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        <title>European Studies Feed</title>
        <link>https://sciendo.com/journal/EUSTU</link>
        <description>Sciendo RSS Feed for European Studies</description>
        <lastBuildDate>Sat, 04 Apr 2026 01:11:10 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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            <title>European Studies Feed</title>
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            <link>https://sciendo.com/journal/EUSTU</link>
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        <copyright>All rights reserved 2026, Palacký University Olomouc</copyright>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[European Standards Regarding Paid Parental Leave in EU States in the Light of Examples of Good Practice for Ukraine]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0023</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0023</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Equality and non-discrimination are key values of EU law, and they are also linked to work-life balance for working parents, which includes minimum EU parental leave requirements. The paper outlines the essential benchmarks for developing EU standards on parental leave, as well as the diversity of national methods of regulating parental leave remuneration in EU Member States in light of the new Directive 2019/1158. Special emphasis is also placed on the examination of parental leave requirements, including the mandatory remuneration for lost income, outlined in the European Social Charter, which has been adopted by more than 40 nations, including all EU members and Ukraine. In March 2024, the European Committee of Social Rights announced its most recent conclusions on the status of parental leave policy in States Parties. In this context, comparative scrutinization of EU and ESC standards is provided in the paper with special attention and analysis of the national regulation of parental leave remuneration in states, which obtained negative conclusions on the issue, including Ukraine. Moreover, the paper analyses both the negative assessments regarding the situation on work-life balance for working parents and compensation of lost income for those who take parental leave in Ukraine given in the ECSR conclusions and the documents of the European Commission regarding the approximation of Ukrainian legislation to the EU acquis. Using examples of good practice in EU countries, particularly the Czech Republic, Poland, and Lithuania, the authors seek to provide ideas for revising Ukrainian national legislation to bring it in line with European provisions on this issue.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Rethinking Meaningful Stakeholder Engagement: Simplifying Complexity with Legal Design]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0018</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0018</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The evolving regulatory landscape mandates companies to engage stakeholders meaningfully as part of their due diligence obligations to identify, prevent, and mitigate adverse human rights and environmental impacts. However, regulatory complexity, information asymmetries, and power imbalances often hinder effective engagement, creating barriers to participation, comprehension and trust-building. As businesses navigate these challenges, there is a growing need for innovative approaches that make legal obligations more accessible, understandable, and actionable. This paper explores how legal design principles can enhance meaningful stakeholder engagement mechanisms, with a particular focus on the European Union’s Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD). Article 13 of the CSDDD introduces strict requirements for ongoing, inclusive, and informed engagement with affected stakeholders, yet its implementation remains complex due to the abstract nature of legal provisions and the diverse contexts in which they apply. This conceptual and transdisciplinary study synthesizes insights from a comprehensive review of literature across legal design, business and human rights, and stakeholder engagement fields. It develops a framework that aligns legal design principles with the stakeholder engagement requirements of the CSDDD, illustrating how techniques such as plain language, visual aids, and participatory design can foster inclusive participation, bridge communication gaps and build trust. The framework emphasizes the importance of clarity, accessibility, and co-creation in corporate sustainability practices. This paper offers a new perspective on the dynamic relationship between legal design and corporate sustainability, proposing innovative tools and strategies that can improve communication and collaboration between businesses and their stakeholders.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Impact of War and European Accession on the Labour Law Reform in Ukraine]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0025</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0025</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Labour law reform in Ukraine has long been a complex and politicised issue. It is overdue, not only because of the dramatic economic and social changes within the country since independence but also because of external influences related to global changes in the world of work. This paper examines the challenges and imperatives of labour law reform in Ukraine under the dual pressures of war and European Union (EU) accession. Ukraine’s status as an EU candidate provides an incentive for reform, even as the ongoing Russian invasion alters socio-economic priorities and labour market dynamics. Labour law reform is essential for supporting post-war recovery and should aim to achieve a balance between economic efficiency and worker protection. Policymakers need to reconcile competing priorities between business flexibility and workers’ rights, while social dialogue remains crucial for ensuring fair labour laws. While some contend that wartime is not the right moment for comprehensive reforms, this paper advocates for their urgency. Post-war recovery and integration into the EU require proactive reforms in employment and labour relations. Such reforms should embody the values of the European social model, emphasising social justice as a driver of economic efficiency.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Effect of the Russian aggression against Ukraine on the protection of human rights: social and labour dimension]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0016</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0016</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

In the article, the author analyzes the impact of the Russian aggression against Ukraine, which began in February 2014, and the subsequent occupation of part of the Ukrainian territory on the implementation of social and labor rights of the local population. A historical review of the formation of the category of human rights in international law and their correlation with armed conflicts is conducted. The situation with the restriction of labor and social human rights in Ukraine in connection with the armed conflict is shown, primarily in the occupied territories. The essence of collaboration activities as a serious crime is revealed. The state of implementation of labor and social rights of internally displaced persons is analyzed.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Framework Exemption Agreement – Social Security Protection for Cross-Border Teleworkers in the EU and EFTA]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0017</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0017</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Social security has always been an important aspect of the EU cross border employment, ensuring that migrant workers are protected by the social security coordination system. With the rise of cross-border telework, there has been a need to adapt EU social security regulations to accommodate the changing nature of work. Therefore, it was enacted a temporary special regulation to protect cross-border teleworkers in EU/EEA. It was implemented during the Covid-19 and expired on June 30, 2023. Even after the pandemic, the popularity of the telework has continued and an enactment of a new Exemption Agreement seemed to be necessary. The EU’s Exemption Agreement, in force, is relevant only for cross-border tele-commuters/teleworkers who regularly telework in their state of residence, and the general provisions of the EU social security coordination rules will not be applied automatically to them. Instead, the Framework Exemption Agreement (hereinafter: Agreement) facilitates between the signatory states the conclusion of individual derogations in the interest of a category of employed cross-border teleworkers and their employer(s). Legally speaking, the Exemption Agreement based on the application of Article 16 (1) of Regulation (EC) No. 883/2004 in cases of habitual cross-border teleworking employees. The aim of this paper is to introduce the legal framework and essential procedurial issues of the Exemption Agreement on the EU social security coordination and to formulate some critical views on it.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Challenges of Implementation of the Revised European Social Charter Standards in Poland – Selected Issues]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0022</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0022</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

After having joined the Council of Europe on 26 November 1991, Poland ratified the European Convention on Human Rights in 1993 and the 1961 European Social Charter on 25 June 1997. Concerning the Charter, Poland accepted 58 of the 1961 Charter‘s 72 paragraphs. It has signed, but not yet ratified the Revised European Social Charter. Taking the perspective of the Additional Protocol Providing for a System of Collective Complaints, Poland has neither signed, nor ratified the document. Following the reform of the European Social Charter system introduced in September 2022, the European Committee of Social Rights adopted a decision to implement the procedure on non-accepted provisions in respect of all State Parties to either Charter, in a reinforced manner. The procedure now provides for submission of written information by States Parties in accordance with a pre-established calendar, and additional bilateral meetings when it is deemed to represent an added value. In case of Poland, as a party to 1961 Charter only, the mechanism was introduced in 2024 for the first time and shall serve as an opportunity to identify consistencies and non-consistencies with the Revised European Social Charter standards both in the legislative framework and its implementation. The aim of this article is to discuss the challenges of enhancement of protection of social rights in Poland in the light of the Revised European Social Charter standards.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[European Arrest Warrant and Adaptation of Ukrainian Legislation in the Context of European Integration: Czech Experience]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0020</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0020</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The article deals with the issue of the European Arrest Warrant, especially in the context of the constitutional consequences of the implementation of the Framework Decision in the national legal systems of the Czech Republic (as an EU Member State) and Ukraine (as a candidate country). After a general introduction to the institution of the European Arrest Warrant, the authors focus in particular on the possible constitutional and legal complications of its implementation in Ukrainian legislation and practice. The main problems include the conflict of its essence with the principle of non-extradition of own citizens. The article analyses this problem and its possible solutions, including in the context of how other states, in particular the Czech Republic and Poland, have approached this issue.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Digital Social State: Peculiarities of Functioning in the Context of European Integration]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0021</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0021</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The ever-increasing use of information and communication technologies in new areas is resulting in fundamental changes in the social life of modern states. While digitalization processes began in the economy, they quickly flowed into the public sphere, giving rise to the concepts of the information society and the digital state, in which public affairs, administration, and political decision-making are carried out with the help of information technology. The basic principles of the digital state are the following: no barriers to the information flow; putting people at the center of the state’s attention, ensuring a comprehensive solution to their problems; transparency of public authorities and the possibility of citizens’ participation in decision-making processes; respect for citizens’ right to privacy. The intersection of social policy and digitalization is a crucial aspect of modern governance and social development. Social policy refers to government initiatives and interventions aimed at improving the well-being of citizens, addressing issues such as healthcare, education, unemployment, and poverty. Digitalization, on the other hand, involves the integration of digital technologies into various aspects of society, including communication, economics, and governance. The implementation of digitalization in the most important areas of state responsibility fosters the gradual transformation of the welfare or social state.1 Today, many governments are transforming the welfare state into a digitalized form to automate eligibility assessments, benefit calculations, fraud detection, and risk assessment. The welfare state seeks to make citizens economically motivated, competitive, flexible, active, and responsible instead of trying to protect them from cycles of accumulation and market crises1. The digitalization of the welfare state is also accompanied by the decentralization of social policy and the transfer to the municipal level of responsibility for youth care, social security, and care for the chronically ill and elderly. This step is intended to bring state social assistance closer to the population, as well as to make it more efficient and cheaper. The transformation of the social welfare state into a digital welfare state generates new social risks, such as systemic errors; discrimination; exclusion and inequality in access to social security, resulting from data leaks faced by citizens; the creation of new forms of data-driven control instead of adequate service delivery within social policy; and the negligence of automation and data processing in social policy, which sometimes leads to numerous false accusations of fraud and, consequently, deprivation of benefits. As a result, the use of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, semi-automated algorithmic systems, and automated decision support to reduce welfare fraud is currently being criticized.2
In the context of European integration, in particular within the European Union, the issue of the digital social state is one of the key ones and can be considered as an integral part of both European social policy and digitalization policy.
The documents adopted by the European Union in various spheres of cooperation, which in one way or another address social issues, indicate that today the integration organization is a flagship in shaping the model of relations between the individual and the state in the social sphere in the context of active digitalization.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A New Model of Resolving Labour Disputes in Ukraine: National Experience and International Standards]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0026</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0026</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The article is devoted to Ukrainian reform in the field of labour rights protection taking into account international standards. The draft Law No. 12034 “On Collective Labour Disputes” defines the principles, legal and organizational foundations of a new model to resolving collective labour disputes in Ukraine. In the introductory part of the article, the authors focus on the analysis of the prerequisites for the reform of labour rights protection. The second part of the article highlights the advantages of the new model of resolving collective labour disputes and the role of the National Mediation and Conciliation Service in resolving such disputes. The article outlines the problematic aspects of the existing system of resolving labour disputes in Ukraine, and presents a comparative analysis of international standards in this area is carried out.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence Driven Alternative Dispute Resolution]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0015</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0015</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The utilization of new technologies in the legal domain is not a recent development. However, the idea of implementing artificial intelligence in the realm of dispute resolution has garnered significant attention lately, primarily due to its capacity to expedite the resolution process and mitigate financial expenditures. Alternative dispute resolution is a preferred method for resolving commercial and investment disputes due to its key advantages of neutrality, flexibility, and globally enforceable awards. The objective of this study is to investigate the integration of artificial intelligence within the framework of alternative dispute resolution processes. Directive 2013/11/EU on Consumer Alternative Dispute Resolution facilitates the resolution of disputes arising from contractual obligations between EU consumers and traders within the European Union. However, it is important to note that the Directive was drafted more than a decade ago and may not effectively address the evolving landscape of consumer market trends and new technologies.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Legal Regulation of the Facial Recognition and Real-Time Remote Biometric Identification Systems in Ukraine and the Czech Republic]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0019</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0019</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The presented article, created as the output of the project no. 23-PKVV-UM-6 called CODE (COoperation and DEvelopment) supported within the grant program of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, deals with the legal regulation of the facial recognition and real-time remote biometric identification systems usage in Ukraine and the Czech Republic. As for the situation in Ukraine, it should be noted that the adoption of the draft Law of Ukraine ‘On the Unified System of Video Monitoring of the State of Public Security’ poses risks of violating human rights and freedoms, and will significantly limit the fundamental right of every person to privacy. In order to ensure proper legal regulation of video monitoring of public security using facial recognition systems in Ukraine, the draft Law of Ukraine ‘On the Unified System of Video Monitoring of the State of Public Security’ needs to be finalized and brought into line with the above provisions of the relevant EU and Council of Europe legislation. As for the situation in the Czech Republic, the conclusion is that the AI Act does allow the use of real-time remote biometric identification systems, but under certain conditions. The main one is that the use of such a system to search for a specific person or persons must be authorized by a court or other independent authority. In real terms, this means that the decision to include a particular person in the reference database shall be made by a court. However, in relation to this very basic safeguard against abuse of the system, the Act no. 110/2019 Coll., on the Processing of Personal Data is to propose that this rule shall not be applied to certain relatively vaguely defined groups of persons. Thus, the Act shall negate this fundamental control mechanism in certain cases, in fact.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Municipalization of Social Rights: The Changing Role of the Local and RegionalAuthorities]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0024</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0024</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The article explores the emerging trend of the municipalisation of social rights within the Council of Europe, with a particular focus on the role of local and regional authorities in upholding and implementing these rights. It examines the conceptual underpinnings of social rights, their inclusion in the European Social Charter, and their interaction with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through an analysis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the article highlights the growing involvement of local and regional authorities in addressing critical social issues, including housing and health. Special attention is given to the Ukrainian context, where these authorities face unique challenges due to the ongoing war and reconstruction efforts. The article argues for improved legal frameworks, capacity-building initiatives and international cooperation to engage local and regional authorities more effectively in the promotion of social rights. Recommendations are made to adapt the Council of Europe’s tools and strategies to the realities faced by local and regional authorities.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[GDPR as a New Consumer Protection “Weapon”?]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0014</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0014</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The General Data Protectio, Regulation (GDPR) has emerged as an important tool for safeguarding consumer rights in the digital age. This legal framework establishes crucial rights for individuals, such as the right to access their personal data, the right to be forgotten, and the right to compensation for data breaches. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has played a significant role in interpreting and enforcing the GDPR, issuing rulings that have strengthened consumer protections. These rulings address a wide range of issues, including automated decision-making, data minimisation, and the processing of sensitive personal data.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Adoption of Identification of Medicinal Products Standards in Europe: Health Authorities and Industry Insights]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0012</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0012</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This article explores the adoption of the ISO Identification of Medicinal Products (IDMP) standards in Europe, aimed at establishing a unified framework for identifying medicinal products to enhance regulatory efficiency and patient safety. It provides a comprehensive overview of the regulatory landscape, implementation strategies, and the challenges faced by both health authorities and the pharmaceutical industry during the adoption process. Focusing on the European Union and key agencies like the EMA, the article highlights IDMP’s potential to improve data interoperability, streamline regulatory processes, and support cross-border healthcare services, such as e-prescriptions. Despite the significant promise of IDMP, challenges such as technical integration, high resource requirements, and ensuring data quality remain critical hurdles. By examining regulatory developments, case studies, and best practices, this paper emphasizes the transformative potential of IDMP in achieving efficient, interoperable regulatory data management, ultimately contributing to safer and more effective healthcare delivery.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Rule of Law as an Integral Part of the Common European Values]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0001</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0001</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The necessity to enforce the requirements of the rule of law have become the main impetus for the creation and development of the concept of common European values. The trend of greater emphasis on the legal and moral postulates which are common for Member States continues to grow, leading to their preference even over traditional aims of the Union. Despite the enormous legal, moral, ideological and political significance of common European values for the smooth functioning of the supranational entity, this concept remains still rather vague. Moreover its legal regulation in Article 2 TEU requires a number of improvements including the separation and “demarcation” of certain notions, as well as the introduction of new values. As regards the legal instruments for the protection of values referred to in Art. 2 TEU, it can be stated that currently European law is “armed” with a whole set of adequate instruments, the quantity of which has been increasing ever since the beginning of this century, nevertheless none of these instruments can be considered to be fully effective in a view of certain limits arising from the nature of the particular instruments or due to the procedures for their adoption, as well as concerning the conditions of their application. These limits prevent or even make their effective application impossible in the event of all potential infringements of the common European Union’s postulates in practice.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Sufficiently Serious Breach in EU Law: Balancing Vagueness and Legal Certainty]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0013</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0013</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The concept of a “sufficiently serious breach of law” is critical in EU law for determining non-contractual liability and securing compensation for damages. As a legally vague term, it allows for broad interpretive leeway, granting courts the flexibility to consider individual circumstances, but simultaneously introduces challenges in predictability and the principle of legitimate expectations—a cornerstone of EU law. This article examines the term’s ambiguity and how it enables both adaptability within the EU’s complex legal system and a degree of legal uncertainty. Through an analysis of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) case law, the article seeks to clarify the methodological approach to identifying a sufficiently serious breach. The study identifies criteria such as the scope of discretion, clarity of regulations, and excitability, all pivotal in determining the term’s applicability and ensuring the consistent, fair treatment of Member States’ obligations. Additionally, the article addresses gaps in current literature, specifically the need for a comprehensive view that extends beyond isolated case analyses, aiming to offer clarity on the term’s evolving interpretation and its impact on the CJEU’s decision-making.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Environmental Criminal Offences: International, European and National law Perspective]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0003</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0003</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The article analyses the regulation of environmental criminal of-fences, including environmental crimes, in international, European, and national law. The author considers the relevant provisions of the law of armed conflict, international criminal and environmental law, which stipulate the responsibility of states for widespread, long-term, and severe damage to the environment, as well as the responsibility of private actors for transnational environmental crimes and war crimes against the environment. The article compares the provisions relating to environmental criminal offences of the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of the Environment through Criminal Law and its new draft; old and new versions of the EU Directive on the Protection of the Environment through Criminal Law; the draft of the Convention and final version of the Directive. The author pays particular attention to the national legislation of different states in this field and considers the concept of ecocide in international, European, and national law.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Development of Vertical and Horizontal Division of Power in the European Union as a Composite Supranational Power Sui Generis]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0004</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0004</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The relations between the EU institutions established by the Treaty of Lisbon, as well as the relations between EU competences and the constitutional sovereignty of the member states, call for constant examination. Through the inductive method of constitutional law, we arrive at the assessment of the European Union as a special composite two-level power. Thus, we use model induction of “form of state”, “form of government” and analysis of types of lawsuits before the Court of Justice of the EU. The internal organization of the EU established in the treaties, as well as the actual decision-making, are dominated by EU bodies of an executive nature. Their executive activity then deepened in several crisis situations, such as the permanent threat of terrorism, the ongoing immigration onslaught on EU territory, the recent COVID epidemic, and the current ongoing aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The methodology of constitutional law thus reaches the conclusion about the necessity of the positive development of the EU system by improving both horizontal control relations within the EU institutional framework itself, as well as control measures of a procedural nature, especially in relation to derived EU law and possibly also against other interventions (steps) by EU bodies.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Geopolitical Risks for the European Union in Latin America and the Caribbean]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0009</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0009</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The relationship between Europe and Latin America has a long history; a common historical past unites both regions, traditions, culture, migratory flows and, in some cases, language. The bilateral relationship has deepened over the years in different political, economic, commercial and social areas, among others. It has been channelled through various formal instances of dialogue and exchange, including the CELAC-EU Summits. The current international context, characterized by uncertainty, generates competition, cooperation, and interdependence relations. This article addresses the risks faced by the European Union in its relations with Latin America, mainly based on the war in Ukraine and with an approach based on the theory of complex interdependence. In order to identify the EU’s reaction to the risks with LAC, a database of legal acts of the European bloc corresponding to the years 2022 and 2024 was assembled. All regulations, directives, and decisions approved by the EU during that period were reviewed, identifying which ones regulate the region or any Latin American and Caribbean country. The conclusion is that, out of the 1,627 legal acts approved during this period, very little of the approved legislation is directly related to Latin America.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Lawyer in the Context of Arbitration]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0010</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0010</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The legal profession, as one of the traditional legal professions, and arbitration, as one of the basic methods of out-of-court dispute resolution, are fundamentally linked in practice, and the lawyer plays a central role in arbitration. Both the practice of advocacy and arbitration are regulated at various levels by a number of legal, but generally non-binding regulations, the so-called soft law, which set out the conditions for the practice of advocacy and arbitration, respectively, and which, in the international context, seek to achieve a certain convergence of different legal systems, or to create generally acceptable standards. In practice, the lawyer has become one of the most important parts of the arbitration process – from awareness-raising activities in the field of outof-court dispute resolution, through the conclusion of arbitration agreements, the performance of the arbitrator’s function, to the representation of parties both in arbitration proceedings and in proceedings before the general court, for example, in the annulment of an arbitral award. His erudition and the way he carries out his advocacy and arbitration activities can significantly influence the image of arbitration and its general acceptability as an out-of-court dispute resolution method. The article discusses the various roles of the advocate in the context of arbitration, their interaction, highlights the problematic aspects associated with certain roles and the reasons why the advocate has become such an important and indispensable element in the practice of (especially international) arbitration.
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            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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