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        <title>Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section Feed</title>
        <link>https://reference-global.com/journal/BIPIE</link>
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            <title>Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section Feed</title>
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        <copyright>All rights reserved 2026, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi</copyright>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[In-Depth Theoretical and Experimental Review on Dielectrophoretic Manipulation of Biological Cells]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0009</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 21 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a powerful and well-established technique that allows label-free, non-invasive manipulation, and characterization of biological cells by leveraging their electrical properties. DEP has become a promising technique to separate, isolate and identify biotargets suspended within a medium based on their dielectric properties, fact which might be essential in development of future biomedical applications.The herein review is aiming to provide an in-depth collection of experimental studies on utilization of DEP in handling various biological cells. Thus, starting from the classical setup of DEP, several literature-proposed technological configurations for cells sorting have been discussed. The literature is presenting a plethora of studies with respect to electrical evaluation of cells, and this review is reporting a collection of information regarding the functioning principles of different types of dielectrophoresis set-ups and electrical investigation. The interpretation of electrical characteristics against frequency is discussed with respect to interfacial/Maxwell−Wagner polarization. Nonetheless, technological challenges and future scientific directions to be approached for ensuring medium-term large-scale uptake of DEP in clinical studies are discussed while clearly differentiating the influence of electrodes’ geometry and architecture, medium conductivity, DEP parameters against cells electrophysiology.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A VR-Based Upper Limb Exoskeleton for Neuromotor Rehabilitation]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0012</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 21 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a novel upper limb rehabilitation system for stroke patients, combining a patient-specific exoskeleton with an integrated Augmented Reality (AR) platform. By leveraging advanced technologies such as gesture recognition and AR tools (e.g., Microsoft HoloLens), the system aims to enhance functional recovery and user engagement. A custom-designed exoskeleton prototype has been developed and tested, emphasizing precise joint trajectory control, kinematic accuracy, and adaptability to individual user needs.Validation has been conducted through bench tests and human-in-the-loop experiments, focusing on control performance, ergonomic design, and safety. Moreover, the development and testing of the AR-assisted exoskeleton system were carried out with continuous input from a physical therapist, ensuring that clinical expertise was embedded from the conceptual stage onward. These results support future integration into customized rehabilitation protocols for better neurofunctional outcomes by confirming the viability and clinical potential of intelligent, user-adaptive exoskeleton systems.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A Prosumer-Centric Resilient Planning Framework for Low Voltage Electric Distribution Networks Based on Simulation of Development Scenarios]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0010</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 21 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The paper aims to analyse how small-scale renewable energy sources (prosumers in low voltage distribution networks) should modify planning strategies for electric distribution networks (EDNs) considering additional energy generation. By injecting energy locally, prosumers can minimise energy losses and balance the generated and demanded power within the EDNs. With the efficient utilisation of renewable energy potential and significant investments in the technical infrastructure, Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) can facilitate optimal planning for the transition towards active EDNs. In this context, the proposed framework integrates a scenario-based resilient planning software tool for low-voltage EDNs, considering various cases regarding the penetration degrees and energy production of prosumers and load demand at the end-user level. The results from steady-state calculations across all scenarios, built upon combinations of all cases related to penetration degree, energy production, and load demand, highlighted the development and planning challenges that DNOs may encounter in certain situations. In this context, the proposed framework enables the identification of the technical solutions necessary for the optimal operation of future active electrical networks from the planning phase.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Pupil Detection System Implementation for Low-Resolution Eye Images Based on a Fully-Connected Neural Network Classifier]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0008</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0008</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 21 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper presents an implementation of a pupil center detection system that uses a classifier based on neural networks. Being intended for the processing of low-resolution eye images, the implementation is done with a fully connected neural network. The classes of the classifier are defined according to the possible positions of the pupil center. The neural network was trained, tested and validated using 39,000 eye images from 18 databases, images obtained from different human subjects and under variable and non-uniform lighting conditions. The solution is distinguished by the fact that it directly provides the coordinates of the center of the pupil and not just the area where it is located. The results show both high accuracy and high processing speed, the proposed solution being suitable for low-budget implementations of real-time gaze detection systems.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Ethical Considerations on Adopting Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Medicine]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0007</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0007</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 21 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[A faster and smarter healthcare system using artificial intelligence (AI) methods might reliably detect critical diseases, decreasing the patients’ waiting period for diagnosis and treatment. When using such tools, ethical issues related to privacy protection have been constantly raised. Fair AI models should avoid any possible source of bias in the datasets under study, while additionally eliminating discrimination against individuals based on their race, sex, religion, and other categories. More specifically, the European Commission and the World Health Organization have generated a corpus of procedures asking AI stakeholders to overcome these challenges in the medical field. Transparency on the data acquisition procedures and equipment, detailed information about how the model has been trained and evaluated, and extended efforts towards explaining how the decisions of the models have been generated are critical if the patients are going to accept these technologies. The paper discusses some of the specific challenges of adopting AI tools within the medical field, focusing on both opportunities and associated limitations and risks.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Deep Learning Transformer Model for Human Activity Recognition]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0011</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0011</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 21 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Human Activity Recognition (HAR) leveraging wearable sensors has emerged as a critical research area, with broad applications spanning healthcare, elderly assistance, sports analytics, and human-computer interaction. While traditional approaches using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks have effectively extracted local spatial and sequential temporal features from multi-channel sensor data, recent advancements incorporate Transformer-based architectures featuring attention mechanisms that capture long-range temporal dependencies without recurrence. This paper introduces a novel multivariate Transformer model designed to integrate multiple physiological and kinematic data streams such as: electrocardioagram-ECG, photoplethysmogram-PPG (wrist and finger infrared/red), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), respiration, body temperature, three-axis acceleration, and gyroscope signals. Distinctively, the designed architecture assigns dedicated encoders to individual streams to effectively handle signal diversity, sampling frequency variations, and latency discrepancies, using multi-head attention and learnable positional encodings. Evaluated across five experimental scenarios (rest, standing, sitting, running, and walking) segmented into uniform 30-seconds windows, the Transformer-based model demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving approximately 99% accuracy, along with near-perfect sensitivity and F1-scores, highlighting its robustness and superior generalization capability.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[An Overview and Current Challenges in Respect to Screen-Printed Electrochemical Electrodes Employability as Disposable Biosensors]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0003</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0003</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Screen-printed electrodes (SPE) are the core of disposable electrochemical biosensors with a promising role in the electroanalytical experiments in biomedicine (analyte detection-protein, viruses, enzyme; diseases monitoring; biomarkers identification, etc.), providing both quantitative and qualitative information on bio-electrochemical reactions occurring at electrode surface. SPEs are of critical importance in development of portable, low-weight, miniaturized, and effective devices for biological fluid characterization for in-situ experiments. In spite of SPEs multiple advantages, such as their low cost, ease of use, and simple setup, their sensitivity and selectivity are common technological drawbacks.The geometric parameters related to the electrodes’ design and the relationships between them might be a solution in addressing the sensitivity and selectivity issue raised. The herein paper is presenting a collection of data as a result of an in-depth analysis of experimental work reported by scientists in the recent (2019-2024) literature of the biomedical field.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Study on the Use of Digital Twin in Analysis of Photovoltaic System]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0004</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0004</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Photovoltaic systems are an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for meeting energy needs in both the industrial and domestic sectors. Implementing a system that monitors early defects and predicts failure based on weather conditions could significantly improve the performance and reliability. This paper indicates the importance of monitoring and parameter simulation (electrical and thermal) that influence the operation mode of photovoltaic (PV) system. It also highlights the benefits of a practical approach to failure management and anticipation events by simulated setup. By integrating the concept of Digital Twin (DT), which consists in creating a digital replica of the PV system in real time, an intelligent decision system could be developed, being capable of identifying and correcting potential problems before they appear.The analysis of collected data and the integration of weather forecasts allow simulation and testing of different scenarios, thus providing the possibility to make decisions and optimize (PV) system operations. Information retrieved via the Application Programming Interface (API) interface was processed through Python scripts, while data from PV system was collected using specialized sensors.Subsequently, all relevant data has been stocked within automated scripts, which then facilitated the creation of a database for integration output parameters from data block of PV created in Simulink. This approach could be a viable solution for optimizing the use of solar energy, helping to reduce costs and environmental impact in both industrial and domestic applications.The system contains a PV panel, battery management system (BMS), sensors monitoring temperature, pressure, and relative humidity. The data obtained from the practical work have been entered into the simulation, confirming, and validating the experimental stand. Many research on PV systems develop algorithms to monitor and make the system capable of tracking the sun for maximum efficiency. Thus, a comprehensive approach combining monitoring of parameters of PV with external weather data can significantly improve the efficiency, reliability, and durability of a PV system.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Electronic Speed Controller Design for a Quadcopter]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0001</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0001</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Mobility was, and it is one of the most important topics in our life. The main device that it is used for mobility is the motor, and nowadays more and more importance is granted to electric motors. For controlling such an electric motor, we need an Electronic Speed Controller (ESC). Increasing the performance of an electronic speed controller also increase the precision of an electric motor and in this way the mobility is improved in this area.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[An Overview of the Improvements Supported by ICNIRP 2020 Guidelines Compared to Their Previous Editions]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0006</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0006</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[A highly respected authority in the field of non-ionizing radiation (NIR) is the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). This non-profit organization with a scientific mission is a non-state actor that is an official collaborator of both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Commission. The frequency spectrum of these electromagnetic radiations is very wide, starting from infrasound mechanical waves and ending with ultraviolet waves. ICNIRP first developed a comprehensive set of guidelines in 1998. These recommendations were updated in 2010. The most recent scientific progress acquired in the NIR domain, especially from the perspective of their biological effects and methods of monitoring, control and reduction, have been included in the 2020 version of the ICNIRP guidelines. This paper summarizes these improvements, insisting on the main scientific justifications that were at their base. Updates related to the importance of transparency in the development of normative acts, new thresholds, changes to restrictions, the introduction of a new frontier (6 GHz) related to the formulation of exposure restrictions, and the modification of some reference level values are discussed. Attention is given to the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) definition.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A Comparative FEM Study Between Permanent Magnet and Wound Field Synchronous Machines]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0005</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0005</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[In this paper, the performances of a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) and a wound field synchronous machine (WFSM) are compared to highlight their respective advantages and characteristics.This study focuses on two 1kW synchronous machines with a 9/10 structure (9 stator poles and 10 rotor poles) with identical stator geometries, the first one excited by permanent magnets and the second excited by an electromagnetic field. The paper includes detailed descriptions of the electrical machines and their parameters. The analysis was performed by using the ANSYS Motor-CAD software to evaluate the performance of the two machines. Simulation results using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) are analyzed, and conclusions are presented. Key performance characteristics, such as output power, developed torque, cogging torque, and efficiency, were compared. The study indicated that PMSM with permanent magnets on the rotor surface (SPM) offers higher performance but at a higher manufacturing cost, while the WFSM presents a more cost-effective solution with slightly lower overall performance.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Performance Improvement of Distribution Transformers for the Energy System]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0002</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2024-0002</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Rapid advances and developments in the design, modernization, and optimization of transformers have generated an increase in power for the lines of distribution, with transformers occupying important positions in the national and international power systems.This paper compares both the output parameters generated by the design process, the values obtained between 400 kVA transformers, a distribution transformer with conservative, and a hermetic transformer with air cushion (EPA). We use the same construction of the transformer core with columns and yokes made of a sheet of steel with angle-cut unoriented crystals and for the coils, use the copper conductor insulated with paper. The overall dimensions, the total mass of the transformers, the heating calculation, and their efficiency are compared.It has proven that all materials used in the manufacture of a distribution transformer must have superior properties. Using the newest materials in the field we increase the performance of distribution transformers.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A Comparison of Ranking Methods Used in Multiobjective Optimization for Feature Selection in EEG Signals]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0019</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0019</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Electroencephalogram recordings provide insightful information concerning the diagnosis and prognosis of human thinking and memory-related processes, aiding researchers and physicians during Brain-Computer Interface systems development. In electroencephalogram memory pattern identification, feature extraction, and feature selection are determining factors for an impartial data description and an accurate classification. The electroencephalogram signals analyzed in this study are collected from sixteen electrodes split into four frequency bands during specific working memory-related tasks on different reasoning scenarios.Although most genetic algorithm based optimization procedures tackle the minimization of a classifier’s error rate and the number of selected features, they are independent of how feature selection procedures are configured, either in single or multi-objective optimization manners, the major problem is multidimensionality and quantity of redundant and noisy electroencephalogram recordings. Since single objective optimization applied separately for two objectives: the minimization of the misclassification rate and the minimization of the number of selected features bias the final results to a specific objective direction, all these limited explorations ground the use of multi-objective optimization procedures for better and sound results.Regarding all the multi-objective optimization procedures, the compared Pareto ranking schemes are meant for the selection of parents and survivors in evolutionary multi-objective optimization. Usually, Pareto methods use only the dominance analysis for providing the partial sorting of solutions without considering the specific strength of the conflict between them. The methods compared in this paper assign the ranks by combining the search with the decisional mechanism. The decision is implemented through adaptive grouping schemes meant to guide the search towards the middle of the first Pareto fronts, enabling the progressive rejection of profitless solutions. The population is split into several groups to preserve its diversity, and a supplementary objective is added to control the variety of the most valuable genetic information. Finally, the layout of the available solutions in the objective space is examined based on clustering procedures and by individually ranking of the resulting clusters of solutions to counteract the inherent disadvantages of Pareto methods. All compared ranking schemes demonstrate their effectiveness during the evolutionary selection of features. Furthermore, various classifiers distinctively address the problem at hand, illustrating different decisional mechanisms.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Study Upon the Influence of Mobile Phone Communication Technology on Sar Distribution]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0021</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0021</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[From the multitude of electromagnetic field sources that are part of our daily environment, wireless communications occupy a dominant position. Among the devices that use this type of communications, the closest to our hearts (both literally and figuratively) is the mobile phone. This accumulation of radio frequency electromagnetic waves is absorbed (partially) by the bodies they encounter, resulting in their heating. This unwanted increase in temperature is most faithfully illustrated by the distribution of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) parameter. The most accurate results can be provided by “in silico” tests, simulations performed with the help of human phantoms obtained with the help of slices provided by Computer Tomograph (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technologies. In our paper, comparative results of the SAR distribution obtained around the heart are presented, for 6 distinct situations. Conclusions and useful recommendations are presented, resulted from these simulations developed in CST Studio Suite.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Real-Time Asphalt Pothole Detection Using the YOLOv5 Algorithm and the Nvidia Jetson Nano Embedded Board]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0022</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0022</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The present scientific research focuses on the creation of a system for detecting potholes in asphalt to avoid traffic accidents. The motivation for choosing this topic of wide interest comes from the desire to apply the new modern technologies of artificial intelligence and deep learning in an extremely important field of road safety. The use of platforms and systems based on artificial intelligence in smart cities by correctly and quickly detecting potholes in asphalt is very important for autonomous vehicles. To achieve this goal, we used the YOLOv5 algorithm, one for real-time object detection, and the built-in Jetson Nano system, a powerful and efficient platform for AI applications. The final goal of this project is to develop a high-performance system that can recognize and classify potholes in asphalt from images and video streams in real time, with as much precision as possible and that can be used in smart cars.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Brief Survey on Collaborative and Non-Collaborative Behaviors in Multi-Agent Systems]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0020</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0020</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are extensively studied and defined differently in literature. A MAS can be described as an environment with multiple agents that interact with each other or the environment, following predetermined rules to achieve individual or shared goals. This work represents a survey focused on collaborative and non-collaborative behaviors within MAS. The survey presents the key characteristics, benefits and drawbacks of each behavior type and provides a structured review of the literature, emphasizing on the applications of these behaviors in different domains. Understanding these behaviors in MAS can have benefits in both academic research and day-to-day life. This understanding may help researchers and practitioners to design and implement MAS and to provide guidance for different behaviors that may be suitable based on specific scenarios.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Real Time Monitoring Device for Home Applications]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0023</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0023</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a device (data concentrator) capable of collecting data from different sensors connected by wire. Based on the RS485 communication protocol, it can package the data and send it further to cloud by means of GSM communication and FTP File Transfer Protocol. Such a device becomes very useful nowadays because it allows continuous monitoring of signaling in case of an emergency (fire, flood, security alarm). Special attention has been paid to the security of data transmission using a secure FTP channel.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A Short Review of Deep Learning Methods in Visual Servoing Systems]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0018</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0018</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 09 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This survey explores the evolution and applications of Visual Servoing Systems in robotics, emphasizing the transition from traditional image processing techniques to the incorporation of neural networks for feature extraction and control. Robotic systems, integral to manufacturing, surveillance, and healthcare, increasingly rely on Visual Servoing for enhanced interaction within various work environments. Initially focused on auxiliary sensors like visual sensors for robustness and accuracy, recent advances have seen a shift towards integrating deep learning methods for direct control and feature extraction. The survey covers the differences that emerge from classical Visual Servoing architectures to novel methods involving Deep Learning, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations regarding stability, precision, and real-time applicability. Innovative approaches, such as Direct Visual Servoing and the use of siamese networks for camera position estimation, demonstrate significant progress in overcoming the challenges of traditional Visual Servoing. Through detailed examination of leading research, the survey highlights the potential of neural networks to revolutionize this domain by enhancing feature extraction, reducing reliance on precise calibration, and improving control laws for complex robotic tasks.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Coalitional Control Algorithm for a Vehicle Platooning Application – A Selfish Approach]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0014</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0014</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 09 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Nowadays, the public roads are getting more congested than ever, with the increase of vehicle numbers. As such, the necessity of improving the traffic flow, while maintaining the passengers comfort is paramount. In this context, a vehicle platoon, defined as a group of different vehicles, which travel with the same velocity and maintain a prescribed inter-vehicle distance, is considered by the control community as an accepted control solution for efficient traveling. This work provides a selfish coalitional control algorithm suitable for a vehicle platooning application, which is a particular case of a networked system composed of multiple sub-systems (or vehicles), which share information via a communication network. The main idea behind the coalitional control is to design a dynamic communication network, in which the communication links between the agents (which control each vehicle) are enabled or disabled, according to the selected communication topology. Moreover, a selfish approach is envisioned, in which each agent is allowed to switch between the communication topologies and to choose its own, most beneficial one, while ensuring the optimality of the entire vehicle platoon. The control algorithm was tested in simulation, on a five vehicle, heterogeneous platoon, and the results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Comparison Between an Exact and a Heuristic-Based Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Window Constraints]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/bipie-2023-0017</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 09 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This work aims to compare two distinct approaches for solving a Travelling Salesman Problem with time window constraints. Given an environment with a fixed number of cities (points of interest), a robot must determine a route such that each city is visited in an imposed time interval. Both of the examined techniques have the objective of identifying the path with the lowest cost in terms of the distance traveled.The initial approach employs an exact method by defining the requirements as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization problem.The second method involves a meta-heuristic approach, using an ant colony procedure to solve the optimization problem.Besides qualitative information, the performed quantitative comparison relies on multiple numerical simulations performed in a MATLAB environment. We thus highlight the advantages and disadvantages of both methods, by taking into consideration criteria as the simulation time and the relative difference between the obtained costs versus the number of cities.]]></description>
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