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        <copyright>All rights reserved 2026, Konstantin Preslavski University of Shumen</copyright>
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            <title><![CDATA[Current trends in tourism development in Galicia]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2026-0011</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[In the years following the COVID-19 pandemic, international tourism has continued to grow rapidly. Spain continues to be the second most popular tourist destination in the world. Tourism in Galicia is also experiencing rapid growth. There are a number of prerequisites for this, the most important of which are the Camino de Santiago and the rich cultural and historical heritage in the region. This allows the development of both traditional types of tourism and alternative forms of tourism.]]></description>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used for prevention or alleviation of symptoms of Covid-19 in Bulgaria. Part 2: The most used medicinal plants]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2026-0007</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper is a second part of an ethnobotanical survey among phytotherapy users. The present work aimed to identify the medicinal plants used for prevention or alleviation of symptoms of COVID-19 disease in Northeastern Bulgaria. The other goal is a comparison of listed medicinal plants with the results of other ethnobotanical surveys in Bulgaria, as well with the accessible scientific data about the possibility to use listed plants in the case of Covid-19. The results revealed the significance of particular species for local people. The comparison with other ethnobotanical surveys in Bulgaria showed some peculiarities, due to the selection of the informants and to the goal of the questionnaire. Nowadays phytomedicine users rely not only to preserved traditional medicine, but also to sources as internet, mass media and specialized literature. The provided by us brief online review disclosed the existence of accessible scientific data about possibilities to use some medicinal plants for prevention or alleviation of symptoms of Covid-19 disease. The results of the survey supported folk medicine knowledge and showed the impact of the new informative sources on attitudes of the respondents. From this point of view, the responsibility of the institutions is the provision of information about safety and correct medicinal plants` utilization.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Economic and management perspectives realized through the Eurocity Chaves-Verin project]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2026-0010</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The enlargement of the European Union and the deepening of cross-border cooperation between the individual member states provide new opportunities for economic and social prosperity. Thanks to this cooperation, Euroregions and Eurocities are emerging between a number of European countries. A pioneer in this regard is Eurocity Chaves-Verin, in the northwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula where Spain and Portugal border. It affects not only the cities of Chaves and Verin, but also the neighboring territories.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Review on the Applications of Adaptive Optics in Ophthalmology]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2026-0009</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[In ophthalmology, adaptive optics (AO) corrects optical aberrations in the eye in real time using deformable mirrors and wavefront sensors. Doctors can now examine individual photoreceptor cells, capillaries, and nerve fibers in the living eye thanks to this innovative technology that makes it possible to view retinal structures under a microscope without invasive surgery. The specific flaws in how light passes through the cornea and lens, two of the eye's natural optics, are measured by wavefront sensing. A sharp, diffraction-limited focus is produced by the deformable mirrors, which employ small, computer-controlled mirrors that precisely cancel out these aberrations. In order to increase their resolution to a cellular or subcellular level, adaptive optics is rarely used as a stand-alone device. Examples of such devices include the Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (SLO), which provides quick, high-contrast video streams of the retina, mapping cone mosaics, and observation. Additionally, AO is used in conjunction with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to combine 3D cross-sectional tissue scanning and AO to provide remarkably clear images of the retina's various layers. Furthermore, AO-Microperimetry maps vision loss at the cellular level by connecting the precise physical structure of retinal cells with their localized functional sensitivity. The clinical significance of conventional diagnostic tools frequently identify retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) after irreversible structural damage has already taken place. AO speeds up the development of targeted therapies and allows for real-time monitoring of treatment efficacy by enabling researchers and clinicians to examine the earliest microscopic indications of these conditions. Despite its enormous potential for clinical research, its widespread adoption in typical doctor's offices is constrained by high equipment costs. The aim of this paper is to provide brief explanation about the applications of adaptive optics in ophthalmology.]]></description>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Supplement to the chorology of rare plant taxa from karst habitats in Eastern Bulgaria]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2026-0008</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The present study provides new chorological data on Anthemis rumelica (Velen.) Stoj. &amp; Acht. a rare and conservation-significant taxon in the Bulgarian flora. A new locality of the species has been established within the territory of the Provadiysko-Royaksko Plateau Protected area, recorded for the first time within the floristic region of Northeastern Bulgaria, thus extending its currently known distribution range to the northeast. The species was found in open, rocky, and limestone karst habitats, dominated by facultative chasmophytic species, at an altitude of approximately 180 m. The presented data contribute to a more precise mapping of the species' distribution in Bulgaria and highlight the importance of the Provadiysko-Royaksko Plateau Protected area as a floristically valuable area in terms of plant diversity. Brief notes on its ecological preferences and associated vegetation are provided. The results emphasize the need for more detailed field investigations and for the conservation of this Balkan endemic species and its newly established locality.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Modern specifics in the development of tourist infrastructure and superstructure in Bulgaria and directions for improvement]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2026-0012</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Tourism infrastructure and superstructure are key implementation factors in tourism. Without their construction and renovation, it is difficult, even impossible, for the tourism development and development of the territory. The construction of the material base of tourism requires significant investments. Their return is guaranteed by the increase in the attractiveness of the respective tourist destination. The majority of innovations in tourism are related to the tourist infrastructure and superstructure.Bulgaria is a tourist destination that has invested significant funds in the improvement and expansion of the material base of tourism in recent decades. However, there are still a number of shortcomings and problems in the material base that provides for the tourism industry in the country. The purpose of this publication is to highlight the contemporary specifics and trends in the condition and use of the tourist infrastructure and superstructure in Bulgaria, as well as to outline guidelines and prospects for improvements.The paper examines the theoretical framework of the concepts of tourism infrastructure and superstructure. It briefly introduces readers to the specifics of Bulgaria as a tourist destination. The largest part of the presentation is focused on the contemporary specifics of the material base of tourism in Bulgaria. Special attention is paid to the needs and prospects in this direction.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Students’ attitudes towards the interactive methods used for the purpose of health education]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2026-0006</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 28 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The study is part of a didactic experiment, aimed at testing the effectiveness of using interactive methods in teaching Biology and Health Education to school students. The interactive methods have been selected in correspondence with the learning objectives of specified methodological units from the sections “Kingdom of Fungi” and “Kingdom of Animals” tested in the conditions of real lessons with students from the 7th Grade of Yoan Exarch Bulgarski Secondary School in Shumen. As a result of the application of interactive teaching methods, students have a conscious and motivated perception of the subject matter, they understand and evaluate their responsibility for human health – their own and that of others, and the acquired theoretical knowledge forms their behavior and readiness for action in solving critical health-related situations in life.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Editorial Note: Rezovska River – the southern border of Bulgaria]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2026-0001</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 28 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[About the Values in Geography and Geographical Education]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2026-0005</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 28 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[In times of global uncertainty, the important need to seek a stable foundation for the development of society and the educational system comes to the fore. Historical experience and the directions of development of contemporary geographical science prove that in times of spiritual emptiness, it is necessary to turn to its object and subject, which are related to space and territory. In this way, the epistemological and geographical values that are important for geographical knowledge, education, and society as a whole can be identified.In the school geography education system, values can become a magnet for strengthening students’ interest and motivation in the subject. They could help turn them into individuals who build and maintain a value-oriented system of views, norms, and behavior and are ready for successful realization in their future lives by demonstrating an active social and civic position.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Relief-forming processes in the southeastern periphery of the Bulgarian continental microplate]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2026-0004</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 28 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study presents a comprehensive review of the orogenic processes contributing to the development of the contemporary relief and its characteristic morphostructural features in the southeastern periphery of the Bulgarian continental microplate. The analysis is grounded in current plate tectonic theories concerning the geodynamic evolution of the Balkan Peninsula as part of the Neoeuropean continental margin of Eurasia. Special attention is given to the present-day morphostructural configuration of the terrain and the significant role of listric tectonics in its formation. The examined relief-forming processes are interpreted as a complex interaction between endogenous (tectonic and orogenic) forces and exogenous (denudational and depositional) processes, reflecting the dynamic nature of landscape evolution in the region.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Study of the stimulating effect of Tribulus terrestris L. on honey productivity of bee colonies]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2026-0003</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 28 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony development and honey productivity depend on both nutritional resources and the availability of bioactive compounds that support brood rearing and physiological regulation. While supplemental feeding with sugar syrup provides carbohydrates, it does not supply essential phytoactive substances. Tribulus terrestris L., a medicinal plant rich in furostanol saponins such as protodioscin, flavonoids, and glycosides, has demonstrated hormone-like and adaptogenic properties in various organisms, yet its potential as a natural stimulant in apiculture remains largely unexplored. This study evaluated the effect of T. terrestris extract on honey productivity of bee colonies over two consecutive seasons (2024–2025) in northeastern Bulgaria. Experimental groups received inverted sugar syrup supplemented with either T. terrestris extract or the Startovit mineral-vitamin stimulant, while a control group received syrup only. Results indicated that colonies receiving T. terrestris extract achieved significantly higher honey yields - up to 35% more than controls in 2024 and 43% in 2025. The findings demonstrate that T. terrestris extract can safely and effectively enhance colony performance and honey production, offering a cost-efficient, natural alternative to synthetic stimulants in apiculture.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Study of the effect of the plant extract of Tribulus terrestris L. on the foraging activity of bees (summer flight activity)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2026-0002</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 28 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony productivity and foraging activity are influenced by both external factors, such as climatic conditions and nectar availability, and internal factors, including colony strength and queen fertility. While plant-based supplements have been studied for their effects on colony health and productivity, the impact of Tribulus terrestris L. on summer flight activity remains unknown. This study evaluated the effect of T. terrestris extract on honey bee foraging behavior over two consecutive seasons (2024–2025) in three Bulgarian apiaries. Three groups were established: a control fed with inverted sugar syrup, an experimental group supplemented with T. terrestris extract, and a second experimental group receiving the Startovit mineral-vitamin stimulant. Flight activity was measured by counting bees departing each hive during three-minute intervals. Results showed that T. terrestris supplementation significantly increased summer flight activity compared to the control and “Startovit” groups, with the highest increases observed in 2024. These findings provide the first experimental evidence that T. terrestris extract can enhance honey bee foraging behavior, suggesting its potential as a natural, non-hormonal stimulant to improve colony performance and resource utilization.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Water – the famous unknown factor of life]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2025-0020</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This seemingly ordinary, transparent liquid turns out to be extremely vital and far more mysterious than we imagined. Is it a coincidence that about 70% of our planet is covered with water and that almost as much of the human body consists of water? According to the creator of scientific physical dowsing, engineer Louis Turenne, in addition to ordinary water with the chemical formula H2O, there are 6 more types of heavy water with chemical formulas H4O, H4O2, H4O4, H4O8, H4O16, H4O32 and the so-called Turenne Green Water, consisting of ordinary water + the 6 heavy waters together. Japanese researcher Dr. Masaru Emoto conducted a series of experiments observing the physical impact of words, prayers, music and environment on the crystalline structure of water. Emoto reported that words expressing emotions are transmitted to the water: positive emotions tend to generate beautiful crystal structures, and negative ones - ugly, disharmonious ones. Experiments conducted in a laboratory at the University of Washington have discovered a fourth phase. This phase is found near water-loving (hydrophilic) surfaces. It exists almost everywhere in nature, including the human body. The formation of EZ water creates an electrical potential that can be used to perform mechanical or chemical work.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used for prevention and treatment of Covid-19 in Northeastern Bulgaria. Part 1: The source of phytotherapy knowledge and safety concerns]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2025-0017</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The present survey was designed to find out the attitudes of selected informants from Northeastern Bulgaria – persons who confirmed that use medicinal plants, towards phytotherapy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the first part of our survey was focused on the source of information of herbal utilization, the way of obtaining of medicinal plants, safety concerns and influence of demographic features of the participants. The survey revealed that people who used herbal remedies rely on new informative sources as internet and mass media. As can be expected, the sex and the level of education influenced the respondents‘ statement about herbal safety. Amongst the demographic features, the place of residence exerted impact on answers to several questions – the way of obtaining of herbs, their possible side effects and the possibility to replace synthetic drugs. An alarm are the hesitant answers to the questions about the herbal side effects and the control of production of herbal preparations. Moreover, the present survey revealed new focus groups for providing of information about the safe production of herbal medicines – students and single living persons.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Overview of the Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855): Key Traits and Control Measures. Threats to agricultural crops in Bulgaria]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2025-0018</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is one of the most dangerous, invasive agricultural pests globally, causing significant economic losses. This review synthesizes current scientific research on its taxonomy, morphology, biology, ecology, and management, with a focus on the invasion in Europe and the status in Bulgaria. The analysis confirms that H. halis, an invasive pest native to East Asia and established in our country since 2016, is already causing damage to agricultural crops. Key factors for its spread are extreme polyphagy (over 300 host species), its overwintering behavior (entering buildings and vehicles, facilitating anthropochory), and high reproductive potential. Temperature requirements (lower developmental threshold ≈14.2°C and ≈538 DD for a full cycle) and data from the region strongly indicate that species is univoltine or has one and a partial second generation in the main agricultural regions of Bulgaria. Climate change is expected to expand the areas supporting bivoltinism and increase population pressure. Effective management is impossible without implementing an integrated approach (IPM), focusing on behavioral tactics (monitoring at crop borders with pheromone attractants) and urgently researching the potential for biological control with the egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus, which is already established adventively in other parts of Europe.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Application of artificial intelligence and GIS for integrated modeling of processes and factors related to the greening of urban environments]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2025-0014</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/asn-2025-0014</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[As a tool for processing and analyzing multiple types of data in various fields, GIS is of significant importance and contributes greatly to the digitization, automation, and management of diverse processes. The functionalities of these systems can be enhanced with the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) for improving analysis algorithms. Their combined use, based on machine learning aimed at discovering features and generating solutions unnoticed by human factors, can significantly improve the quality of research and the results obtained. This is especially true in cases where large volumes of data in the form of time series need to be handled. This article analyzes the potential for the productive use of GIS and AI in the field of air pollution research and forecasting, based on available data on the distribution of different types of pollutants and climatic data for urbanized areas. The generated digital models through the functionalities of GIS are supplemented by using AI for time series analysis. The results of the study will be used in future developments aimed at using AI and GIS to study pollen pollution in urban conditions and reduce health risks.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Assessment of natural background radiation in the tourist area of Biserna Cave based on in situ measurements]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2025-0021</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study presents the first detailed in situ assessment of natural background radiation in the tourist-accessible portion of Biserna Cave, Bulgaria. Using portable gamma-ray dosimeter and radon detectors, we measured ambient gamma-ray dose rates and radon concentrations along the cave route. Radon was measured at eleven depth-profile points, and a time-weighted average inhalation dose was calculated using a 40% – 20% – 40% time-distribution model (entry – final – travel). The resulting 1-hour inhalation dose (radon) is ~ (3.81 – 10.695) µSv, including a mean gamma-ray component (0.177 µSv/h), the max total is ≈ 10.872 µSv. For a seasonal visitor population of 2,000 – 2,500, the max collective dose is 21.7 – 27.2 mSv. Tour guides, with ~ 115 h exposure annually, receive ~ (0.42 – 1.22 mSv) ± (0.126 – 0.450) mSv. These values lie well below regulatory limits for public exposure, but the elevated radon concentration levels in deeper zones merit attentive occupational monitoring. The study underscores the importance of depth-resolved profiling and site-specific dose modelling in cave ecotourism settings.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Possibilities of using plant species from 62С0* Ponto-Sarmatic steppes natural habitat for decorative purposes]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2025-0019</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[It is hypothesised that wild plants have the potential to be used as ornamentals. The term ‘wild’ as applied to plant species refers to those that grow spontaneously in self-sustaining populations. The ornamentals encompass a diverse array of herbaceous seasonal flowers, shrubs, semi-shrubs, and woody species. A significant attribute of ornamentals is their aesthetic appeal. The cultivation of plants is driven by a variety of factors, including the presence of specific characteristics such as: flowers, leaves, fragrance, fruit, stem, bark, or due to the presence of particular physiological and morphological characteristics. There is an emerging trend of incorporating novel wild native plants that possess ornamental value with the objective of reducing the financial burden associated with garden maintenance, enhancing the survival rates of plants in unfavourable conditions, and curtailing the propagation of alien floral species to regulate their dispersal. The present study constitutes an inventory of the floristic diversity of native wild ornamental plants of the priority 62CO* Ponto-Sarmatic steppes natural habitat, that have decorative qualities. In the course of the field surveys conducted as part of the 62C0* habitat restoration project, 60 species from 22 families were identified as having the potential to be used as ornamental plants. The majority of these species are classified as perennial herbaceous.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The demographic crisis in Bulgaria: trends, problems and prospects]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2025-0015</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[For the last thirty years, Bulgaria has been gripped by a demographic crisis, which has led to a rapid decrease in the number of the population. This is due to the demographic transformation and the country entering the fourth stage of the demographic transition. To it we can add the large migration flows, characteristic of the economic crisis during the transition. The aim is to analyze the deteriorating demographic indicators, which are closely related to the socio-economic problems in Bulgaria. The methods used allow population projections to be made, which are also unfavourable. The deepening of the negative demographic processes, which leads to an acute labour shortage, difficult functioning of the social systems, ethnic change of the population and depopulation of significant territories of the country, has been traced. The need for a more effective demographic policy and adequate intervention by the state is shown.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Geography as a network: Linking minds, disciplines and generations]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/asn-2025-0016</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[In today’s globalizing world, building “networks” in various directions is a modern and adequate way to collaborate and achieve noticeable results. “Community” is the space (geographical, virtual, thematic, hierarchical) that unites interests and problems, brings people together, and consolidates solutions. The main relationships in such networks involve communication, sharing experiences, problem identification, problem-solving, and implementation. In this sense, the current material explores the essence of “networks,” their positive and current opportunities for problem-solving and unifying thoughts. It examines some exemplary geographical communities, as well as those with an interdisciplinary character. It provides examples in solving specific problems, as well as alternatives for similar associations. It considers them on different levels - physical, social, virtual, and with the establishment of networks and connections with social, scientific, and educational functions. The most popular networks based on social platforms are considered, as well as those built by corporate associations and based on specific goals and tasks (e.g., promoting a particular product or quality) - such as the ArcGIS Society and others. Corporate training academies serve as winning examples of specific knowledge and goal scopes aimed at product realization or solving practical-applied problems. The consistency in conducting seminars and scientific events also builds a stable community over time (including in geographic science). The author proposes an alternative for a new, contemporary interdisciplinary network, uniting members and achievements in innovations, artificial intelligence, and education: The IDEA Community. To achieve a visible end result, expressed in: Connecting Minds, Creating Community.]]></description>
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