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        <title>Scientific Bulletin of Valahia University - Materials and Mechanics Feed</title>
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            <title><![CDATA[Considerations Regarding the Deformation of Polymeric Materials in Sliding Contact with Metallic Materials]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2026-0008</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The effects of friction on polymeric materials are difficult to explain due to complex interactions, both at the microscopic and macroscopic levels, between the surfaces of the friction pair sliding over each other. The friction and wear behaviour of the surfaces in relative sliding motion can be deemed an essential criterion in the design process. The estimation and evaluation of the parameters specific to abrasive wear are of particular interest in order to optimize the design of sliding pairs.In order to establish the area of application of different material combinations, it is necessary to know their friction behaviour under experimental conditions as close as possible to those found in the industrial environment.The paper analyses several specific aspects that occur at the interface between a metallic material and a polymeric material under conditions of abrasive wear.]]></description>
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            <title><![CDATA[Recycling Materials in Construction]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2026-0006</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a detailed and critical review of recycled materials used in the construction industry, with emphasis on sustainability, efficient use of resources, and reduction of environmental impact. The analysis is based on recent studies focused on construction and demolition waste (CDW), including materials such as recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), plastics, metals, glass, and industrial by-products like fly ash and slag. The comparison of multiple research works shows that recycling processes, material composition, and treatment techniques play an important role in determining the mechanical properties, durability, and environmental behavior of recycled construction materials. The results indicate that using recycled materials can lead to lower greenhouse gas emissions, reduced energy consumption, and decreased landfill disposal, while still ensuring acceptable performance in many structural applications. At the same time, several limitations must be considered. These include variations in material properties, higher water absorption in recycled aggregates, and the absence of clear standards for large-scale use. In addition, the study highlights the importance of modern recycling technologies, life cycle assessment (LCA) methods, and circular economy principles in improving the overall efficiency and reliability of these materials. Future research should focus on improving processing techniques, increasing durability, and developing advanced materials such as hybrid and smart systems. Overall, the use of recycled materials in construction can be considered an important step toward a more sustainable and low-carbon built environment.]]></description>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Studies and Research on the Trajectory of Streamlines in E.O.S. (Horizontal Kaplan) Turbines]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2026-0010</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The paper presents a detailed hydromechanical analysis of the flow in horizontal Kaplan turbines, with a focus on the trajectory of the streamlines in the essential areas of the installation. The three-dimensional structure of the flow, the formation of vortices, the velocity distribution and the influence of the constructive parameters on the hydraulic performance are investigated. The study combines analytical methods with CFD simulations to identify the areas with energy losses and cavitation potential, providing hydromechanical optimization solutions. The results contribute to improving the design and operation of horizontal Kaplan turbines, with a direct impact on the efficiency and functional stability.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Study on the Mechanical Properties of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2026-0007</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The demand for green buildings requires the use of construction materials with high thermal performance, a low carbon footprint, and adequate structural strength. Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) stands out as an effective solution, offering favorable mechanical and thermal properties. In this study, the mechanical properties of five autoclaved aerated concrete specimens were analyzed. The tests carried out revealed compressive strength values around 3 MPa. The results confirm the strength characteristics through comparison with data from literature.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Studies and Research on the Visual Inspection of Welded Joints]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2026-0002</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bsmm-2026-0002</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this paper is to analyse the application of the visual testing (VT) method in assessing the quality of welds made using MIG-MAG (Metal Inert/Active Gas) and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) processes, according to the standard SR EN ISO 5817, level B, which represents the most demanding criterion for the acceptance of weld defects. Welding is known to be the fusion of two parts or materials made of metal, metal alloys or polymers. The operation takes place at high temperatures, with or without added material (fusion welding), and the surface layers of atoms are activated in this way, through a controlled energy input. The objective of this paper is to highlight the main visually evident defects, to discuss the possibility of discontinuities developing in welded joints and their acceptable level according to the current standards.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Toxicological Risk Assessment of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles in Food Packaging]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2026-0003</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The integration of nanotechnology into the food packaging sector has generated a paradigm shift in food preservation, offering superior antimicrobial and barrier properties. However, the transition from conventional materials to nanocomposites raises fundamental questions regarding “nano-safety” and the potential impact on human health. This review paper critically analyzes current scientific literature on the toxicological risk associated with metallic nanoparticles, with a particular focus on zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) and silver (AgNPs). The complex mechanisms through which these submicroscopic entities can interact with biological systems—from inhalation and dermal contact to ingestion through the gastrointestinal tract—are explored. The analysis focuses on the importance of rigorous physicochemical characterization—including morphology, surface charge, and adsorption capacity—as a mandatory prerequisite in toxicity assessment. Furthermore, the paper examines current testing methodologies, drawing a parallel between the efficiency of in vitro models (oxidative stress, apoptosis, genotoxicity) and the complexity of in vivo studies (biodistribution, clearance, histopathology). A significant segment is dedicated to the dynamics of migration from the polymer matrix into food, evaluating influencing factors such as pH, temperature, and contact time. Finally, directives and guidelines issued by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and REACH regulations are reviewed, providing a theoretical perspective on how scientific and political consensus attempts to define safety limits for the modern consumer.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[FTIR Analysis of Some Flame Retardant and Intumescent Materials for the Irrigation Systems]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2026-0005</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The present work aimed to evaluate non-toxic raw materials that will be part of new hybrid and ecological polymer composite materials, used for fireproof and intumescent treatment of systems and equipment associated with watering of cultivated or uncultivated land surfaces, respectively for land irrigation or for extinguishing vegetation fires, as a feasible, sustainable, efficient and economical alternative to synthesized fireproof and intumescent materials. The possible ecological components of the objective hybrid polymer composite material, which were analyzed, are: Alumina, Liquid starch, Powdered starch, Borax, Zinc borate. The results of the analyses were interpreted by correlation, reporting and comparison with the results obtained from established materials in the field of passive fire protection, which have recognized fire resistance performance, such as: Coroparaffin, Naftoblend ACFR-01, NANO PROTECT - NANO-PROTECT ® for plastics, Nanomagicplastcare, Nanoprotect pre-cleaning and Antimony trioxide. Liquid PVC was analyzed, with the intention of introducing it as an additive during the preparation of hybrid materials, both to improve the physical and mechanical properties and to facilitate subsequent application even in difficult weather conditions, on site, in the field. The research strategy was to choose the component materials so that the resulting hybrid polymer film would not burn, prevent the spread of fire and smoke, maintain its structural integrity and align with the principles of the circular economy. The substances, possibly components of the objective polymer film, were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), in the “pre-burn” phase, respectively before combustion.]]></description>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites: Fibers, Matrices, Manufacturing and Applications]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2026-0004</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Glass fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites (GFRPs) constitute a major class of structural engineering materials owing to their advantageous balance of specific mechanical properties, low density, corrosion resistance, and comparatively low production cost. Their increasing adoption in sectors such as automotive, aerospace, civil infrastructure, marine engineering, and renewable energy reflects the need for lightweight materials capable of delivering reliable mechanical performance under diverse service conditions. This review provides a systematic examination of GFRPs, with emphasis on the interdependence between constituent selection, processing methodology, microstructural development, and macroscopic properties. Particular attention is devoted to the classification of polymer matrix composites, the physicochemical characteristics of glass fibers as reinforcement, and the distinct roles of thermosetting and thermoplastic matrices in governing composite behavior. The analysis also addresses fundamental reinforcement mechanisms, stress-transfer efficiency at the fiber–matrix interface, and the influence of critical manufacturing parameters associated with both conventional and advanced fabrication techniques. Furthermore, the review evaluates the mechanical, thermal, and durability-related performance of GFRPs, highlighting the role of fiber architecture, interfacial adhesion, and microstructural heterogeneity on in-service behavior. Representative application areas are presented to demonstrate the technological relevance and multifunctional potential of these materials.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Integrating Hydroxyapatite-Based Material Innovation Into Digital Heritage Systems: A Data-Driven Framework for Sustainable Heritage Conservation]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2026-0001</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Cultural heritage conservation is increasingly affected by environmental degradation, climate change, and intensified human pressures, which accelerate the decay of historic materials and call for more resilient and adaptive conservation approaches. In this context, growing attention is being given to the combined use of sustainable materials and digital technologies.This paper explores an integrative framework that brings together materials science for heritage conservation, particularly hydroxyapatite-based materials, and digital documentation strategies. The approach builds on a synthesis of experimental and applied studies dealing with the physicochemical behavior, compatibility, and durability of hydroxyapatite-modified systems.Particular attention is given to the types of data generated through such investigations, including microstructural features, moisture-related behavior, and environmental exposure conditions. The study discusses how these data can be organized and incorporated into digital environments such as HBIM and Digital Twin platforms, where they can support monitoring and interpretation over time. The findings suggest that linking material-related data with digital models can improve the understanding of material performance and contribute to more informed conservation decisions. By outlining a conceptual pathway for data integration, the paper offers a starting point for further research aimed at connecting material innovation with digitally supported heritage conservation practices.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Influence of the Shaft Mass on the Natural Pulsation of the Free and Forced Transverse Vibrations and Having a Homogeneous Wheel Mounted at the End]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2026-0009</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The paper aims to study the influence of the mass of the shafts on the natural pulsations of the free and forced transverse vibrations of an elastic system formed by a fixed shaft and a homogeneous wheel for two cases: free vibrations and forced vibrations due to harmonic disturbing forces. With the help of the professional program MATHCAD, the influence of the mass of the shafts on the natural pulsations was simulated for six cases in which the mass of the shaft is taken into account as: 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of its real mass, for forced vibrations with frequencies very close to the first two natural pulsations p1 and p2.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Experimental Evaluation of the Instability Threshold of Vertical Cylindrical Vessels]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2025-0019</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The present paper presents an experimental analysis of the structural behavior of vertical cylindrical vessels subjected to increasing axial loads, with the aim of determining the critical instability threshold. The study focuses on identifying the conditions under which buckling or loss of stability phenomena occur, considering the influence of geometric parameters, material and support conditions. The experiments were performed on certain prototypes, using high-precision measuring equipment to monitor deformations and stress distribution. The obtained results were compared with theoretical predictions and numerical models, highlighting the differences between the idealized and real behavior. The conclusions of the study contribute to improving the design criteria for vertical cylindrical structures and provide recommendations for preventing instability in industrial applications]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Hard Chromium Plating: Technological Challenges, Engineering Approaches, Automation and Innovative Solutions for Optimized Industrial Processes]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2025-0016</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper analyzes the evolution of chromium plating installations, from empirical and traditional methods to modern continuous systems, emphasizing the technological, economic, and ecological differences. Hard chromium plating, an essential electrochemical process for enhancing wear and corrosion resistance, has faced major limitations in its conventional form: high energy consumption, non-uniform deposits, and significant risks to the environment and workers’ health. Modernization through the implementation of continuous plating systems, based on horizontal bar movement and strict control of electrochemical parameters, has brought substantial advantages: reduced electrolyte volumes, improved deposit quality, optimized energy consumption, and minimized environmental impact. Romania, as a European leader in chromed bar production, directly benefits from these advancements, consolidating its industrial competitiveness and strategic position on the international market.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Study of Solicitation States at Circular and Isotropic Plates]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2025-0020</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bsmm-2025-0020</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[In this paper we make a comparison between displacements and stresses of a circular and isotropic plate, which is solicitated at a pressure, using the analytical method and the same parameters obtained with finite element method. In this last case, the plate belong to the respectively recipient. From the two methods, we can conclusion that the results obtained both analytical and Cosmos Finite Element Method are appropriated.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Comparative Study of Stresses Due to Forced Mounting of a Shaft Located on Four Bearings for Three Cases: Coaxial Bearings, Rigid Non-Coaxial Bearings and Elastic Non-Coaxial Bearings]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2025-0017</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bsmm-2025-0017</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The paper presents a comparative study of the stresses that occur for three cases of shaft mounting in a speed reducer: the maximum stresses in a continuous beam located on four coaxial rigid supports, the maximum stresses in the same beam located on four coaxial rigid supports and the maximum stresses in the same beam on four non-coaxial rigid and elastic supports. In the first case of shaft mounting, it is mounted on four bearings with non-coaxial and rigid support, in the second case, the shaft is mounted on the four coaxial and rigid bearings, and in the third case the shaft is mounted on four bearings with non-coaxial rigid and elastic end bearings, the intermediate bearings being mounted in the support by means of elastic elements. The statically indeterminate problem is solved in this paper using the load function method ψ from Strength of Materials and the numerical calculation is done for a particular numerical case, using the step function Φ(x-a) from the professional program MATHCAD. The solution method allows the numerical calculation of reactions, the drawing of internal stress diagrams and the calculation of maximum stresses in the dangerous section.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Irrigation System for Agricultural Land. A Short Review]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2025-0013</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The study is the subject of doctoral research, the purpose of which is to design and implement a sprinkler irrigation system, a system with a dual function, that of irrigating urban and rural areas, soils, agricultural lands and, respectively, that of extinguishing in the event of a vegetation fire, using innovative nanotechnological procedures and advanced nanomaterials.The main objective of the research is that both the partial results and the final result of the research are free of toxicity for humans, animals and the environment, considering the purpose of its use. In this regard, the experimental research will be carried out in accordance with the OECD guidelines on testing and with other internationally recognized and validated testing methods in the field of nanotechnology.The work has the following objectives, in perspective:- design and development of a “Kit - prototype treatment of sprinkler and the equipment of the watering system with a dual function, for irrigation and/or intervention in emergency situations”, with generalized implementation in the Romanian Plain and with experimental application in Talpa Commune, Teleorman County;- making, development of a nanomaterial (polymer film of the type gel, paint, varnish etc.), through innovative nanotechnology, with the capacity, ability to cover different types of surfaces (metallic or non-metallic – e.g. plastic, glass, ceramics, etc.), for the anti-corrosive, flame retardant (fireproof) and intumescent treatment of the watering system, in order to protect against oxidative factors of the environment and passive fire protection;- use of components and a finished product that are non-toxic to humans and nature;- the use of common components, easy to obtain, procure, purchase and with a low cost;- miscibility of components;- easy application by brushing or spraying;- making the sprinkler and the watering system equipment from components with metallic and/or non-metallic surfaces treated anti-corrosively, fireproof and intumescently with innovative nanomaterials.This documentary represents the first stage of scientific research, namely the study of specialized literature in the fields of: environment - climate and desertification, nanotechnology - nanostructured materials, agronomy and agriculture - irrigation.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Wear Management of Abrasive Wheels in CNC Grinding. Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Sharpened Abrasive Wheels]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2025-0018</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The objective of the work is to conduct experimental research to correctly manage the phenomenon of abrasive stone wear in the grinding process of bearings on CNC machines, through their correct and efficient sharpening. To this end, the quality of the ground surfaces with different sharpening regimes is evaluated to identify those optimal working conditions.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Epoxy-Organic Composites: A Review on Sustainable Reinforcements, Processing, Properties, and Applications]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2025-0015</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article offers a thorough review of recent scientific research on the synthesis, characterization, and performance of epoxy-based composite materials reinforced with organic components. It critically evaluates progress made in the past decade in development of composites that incorporate natural fibers, agricultural byproducts, biodegradable polymers, and other bio-derived fillers. By analyzing the existing literature, the review discusses various processing techniques, structural features, and the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of these composites. It highlights how organic reinforcements affect the performance of epoxy matrices. The primary objective is to provide an updated overview of current knowledge in epoxy-organic composites, highlighting emerging trends, key challenges, and opportunities for sustainable innovation. The article also compares findings from multiple studies to clarify the relationships between reinforcement types, interfacial interactions, and composite behavior. Furthermore, it underscores the potential of bio-based and hybrid epoxy composites as eco-friendly alternatives to traditional synthetic materials, supporting the global shift toward circular and low-carbon material engineering.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A Study on Stability of Magnetite Nanoparticles Suspension in Water by Zeta Potential Measurements]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2025-0014</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bsmm-2025-0014</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The paper presents an experimental research on the stability of an aqueous suspension containing 35% magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) using the zeta potential measurement method. The main objective of this study is to determine the variation of zeta potential as function of the suspension’s alkalinity. By charging the surfaces of magnetite nanoparticles with negative hydroxyl groups, they produce electrostatic repulsion between magnetite nanoparticles and prevent short- and medium-term magnetic agglomeration and sedimentation. Alkalinising together with ultrasonication treatment are effective methods for stabilising magnetite nanoparticles suspensions used as ferrofluids.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Evaluation of Silver-Modified ZnAl-Layered Double Hydroxide Coatings for Photocatalytic Self-Cleaning of Mortar Substrates]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2025-0012</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The preservation of stone and mortar elements in cultural heritage structures is increasingly challenged by environmental degradation, pollution, and biological fouling. Photocatalytic coatings represent a promising approach for developing self-cleaning and pollutant-degrading surfaces. In this study, a silver-modified ZnAl-layered double hydroxide (Ag@ZnAl-LDH) was synthesized via coprecipitation and applied as a coating on mortar substrates. The structural and compositional characteristics of the prepared materials were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF). The XRD pattern confirmed the formation of a ZnAl-LDH phase (JCPDS 48-1022) with carbonate as the main interlayer anion, along with additional reflections attributed to ZnO (JCPDS 99-0111) and silver-containing species. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue under natural illumination (700 W/m²), monitored via CIELAB colorimetric parameters. The results demonstrated that Ag@ZnAl-LDH coatings promote the photodegradation of organic dyes, indicating potential for developing functional, self-cleaning coatings for the protection of heritage materials.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Editorial]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bsmm-2025-0011</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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