionally flexible clutch. Analysis of these results has revealed that the solution proposed significantly reduces the amplitude of dynamic loads, which contributes to increased durability and reliability of conveyors under mining conditions.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A unified MILP framework for integrated serial-parallel production batching and inter-factory delivery in multi-factory environments]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.17</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study addresses the integrated serial–parallel production batching and inter-factory delivery scheduling problem in multi-factory environments – an operational configuration that has been largely overlooked in existing research. The challenge arises because upstream serial batching, downstream parallel batching, and inter-factory delivery batching are strongly interdependent, yet prior studies model them separately. To fill this gap, a unified mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation is developed to jointly determine batch formation, batch sequencing, and inter-factory release timing. The model internalizes production–delivery trade-offs and captures all major cost components, including tardiness, holding, transportation, and production. Using Gurobi, 27 OFAT-designed instances are solved to proven optimality, with solution times ranging from 427 seconds (median) to 30.8 hours for the largest cases. Sensitivity analysis reveals that unit production cost is the primary driver of total cost, while tardiness penalties have the strongest impact on batch allocation behaviour. Delivery fees moderately affect outsourcing decisions, while holding costs have a negligible impact on operations. The results provide actionable managerial insights by identifying when inter-factory delivery batching becomes economically advantageous and how batch-formation rules shape downstream workload synchronization. Overall, this study provides a unified analytical framework that explicitly links batch-based production decisions across stages with inter-factory delivery timing and shipment frequency in a multi-factory environment.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Renewable energy transition in Poland: scenario-based analysis of solar and wind integration in the power system]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.20</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article examines the current status and development prospects of renewable energy sources (RES) in Poland in the context of the national energy transition and European climate objectives. The study addresses three research questions concerning the role of RES in Poland’s energy mix, their development potential, and the main opportunities and barriers to increasing their share. The research combines a literature and data review with scenario-based simulations using the Polish Power System Simulator, based on real weather data from 2015–2023 and electricity demand from 2023. Four scenarios were analysed: the current state, PV-based, wind-based, and combined PV + wind. The results show that RES already play a significant role in Poland’s energy sector. In 2023, their share reached 27%, with total installed capacity of 28.6 GW, increasing to 33.3 GW in 2024, dominated by photo-voltaics and wind. Despite this growth, coal still accounted for 60.5% of electricity generation in 2023, indicating continued dependence on conventional sources. The analysis identifies solar and wind energy as the main drivers of future RES development. However, further expansion is limited by grid constraints, connection refusals, curtailment, regulatory barriers (including the 700 m rule for wind farms), and insufficient storage and flexibility resources. Simulation results indicate that the combined PV + wind scenario provides the most balanced and resilient system configuration due to complementary generation profiles. Nevertheless, dispatchable backup capacity remains necessary. Achieving a higher RES share is technically feasible but requires diversification, grid modernisation, expanded storage, and stable regulatory conditions.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Causes of automotive recalls and classification of product and process failures: evidence from Brazil, the European Union and the United States]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.25</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[There is growing international concern regarding product quality failures that compromise public safety, as evidenced by the increasing number of automotive recalls and the scale of affected vehicles. This study examines the phenomenon, evaluates potential responses and analyses regulatory frameworks in Brazil (BR), the European Union (EU) and the United States of America (USA). Where data were not readily available, they were obtained from official databases and via web-scraping, enabling the analysis and classification of 12,466 automotive recalls for the period 2011 to 2019. The results indicate that recall effectiveness is shaped by region-specific policy priorities and systemic factors. For Brazil, it is recommended that regulatory agencies be strengthened, nationwide periodic inspections be implemented, and advanced safety technologies be incentivised. For the United States of America, it is recommended that litigation-driven incentives be balanced, predictive analytics be expanded, and supply-chain oversight be reinforced. For the European Union, it is recommended that data reporting be harmonised, certification protocols for embedded software be developed, and cross-border enforcement mechanisms be strengthened. Across jurisdictions, the exchange of best practices is likely to improve product quality, reduce warranty costs, and mitigate risks to public safety. The findings indicate the absence of global standardisation in recall data, the greater severity of product recalls relative to process recalls, and the urgent need for coordinated strategies to reduce systemic failures. This research represents a comprehensive effort to classify and compare recall data from over 428,754,988 vehicles by cause, distinguishing between product and process recalls. Finally, the validation of web-scraping as a methodological tool demonstrates its potential applicability for future studies across diverse fields.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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            <title><![CDATA[Structural performance of repaired reinforced concrete beams with damaged compression zones: an experimental study using digital image correlation]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.22</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.30657/pea.2026.32.22</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the repair effectiveness of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with crushed compression zones and reduced tensile reinforcement. The aim was to evaluate the restoration of load-bearing capacity and flexural performance after repair using polymer-modified mortar. The experimental program included four-point bending tests, high-precision displacement monitoring, and digital image correlation (DIC). Experimental results were compared with predictions obtained from a nonlinear sectional deformation model and with reference beams having reduced reinforcement but no damaged compression zone. The repaired beams reached a reinforcement yield moment of 8.62-8.97 kNm and an ultimate bending moment of 9.5 kNm. The strain in the repaired compression zone remained below the ultimate strain capacity of the repair mortar, indicating stable composite action between the original concrete and the repair material. The repair method increased the reinforcement yield moment by approximately 35%, confirming effective restoration of the compression zone and improved structural performance. The results demonstrate the usefulness of DIC for assessing repaired RC beams and support the application of polymer-modified repair systems for beams with damaged compression zones.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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