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        <title>Journal of the Music and Entertainment Industry Educators Association Feed</title>
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            <title><![CDATA[Assessing YouTube’s Impact on the Music Industry: A Scoping Review]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/meiea-2025-0001</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Music video streaming has become a central force in the U.S. music industry since YouTube’s launch in 2005 as the first ad-supported platform to offer royalty payments. This scoping review examines the impact of music video streaming on the industry, with a particular focus on YouTube, which dominates both scholarship and practice. Of the 22 peer-reviewed studies analyzed, 21 focused on YouTube and only one addressed YouTube Music, with no substantial coverage of Apple Music, Spotify, or Amazon Music. Three primary themes emerged from the literature: music discovery, monetization, and data. The most distinctive finding is the pivotal role of user-generated content (UGC), which sets YouTube apart from other digital service providers by enabling fans and artists alike to create and distribute music-related content. UGC has altered pathways for music discovery, reshaped fan engagement, complicated copyright enforcement, and introduced new models of monetization. In addition, YouTube has made data analytics on audiences and music consumption a routine part of industry practice. These findings underscore YouTube’s unique position as both a streaming service and social media network, while also highlighting gaps in the literature on other music video streaming platforms. Future research should address the impacts of music video streaming services beyond YouTube, the intersection of live music and streaming, and the implications of artificial intelligence for music production, distribution, and revenue.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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            <title><![CDATA[Book Reviews]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/meiea-2025-0006</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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            <title><![CDATA[Photocards and Collections: The Appeal, Popularity, and Uses of K-pop Compact Disc Purchases in the United States]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/meiea-2025-0004</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Although compact disc sales in the United States are significantly smaller than they were a quarter-century ago, several of the format’s top-selling artists in recent years hail from the K-pop genre. These K-pop CDs differ from CDs of most other genres as they are often sold with creative packaging and have items inserted, such as photocards and stickers. This study aims to understand the purchase motivations and uses of the compact disc by K-pop consumers through a uses and gratifications lens. Utilizing an online questionnaire, participants noted that they purchase K-pop CDs to acquire, collect, and trade photocards; support their favorite artists; and decorate their rooms or scrapbooks. Not all play their CDs, but those who do use a variety of devices, including car stereos, home stereos, computers, and DVD players. The majority indicated that they are likely to purchase additional new K-pop CDs in the future. Musicians and record labels from other popular music genres seeking to release albums via compact disc may want to consider providing additional packaging incentives to further entice sales from their fanbases.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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            <title><![CDATA[Music Streaming: Can the Spotify Model Survive?]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/meiea-2025-0005</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Spotify was created in 2006 as a service to provide a legal method for streaming music. It quickly established itself as a market leader early in the streaming era. Despite being the industry leader, it took eighteen years of operation for the firm to become profitable. Even with steady losses, Spotify was able to attract investors due to its growth in revenue and number of subscribers. Other firms, seeing possible profit opportunities, entered into the streaming market adding to Spotify’s profitability challenges. In its efforts to become profitable, the company lowered expenses by cutting staff and using a loophole to reduce payments to music rights holders. Further, the firm raised prices to increase revenues. A calculation of Spotify’s elasticity of demand in the U.S. reveals that its options for continuing price increases in the future are limited. Facing increased competition, a declining market share, along with limitations on pricing, Spotify will find it increasingly difficult to remain profitable as the streaming market becomes saturated and growth slows. Efforts to diversify into new areas as well as enter new markets are being attempted by the company, however, questions remain about the prospects of the long-term profitability and viability of Spotify.]]></description>
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            <title><![CDATA[Chronotopes of Sound: Soviet Accordion and Argentine Bandoneón in China’s Musical Landscape]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/meiea-2025-0002</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper examines the divergent fates of the Soviet accordion and the Argentine bandoneón in China’s musical landscape, analyzing how historical, ideological, and institutional factors influenced their reception. While the Soviet accordion was embraced and institutionalized as a symbol of proletarian culture through state-sponsored education and propaganda during the Maoist era, the bandoneón remained an exotic curiosity, never achieving widespread acceptance. Through the lenses of Bakhtin’s chronotope, Peircean and Agha’s concept of indexicality, and sound anthropology’s soundscape theory, the study demonstrates how the Soviet accordion became embedded in the soundscape of socialist China, acquiring second-order indexicality as a symbol of collective ideology. Conversely, the bandoneón’s limited exposure and lack of institutional patronage prevented it from acquiring comparable cultural meaning. This comparative analysis highlights the critical role of ideological fit, institutional pathways, and public soundscapes in determining whether foreign musical practices are localized or marginalized in new cultural contexts.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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            <title><![CDATA[Monetizing Exposure: Music Blasting Services and Platform Power in the Caribbean]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/meiea-2025-0003</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article investigates the emergence of Music Blasting Services (MBS) as entrepreneurial intermediaries in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) music industries, with Julianspromos serving as the primary case study. MBS are independent digital entities that distribute music through paid placements on platforms such as YouTube, curated email lists, and social media campaigns. Drawing on gatekeeping theory and platform capitalism, the study employs a qualitative case study approach, incorporating interviews, media coverage, and platform data to assess how MBS influence promotional power and audience access. Findings have indicated that MBS simultaneously democratize visibility for independent Caribbean artists and introduce new forms of economic gatekeeping based on pay-to-play models. Artists often lose control over audience analytics and monetization as engagement metrics are concentrated on MBS platforms rather than artist-owned channels. This raises critical implications for artist branding, digital equity, and long-term career sustainability. This study contributes to discourse on reintermediation in digital music promotion, and calls for greater attention to platform accountability, regional capacity-building, and strategic alternatives that support equitable access to global music audiences. It also offers insights for music business educators, particularly in the Global South, by identifying emerging literacies and decision-making frameworks needed in digital-era curricula.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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            <title><![CDATA[Reviews]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/meiea-2024-0006</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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            <title><![CDATA[Did You Catch The Opener?…Exploring the Transformative Dynamics of Opening Performances: A Quantitative Analysis on Streaming for Emerging Artists]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/meiea-2024-0001</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper explores the impact of emerging artists serving as opening acts on larger tours, and how this exposure affects streaming metrics and audience growth. As the live music industry rebounded in 2023 and 2024, many smaller artists sought to benefit from this increased demand by opening for established acts. The study utilizes data from Pollstar, Songkick, and Chartmetric to analyze monthly listenership patterns before and after tours, tracking streaming metrics for 57 opening artists. Consumer and artist surveys offer further insights into the perceived value of these opportunities.Results suggest that while opening for major acts can lead to an immediate increase in streaming numbers, this often does not translate into long-term audience retention. Developing artists saw significant spikes in streams during tours, followed by a sharp decline post-tour, while more established acts showed more stable engagement. Consumer surveys reveal that while audiences may not buy tickets specifically to see openers, they often discover new music during these performances, with many continuing to follow opening artists after the tour. These findings highlight the complex dynamics of touring as a growth strategy for emerging artists in a competitive live music market.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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            <title><![CDATA[Seven Steps to Mixing Success: Applying Experiential Learning Theory to Teaching Music Mixing]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/meiea-2024-0004</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The continuing decentralization of the music production process and the proliferation of music produced in non-traditional studios has increased the impact that a professional mix can have on the final product of a music production. With current mixing technology, skilled mixing engineers may be able to take demos recorded in an artist’s basement with minimal recording means, and transform these modest recordings into a polished final product. While there are plenty of resources available — both scholarly and otherwise — for students on how to mix, there is very little information on how to practice mixing. That is, students can read about how to mix in a variety of textbooks and online sources on the subject, but students are often at a loss as to how to go about improving their mixing skills. Experiential learning theory offers a unique and practical guide for mixing educators to help their students improve their mixing skills. This study develops a seven-step process for students to practice mixing in the classroom, distilled from best practices in experiential learning and audio production education.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Herd Behavior and Harm: How Negative Online Reviews Affect Independent Music Venues]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/meiea-2024-0002</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The influence of Yelp reviews on independent music venues is acknowledged, though the exact nature of this impact remains unclear. As negative reviews increase, they can shape public perception, leading even those with neutral or positive experiences to avoid the venue. This behavior, known as the bandwagon effect or herd behavior, reinforces the venue’s negative reputation and further influences potential patrons. The study examines 1,423 independent venues and their Yelp reviews, dating back to the venues’ opening or as far as 2004, the year Yelp was founded. Subsequently, the study leverages a meticulous extraction methodology involving 30,486 keywords derived from an extensive dataset of 2,305,734 mostly negative or neutral Yelp reviews that were rated 1, 2, or 3 out of 5 stars. These keywords have been systematically categorized into seven codified groups: (1) Noise/Music, (2) Food/Drink, (3) Service, (4) Place/Atmosphere, (5) Transactions, (6) Positive words, and (7) Negative words. Moreover, a devised sentence extraction mechanism has been coded and implemented to capture contextually relevant information for each distinct word category. Subsequently, a sentiment analysis was performed on the extracted sentences to evaluate the overall impressions associated with music/noise-related topics. The significance of this study is underscored by its potential to augment our comprehension of the impact of Yelp reviews on independent music venues, offering actionable insights for venue management, and contributing substantively to the broader discourse surrounding the intersection of online reviews, big data, live music, noise studies, and hospitality.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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            <title><![CDATA[There Aren’t Any Rules in Paisley Park: Applying Mark J. P. Wolf’s Theory of World-Building, Sub-Creation, and Secondary Belief to the Music and Career of Prince]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/meiea-2024-0005</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study explores how Prince’s artistic work demonstrates Mark J.P. Wolf’s theory of worldbuilding — the crafting of alternate multimedia realities designed to engage audiences. The paper analyzes how Prince created a distinctive “secondary world” through his lyrics, fashion, audio and visual aesthetics, and business practices. Examination of his work shows how it grants access to an idealized utopia beyond the confines of race, gender, and artistic convention using places like “Uptown” and “Paisley Park” to blend the virtual with the actual. Prince built up his secondary world through intentional use of specific figures including symbols (Cloud Guitar, Love Symbol), alter egos (Camille, Jamie Starr), and the color purple. As a creative practice, the composition of music for other artists (Vanity 6, The Time) increased platforms for the broader expansion and profitability of his stylized artistic universe. Ranging from innovative distribution methods to immersive live shows that amplify fan engagement while also protecting his created world by aggressive intellectual property control, Prince’s creative business practices likewise reveal him to be a shrewd administrator of his created world. Unusual tactics like changing his name to an unpronounceable symbol and directly releasing music to fans reinforced his maverick persona influencing the primary world of his daily lived experience. This study holds that a major part of Prince’s success rests on his ability to create “secondary belief” — making fans feel a sense of belonging in his alternate world by responding to their desire for freedom, uniqueness, and autonomy.]]></description>
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            <title><![CDATA[Country Music: The Most Diverse Genre?]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/meiea-2024-0003</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The genre of country music rose to prominence and notoriety during the golden age of radio in the early 1900s due to the reach of AM radio and the popularity of Nashville, Tennessee’s WSM radio show the Grand Ole Opry. Broadcast from the historic Ryman Auditorium, the early pioneers of the genre included artists Roy Acuff, Bill Monroe, and Uncle Dave Macon. Among the mostly white early Opry stars, harmonica wizard DeFord Bailey, a black man from a farming family in Smith County, Tennessee, was one of the fan favorites and draws of the traveling show associated with the popular radio program. Until recent years, very few black artists like Bailey have risen to prominence in the country market; however, black music was, and still is, a major influence in the overall genre. In addition to Bailey’s early contributions, the roots of country music stemmed from many different musical styles, including blues, jazz, gospel, western, folk, and hillbilly music. As the genre grew and progressed to the current era, it has continued to be influenced by various music styles while maintaining its distinct description as country music. Explored in this paper are the diverse influences on the genre from its birth to the current era, making it arguably one of the most diverse genres of music.]]></description>
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