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        <title>European Studies Feed</title>
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            <title><![CDATA[Municipalization of Social Rights: The Changing Role of the Local and RegionalAuthorities]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0024</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article explores the emerging trend of the municipalisation of social rights within the Council of Europe, with a particular focus on the role of local and regional authorities in upholding and implementing these rights. It examines the conceptual underpinnings of social rights, their inclusion in the European Social Charter, and their interaction with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through an analysis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the article highlights the growing involvement of local and regional authorities in addressing critical social issues, including housing and health. Special attention is given to the Ukrainian context, where these authorities face unique challenges due to the ongoing war and reconstruction efforts. The article argues for improved legal frameworks, capacity-building initiatives and international cooperation to engage local and regional authorities more effectively in the promotion of social rights. Recommendations are made to adapt the Council of Europe’s tools and strategies to the realities faced by local and regional authorities.]]></description>
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            <title><![CDATA[The Impact of War and European Accession on the Labour Law Reform in Ukraine]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0025</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Labour law reform in Ukraine has long been a complex and politicised issue. It is overdue, not only because of the dramatic economic and social changes within the country since independence but also because of external influences related to global changes in the world of work. This paper examines the challenges and imperatives of labour law reform in Ukraine under the dual pressures of war and European Union (EU) accession. Ukraine’s status as an EU candidate provides an incentive for reform, even as the ongoing Russian invasion alters socio-economic priorities and labour market dynamics. Labour law reform is essential for supporting post-war recovery and should aim to achieve a balance between economic efficiency and worker protection. Policymakers need to reconcile competing priorities between business flexibility and workers’ rights, while social dialogue remains crucial for ensuring fair labour laws. While some contend that wartime is not the right moment for comprehensive reforms, this paper advocates for their urgency. Post-war recovery and integration into the EU require proactive reforms in employment and labour relations. Such reforms should embody the values of the European social model, emphasising social justice as a driver of economic efficiency.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence Driven Alternative Dispute Resolution]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0015</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The utilization of new technologies in the legal domain is not a recent development. However, the idea of implementing artificial intelligence in the realm of dispute resolution has garnered significant attention lately, primarily due to its capacity to expedite the resolution process and mitigate financial expenditures. Alternative dispute resolution is a preferred method for resolving commercial and investment disputes due to its key advantages of neutrality, flexibility, and globally enforceable awards. The objective of this study is to investigate the integration of artificial intelligence within the framework of alternative dispute resolution processes. Directive 2013/11/EU on Consumer Alternative Dispute Resolution facilitates the resolution of disputes arising from contractual obligations between EU consumers and traders within the European Union. However, it is important to note that the Directive was drafted more than a decade ago and may not effectively address the evolving landscape of consumer market trends and new technologies.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A New Model of Resolving Labour Disputes in Ukraine: National Experience and International Standards]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0026</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article is devoted to Ukrainian reform in the field of labour rights protection taking into account international standards. The draft Law No. 12034 “On Collective Labour Disputes” defines the principles, legal and organizational foundations of a new model to resolving collective labour disputes in Ukraine. In the introductory part of the article, the authors focus on the analysis of the prerequisites for the reform of labour rights protection. The second part of the article highlights the advantages of the new model of resolving collective labour disputes and the role of the National Mediation and Conciliation Service in resolving such disputes. The article outlines the problematic aspects of the existing system of resolving labour disputes in Ukraine, and presents a comparative analysis of international standards in this area is carried out.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Legal Regulation of the Facial Recognition and Real-Time Remote Biometric Identification Systems in Ukraine and the Czech Republic]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0019</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The presented article, created as the output of the project no. 23-PKVV-UM-6 called CODE (COoperation and DEvelopment) supported within the grant program of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, deals with the legal regulation of the facial recognition and real-time remote biometric identification systems usage in Ukraine and the Czech Republic. As for the situation in Ukraine, it should be noted that the adoption of the draft Law of Ukraine ‘On the Unified System of Video Monitoring of the State of Public Security’ poses risks of violating human rights and freedoms, and will significantly limit the fundamental right of every person to privacy. In order to ensure proper legal regulation of video monitoring of public security using facial recognition systems in Ukraine, the draft Law of Ukraine ‘On the Unified System of Video Monitoring of the State of Public Security’ needs to be finalized and brought into line with the above provisions of the relevant EU and Council of Europe legislation. As for the situation in the Czech Republic, the conclusion is that the AI Act does allow the use of real-time remote biometric identification systems, but under certain conditions. The main one is that the use of such a system to search for a specific person or persons must be authorized by a court or other independent authority. In real terms, this means that the decision to include a particular person in the reference database shall be made by a court. However, in relation to this very basic safeguard against abuse of the system, the Act no. 110/2019 Coll., on the Processing of Personal Data is to propose that this rule shall not be applied to certain relatively vaguely defined groups of persons. Thus, the Act shall negate this fundamental control mechanism in certain cases, in fact.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Digital Social State: Peculiarities of Functioning in the Context of European Integration]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0021</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The ever-increasing use of information and communication technologies in new areas is resulting in fundamental changes in the social life of modern states. While digitalization processes began in the economy, they quickly flowed into the public sphere, giving rise to the concepts of the information society and the digital state, in which public affairs, administration, and political decision-making are carried out with the help of information technology. The basic principles of the digital state are the following: no barriers to the information flow; putting people at the center of the state’s attention, ensuring a comprehensive solution to their problems; transparency of public authorities and the possibility of citizens’ participation in decision-making processes; respect for citizens’ right to privacy. The intersection of social policy and digitalization is a crucial aspect of modern governance and social development. Social policy refers to government initiatives and interventions aimed at improving the well-being of citizens, addressing issues such as healthcare, education, unemployment, and poverty. Digitalization, on the other hand, involves the integration of digital technologies into various aspects of society, including communication, economics, and governance. The implementation of digitalization in the most important areas of state responsibility fosters the gradual transformation of the welfare or social state.1 Today, many governments are transforming the welfare state into a digitalized form to automate eligibility assessments, benefit calculations, fraud detection, and risk assessment. The welfare state seeks to make citizens economically motivated, competitive, flexible, active, and responsible instead of trying to protect them from cycles of accumulation and market crises1. The digitalization of the welfare state is also accompanied by the decentralization of social policy and the transfer to the municipal level of responsibility for youth care, social security, and care for the chronically ill and elderly. This step is intended to bring state social assistance closer to the population, as well as to make it more efficient and cheaper. The transformation of the social welfare state into a digital welfare state generates new social risks, such as systemic errors; discrimination; exclusion and inequality in access to social security, resulting from data leaks faced by citizens; the creation of new forms of data-driven control instead of adequate service delivery within social policy; and the negligence of automation and data processing in social policy, which sometimes leads to numerous false accusations of fraud and, consequently, deprivation of benefits. As a result, the use of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, semi-automated algorithmic systems, and automated decision support to reduce welfare fraud is currently being criticized.2In the context of European integration, in particular within the European Union, the issue of the digital social state is one of the key ones and can be considered as an integral part of both European social policy and digitalization policy.The documents adopted by the European Union in various spheres of cooperation, which in one way or another address social issues, indicate that today the integration organization is a flagship in shaping the model of relations between the individual and the state in the social sphere in the context of active digitalization.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Effect of the Russian aggression against Ukraine on the protection of human rights: social and labour dimension]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0016</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[In the article, the author analyzes the impact of the Russian aggression against Ukraine, which began in February 2014, and the subsequent occupation of part of the Ukrainian territory on the implementation of social and labor rights of the local population. A historical review of the formation of the category of human rights in international law and their correlation with armed conflicts is conducted. The situation with the restriction of labor and social human rights in Ukraine in connection with the armed conflict is shown, primarily in the occupied territories. The essence of collaboration activities as a serious crime is revealed. The state of implementation of labor and social rights of internally displaced persons is analyzed.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Framework Exemption Agreement – Social Security Protection for Cross-Border Teleworkers in the EU and EFTA]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0017</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Social security has always been an important aspect of the EU cross border employment, ensuring that migrant workers are protected by the social security coordination system. With the rise of cross-border telework, there has been a need to adapt EU social security regulations to accommodate the changing nature of work. Therefore, it was enacted a temporary special regulation to protect cross-border teleworkers in EU/EEA. It was implemented during the Covid-19 and expired on June 30, 2023. Even after the pandemic, the popularity of the telework has continued and an enactment of a new Exemption Agreement seemed to be necessary. The EU’s Exemption Agreement, in force, is relevant only for cross-border tele-commuters/teleworkers who regularly telework in their state of residence, and the general provisions of the EU social security coordination rules will not be applied automatically to them. Instead, the Framework Exemption Agreement (hereinafter: Agreement) facilitates between the signatory states the conclusion of individual derogations in the interest of a category of employed cross-border teleworkers and their employer(s). Legally speaking, the Exemption Agreement based on the application of Article 16 (1) of Regulation (EC) No. 883/2004 in cases of habitual cross-border teleworking employees. The aim of this paper is to introduce the legal framework and essential procedurial issues of the Exemption Agreement on the EU social security coordination and to formulate some critical views on it.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[European Arrest Warrant and Adaptation of Ukrainian Legislation in the Context of European Integration: Czech Experience]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0020</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article deals with the issue of the European Arrest Warrant, especially in the context of the constitutional consequences of the implementation of the Framework Decision in the national legal systems of the Czech Republic (as an EU Member State) and Ukraine (as a candidate country). After a general introduction to the institution of the European Arrest Warrant, the authors focus in particular on the possible constitutional and legal complications of its implementation in Ukrainian legislation and practice. The main problems include the conflict of its essence with the principle of non-extradition of own citizens. The article analyses this problem and its possible solutions, including in the context of how other states, in particular the Czech Republic and Poland, have approached this issue.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[European Standards Regarding Paid Parental Leave in EU States in the Light of Examples of Good Practice for Ukraine]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0023</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Equality and non-discrimination are key values of EU law, and they are also linked to work-life balance for working parents, which includes minimum EU parental leave requirements. The paper outlines the essential benchmarks for developing EU standards on parental leave, as well as the diversity of national methods of regulating parental leave remuneration in EU Member States in light of the new Directive 2019/1158. Special emphasis is also placed on the examination of parental leave requirements, including the mandatory remuneration for lost income, outlined in the European Social Charter, which has been adopted by more than 40 nations, including all EU members and Ukraine. In March 2024, the European Committee of Social Rights announced its most recent conclusions on the status of parental leave policy in States Parties. In this context, comparative scrutinization of EU and ESC standards is provided in the paper with special attention and analysis of the national regulation of parental leave remuneration in states, which obtained negative conclusions on the issue, including Ukraine. Moreover, the paper analyses both the negative assessments regarding the situation on work-life balance for working parents and compensation of lost income for those who take parental leave in Ukraine given in the ECSR conclusions and the documents of the European Commission regarding the approximation of Ukrainian legislation to the EU acquis. Using examples of good practice in EU countries, particularly the Czech Republic, Poland, and Lithuania, the authors seek to provide ideas for revising Ukrainian national legislation to bring it in line with European provisions on this issue.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[GDPR as a New Consumer Protection “Weapon”?]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0014</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The General Data Protectio, Regulation (GDPR) has emerged as an important tool for safeguarding consumer rights in the digital age. This legal framework establishes crucial rights for individuals, such as the right to access their personal data, the right to be forgotten, and the right to compensation for data breaches. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has played a significant role in interpreting and enforcing the GDPR, issuing rulings that have strengthened consumer protections. These rulings address a wide range of issues, including automated decision-making, data minimisation, and the processing of sensitive personal data.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Rethinking Meaningful Stakeholder Engagement: Simplifying Complexity with Legal Design]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0018</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The evolving regulatory landscape mandates companies to engage stakeholders meaningfully as part of their due diligence obligations to identify, prevent, and mitigate adverse human rights and environmental impacts. However, regulatory complexity, information asymmetries, and power imbalances often hinder effective engagement, creating barriers to participation, comprehension and trust-building. As businesses navigate these challenges, there is a growing need for innovative approaches that make legal obligations more accessible, understandable, and actionable. This paper explores how legal design principles can enhance meaningful stakeholder engagement mechanisms, with a particular focus on the European Union’s Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD). Article 13 of the CSDDD introduces strict requirements for ongoing, inclusive, and informed engagement with affected stakeholders, yet its implementation remains complex due to the abstract nature of legal provisions and the diverse contexts in which they apply. This conceptual and transdisciplinary study synthesizes insights from a comprehensive review of literature across legal design, business and human rights, and stakeholder engagement fields. It develops a framework that aligns legal design principles with the stakeholder engagement requirements of the CSDDD, illustrating how techniques such as plain language, visual aids, and participatory design can foster inclusive participation, bridge communication gaps and build trust. The framework emphasizes the importance of clarity, accessibility, and co-creation in corporate sustainability practices. This paper offers a new perspective on the dynamic relationship between legal design and corporate sustainability, proposing innovative tools and strategies that can improve communication and collaboration between businesses and their stakeholders.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Challenges of Implementation of the Revised European Social Charter Standards in Poland – Selected Issues]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2024-0022</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[After having joined the Council of Europe on 26 November 1991, Poland ratified the European Convention on Human Rights in 1993 and the 1961 European Social Charter on 25 June 1997. Concerning the Charter, Poland accepted 58 of the 1961 Charter‘s 72 paragraphs. It has signed, but not yet ratified the Revised European Social Charter. Taking the perspective of the Additional Protocol Providing for a System of Collective Complaints, Poland has neither signed, nor ratified the document. Following the reform of the European Social Charter system introduced in September 2022, the European Committee of Social Rights adopted a decision to implement the procedure on non-accepted provisions in respect of all State Parties to either Charter, in a reinforced manner. The procedure now provides for submission of written information by States Parties in accordance with a pre-established calendar, and additional bilateral meetings when it is deemed to represent an added value. In case of Poland, as a party to 1961 Charter only, the mechanism was introduced in 2024 for the first time and shall serve as an opportunity to identify consistencies and non-consistencies with the Revised European Social Charter standards both in the legislative framework and its implementation. The aim of this article is to discuss the challenges of enhancement of protection of social rights in Poland in the light of the Revised European Social Charter standards.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Europe’s New Constitutional Democracies as Constitutional “Postmodernity”? (or even the Modernization of Classic Constitutional Models?)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2025-0004</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Revolutionary political changes in the former socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, including the Balkans, have taken place since the early 1990s. 20th century and fundamental changes in constitutional systems. The creation of democratic constitutionalism brought several original solutions in the parliamentary form of government, the institutional structure of the constitutional division of power, and territorial self-government. Thus, the protection of constitutionally guaranteed human rights and the protection of constitutionality through a specialized constitutional judiciary has significantly expanded in Europe. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate that the creative constitutionalism of these new democracies brought many new constitutional solutions. At the same time, the construction of democratic constitutionalism made significant use of classical constitutional models of democratic constitutionalism such as the French, English and US. In this way, the article builds on the hypothesis whether it is a modernization of classic constitutional models.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Temporary Protection in International and EU Law: Historical Evolution, Legal Frameworks, and Contemporary Challenges]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2025-0003</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the concept, history, and legal frameworks of temporary protection as a response to mass influxes of displaced persons. It traces the evolution of temporary protection from early international and national practices to the European Union’s codified Temporary Protection Directive and its first operational activation because of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The study compares temporary protection regimes in the EU, United States, and Turkey, highlighting their distinct legal bases, eligibility criteria, and practical challenges. Emphasis is placed on the balance temporary protection seeks between humanitarian needs, state capacity, and political considerations, as well as its role as a complement to traditional asylum. The article further explores ongoing implementation issues, including variation in national practices and the tension between temporary relief and longer-term solutions for displaced populations. By synthesizing legal, policy, and operational perspectives, the article enriches understanding of temporary protection’s critical function in contemporary international refugee and migration law.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Mechanism for Declaration of Enforceability in EU Family Law]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2025-0011</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are the means by which we can enforce our rights. It is an expression of mutual trust between the Member States of the European Union, which facilitates judicial cooperation and contributes to the effectiveness of the area of freedom, security and justice. In order to enforce a decision, some EU regulations still require a declaration of enforceability procedure to serve as a check that all the requirements have been met before the actual enforcement of the decision. However, this mechanism can also cause considerable delays in the proceedings. This paper will focus on the mechanism of the declaration of enforceability in EU family law regulations.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Digital Platforms and the Role of Shared Economy]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2025-0009</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The shared economy is currently a rapidly developing segment of the economy, which is gaining more and more popularity, especially in cities and highly populated areas. The shared economy is closely linked to digital markets, as it usually uses digital platforms for its operation. This article focuses on shared economy definition as well as digital platform differentiation and related EU primary and secondary legislation, as well as case law.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Council and the Protection of the Rule of Law in the EU]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2025-0002</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article explores the evolving role of the Council of the European Union in safeguarding the rule of law among its Member States, focusing on two key instruments: the annual Rule of Law Dialogue and the hearings under Article 7(1) TEU. While the Council has traditionally been criticized for its passivity, the study reveals a gradual shift in Member States’ engagement, particularly among Central and Eastern European countries. Drawing on available Council documents, the article examines Member States’ positions on rule of law issues. It finds that the annual Rule of Law Dialogue has become more structured and inclusive, yet remains a soft instrument lacking enforcement power. Its nature contrasts with Article 7 TEU, which was intended as a robust enforcement mechanism. However, the study shows that political divisions have hindered Article 7 TEU from functioning effectively. It highlights the influence of EU membership duration, the quality of democracy, party ideology, and responses to Russia’s aggression in Ukraine as key determinants of Member States’ behaviour. Ultimately, the article argues that while incremental progress is evident, the Council’s capacity to enforce rule of law remains constrained.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[EU PIL, Blockchain, Smart and Ricardian Contracts 2.0]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2025-0008</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study analyses blockchain technologies and smart contracts within the framework of European Union private international law. It shows that the EU has not recognized blockchain or smart contracts as autonomous legal institutions but regulates them through a technologically neutral and sector-based approach. From a private international law perspective, smart contracts are not independent connecting factors. They are technical tools for concluding and performing contracts, and the applicable law is therefore determined by the Rome I Regulation. Party autonomy remains central, and in the absence of a valid choice of law, the applicable law is identified by objective criteria such as the characteristic performance or, in residual cases, by the test of the closest connection. The decentralized and global nature of blockchain does not in itself displace these rules. The study identifies Ricardian contracts, and especially possible Ricardian 2.0, as a legally compatible architecture for smart contracts. By linking legally binding text with code and blockchain execution, they preserve choice of law, judicial interpretation and mandatory rules while enabling automated performance. The EU approach thus integrates new technology into the existing legal order rather than replacing it.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The EU Protection of Human Rights – a Unique System in the Unique Times (What it is and What it Could Be)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/eustu-2025-0001</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The Union’s protection of human rights is often associated entirely with the Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the EU. In fact, the protection of the rights of the individual is provided by the sophisticated combination of various mechanisms of the different nature. Each of these mechanisms is characterized by its own peculiarities and certain limits. Their mutual interconnection and balanced interaction create a unique system of human rights regulation at the level of the EU. The aim of this contribution is to analyse the nature and weak points of these mechanisms including: Mechanism of the Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the EU, the Common European Values, Judicial Doctrine of Fundamental Rights, Certain instruments of soft law character. The objective is to outline the eventual ways of their future eligible regulation, which will enable to eliminate (at least partly) the mentioned pitfalls.]]></description>
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