Acta Chimica Slovaca Feed

Corn-fed to pasture-mimic: contrasting fatty-acid signatures in Mangalica backfat

Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Backfat fatty-acid composition in Mangalica pigs was evaluated under four practical on-farm feeding regimens: a standard diet, two corn-concentrate diets containing approximately 46.5 % and 93 % corn, and a pasture-mimic diet based on lucerne pellets with supplemental boiled acorns. Sixty pigs were allocated to the four regimens and slaughtered in three batches. Backfat fatty acids were analysed as methyl esters by gas chromatography with flame-ionisation detection and expressed as relative percentages of total detected fatty acids. Two-way analysis of variance showed that feeding regimen, slaughter batch, and their interaction influenced the relative proportions of selected fatty acids. Oleic acid remained predominant in all regimens, but the response of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids was stage-dependent. The high-corn regimen differed most clearly in the final batch, with higher palmitic and stearic acid and lower linoleic acid, than the other feeding regimens. The results indicate that feeding strategy can modulate Mangalica backfat composition although the effect depends strongly on the finishing stage.

Differential pulse voltammetric assay of H1-antihistamine fexofenadine in pharmaceutical formulations using a bare glassy carbon electrode

Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A simple differential pulse voltammetric procedure was developed for the determination of the H1-antihistamine fexofenadine in commercial pharmaceutical formulations using a bare glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical behavior of fexofenadine was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer solutions. The analyte provided an irreversible anodic signal at approximately +0.75 V versus an Ag/AgCl/3 mol·L−1 KCl reference electrode in phosphate buffer at pH 10, where the highest current response was obtained. The influence of scan rate indicated that the oxidation process was predominantly diffusion-controlled. Differential pulse voltammetry was optimized and then used for quantitative analysis. Under the optimized conditions, the method provided a linear concentration range from 9.5 to 67.9 μmol·L−1, a detection limit of 2.7 μmol·L−1, and repeatability expressed as a relative standard deviation of 4.8 % for twelve replicate measurements. The influence of selected tablet excipients, including glucose, sucrose, starch, and cellulose, was evaluated, with changes in the integrated fexofenadine response remaining below 5 % at all tested mass ratios. The proposed procedure was applied to the assay of two commercial fexofenadine tablet products, Allegra® 120 mg and Ewofex® 120 mg, using the standard addition method, providing recoveries of 99.4 % and 98.7 %, respectively. The method offers a simple option for the differential pulse voltammetric assay of fexofenadine in tablet formulations.

Graphitic carbon nitride/activated carbon composite inks for screen-printed electrodes: Influence of composition on rheology, microstructure and electrochemical performance

Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Composition of conductive inks plays a decisive role in determining both printability and electrochemical performance of screen-printed electrochemical sensors. In this work, composite conductive inks based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and activated carbon (AC) were prepared with systematically varied filler ratios and evaluated by rheological measurements, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. All inks exhibited shear-thinning behavior suitable for screen printing, while increasing the g-C3N4 content enhanced the low-shear viscosity and promoted rapid structural recovery after shear. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that nanosized g-C3N4 filled the interparticle voids between larger AC particles, producing a denser and more homogeneous composite microstructure. Electrochemical performance was evaluated using a [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox probe. Increasing the AC fraction reduced the peak-to-peak separation from 130 mV for pure g-C3N4 electrode to 100 mV for the 50:50 and 25:75 composites, indicating more facile interfacial charge-transfer kinetics, although the associated Faradaic peak currents decreased with the increasing AC content due to lower density of g-C3N4-associated redox-active sites. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed a substantial decrease in charge-transfer resistance from 148.5 Ω cm2 for pure g-C3N4 to 7.2 Ω・cm2 for g-C3N4:AC (25:75) composite, outperforming even pure AC electrode (16.9 Ω・cm2). The results demonstrate synergistic interaction between both conductive components. Both materials, g-C3N4 and AC, provide electrochemically active surface sites that promote the Faradaic response, whereas AC establishes an efficient conductive network that facilitates charge transport. The optimized g-C3N4:AC (25:75) represents a promising conductive ink for the fabrication of low-cost, reliable, screen-printed electrodes that can be readily modified through further surface or bulk functionalization for diverse electrochemical sensing applications.

A new and rapid method for lactose identification and quantification in milk and other liquid dairy products using gas chromatography with a flame-ionisation detector

Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT

This study focuses on optimising the pre-treatment, derivatisation processes, and gas chromatography conditions for the determination of lactose in liquid dairy products. Efficiency of sample preparation consists in the coagulation of protein components in methanol, centrifugation, and subsequent drying in a nitrogen stream. Derivatisation of the monitored carbohydrates is performed using a two-step silylation process. The samples were analysed using gas chromatography with flame-ionisation detection (GC-FID). Based on the calibration of lactose content in the range of 0.1—10 % w/v, quantitative determination of this disaccharide was performed in 18 milk samples. The paper presents the results of quantitative analysis as well as dosing and derivatisation repeatability. This method compensates for time-consuming sample preparation by reducing the separation time of mono- and disaccharides to 16 minutes.

Hydrogen storage properties of light transition metal clusters coated on bowl-shaped carbon nanostructures

Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT

An interaction between hydrogen molecules and bowl-shaped circumtrindene doped with metal clusters composed of light transition metals (Sc, Ti, and V) is investigated using the density functional theory. Two distinct modes of hydrogen binding are identified, namely Kubas interaction and dissociative binding. When considering the interaction of circumtrindene doped with tetrahedral metal clusters with three hydrogen molecules, dissociative binding is energetically preferred over the Kubas interaction. These systems can bind additional hydrogen molecules via Kubas interactions, with the number of bound hydrogen molecules depending on the transition metal as follows: six in case of Sc-based systems, while only three and four in case of Ti- and V-based systems, respectively. Additional hydrogen molecules can be physisorbed to the studied metal clusters. Metal–hydrogen bond strength, evaluated via the QTAIM analysis, increases in the following order: Sc—H < Ti—H < V—H. In case of hydrogen saturation of the studied systems, corresponding to ten hydrogen molecules, the calculated gravimetric density reaches up to 3.2 wt %.

Cytotoxic effect of cryptopleurine and its interaction with cisplatin in A549 lung cancer cells

Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT

In this study, the effect of the plant alkaloid cryptopleurine (CRP) on the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin (CDDP) in non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells was investigated. Cells were treated with various concentrations of CRP and CDDP, either individually or in combination. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and drug interactions were evaluated employing the Chou-Talalay method. The results did not demonstrate a synergistic interaction between CDDP and CRP, instead, the combination exhibited an antagonistic effect in vitro. Further analyses using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy revealed no significant induction of apoptosis following combined treatment. Most cells remained viable and only a minimal increase in necrosis was observed. While morphological alterations and reduced cell proliferation were detected, these effects did not correspond to classical apoptotic features, suggesting the involvement of alternative non-apoptotic mechanisms.These findings indicate that CRP does not enhance CDDP cytotoxicity and should not be considered a chemosensitizer of CDDP. Rather, CRP may be more appropriately evaluated as an independent or alternative approach under the tested conditions.

Design of nanogels for targeted delivery of dinitrosyl iron complexes (nitric oxide donors)

Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT

The main problem in oncology is the lack of specificity of action of many antitumor drugs, which creates a need for the development of new technologies providing targeted delivery of drugs to cancer cells. Nanogels from chitosan and hyaluronic acid were obtained using cross-linking reagents. To obtain nanogels, various ratios of chitosan and hyaluronic acid (1:1.25, 1:2.5, 1:5, 2:1, 5:1) were used. As a result, nanogels of various sizes and morphologies were obtained. Electron microscopy showed that nanogels are polydisperse and have a size of 100—400 nm. Dynamic light scattering method established that the obtained nanogels are positively charged and have a surface potential of (+) 5.3 ±0.31. Stability of nanogels in water, fetal bovine serum, and saline, as well as that of nanogels-dinitrosy iron complex was studied. Results of dynamic light scat-tering showed that nanogels retain high stability and are resistant to aggregation in water and in physiologi-cal solutions. Cytotoxicity of these nanogels was studied using the fluorescence method, which showed that nanogels in the growth medium at 20, 40, and 60 % are compatible with cells, with cell viability maintained at levels ranging from 100 to 78 %. The nanogels-dinitrosy iron complex has been proved to suppress the viability of prostate cancer cells 1.5 times. These results underscore the potential of nanogels in improving cancer treatment through enhanced targeted delivery and inhibition of cell viability of cancer cells.

Synthesis, molecular and electronic properties, and crystal structure of two novel potent perfluorophenylhydrazone derivatives, 1-((5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)methylene)-2-(perfluorophenyl) hydrazine, and 1-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)-2-(perfluorophenyl) hydrazine

Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Two novel potent perfluorophenylhydrazone derivatives, 1-((5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)methylene)-2-(per- fluorophenyl)hydrazine, (I), and 1-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)-2-(perfluorophenyl) hydrazine, (II), are introduced, with suggested improvement by further design. Their multitarget structures and features have been combined to create potential AD therapeutics. Crystals (I) and (II) are molecules with two rings and a hydrazone part at the centre of the molecule. They were synthesised and characterised using elemental and spectroscopic (1H-NMR) analyses and their crystal structures were determined using the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The structures crystallise in the monoclinic space group with Z = 2 and Z = 4 molecules per unit cell. Compound (I) crystallises as a dimer in the non-centrosymmetric space group, while compound (II) crystallises as a racemate in the centrosymmetric space group. The “absolute configuration and conformation for bond values” were not derived from anomalous dispersion (rmad). The crystal structures reveal diverse non-covalent interactions such as intra- and inter-hydrogen bonding, π-ring — π-ring, C—H — π-ring interactions. The expected stereochemistry of hydrazone atoms C7, N2, and N1 was confirmed for compounds (I) and (II). Both molecules possess a “boat conformation” resembling a 6-membered ring. Results of the single crystal studies were reproduced using the Hirshfeld surface analysis, Gaussian software, and QTAIM contour mapping.

Influence of the counter-anions on the [Ni(Him)6]2+ complex cation (Him = imidazole)

Sat, 28 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Four ionic Ni(II) complexes containing the [Ni(Him)6]2+ (Him = imidazole) complex cation were prepared: [Ni(Him)6](CO3)·5H2O (1), [Ni(Him)6](ac)2·H2O (2, ac = acetate), [Ni(Him)6](NO3)2 (3), and [Ni(Him)6]SiF6 (4); complexes 2 and 4 are new. The prepared complexes were characterized chemically and spectroscopically. Results of X-ray single crystal studies have shown that all four complexes exhibit ionic crystal structures comprising [Ni(Him)6]2+ complex cations, the respective anion(s), and in case of 1 and 2, additional solvate water molecules. Ni(II) central atoms in all complexes 1—4 are hexa-coordinated by six N-atoms originating from monodentate Him ligands. While in 1 and 4 the NiN6 chromophore is quite a regular octahedron with only one independent Ni—N bond, as imposed by local symmetry, in 2 and 3 the octahedra are slightly deformed. On the other hand, significant differences were observed in the orientation of Him rings within the respective coordination polyhedra.

Reaction mode of catalytic styrene oxidation using a bis-semicarbazide hexaazamacrocyclic Cu complex

Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Catalytic styrene Ph—CH=CH2 oxidation is assumed to be a simple reaction procedure; however, its details require further systematic research. Using quantum-chemical treatment, relevant intermediates have been investigated in various charge and spin states of alternative reaction pathways of styrene oxidation by hydroperoxyl using the [CuL]− catalyst, where H2L = trans-2,9-dibutyl-7,14-dimethyl-5,12-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4,8,9,11-hexaazacyclotetradeca-7,14-diene-3,10-dione. Within reaction pathway A, the neutral hydroperoxyl radical is bonded to Cu to form 2[CuL(OOH)]–. Subsequent addition of neutral styrene results in the formation of 2{[CuL(OH)](Ph—CH2—CHO)}–. Reaction pathway B starts with the initial non-radical formation of the π-complex 1[CuL(Ph—CH=CH2)]− which is problematic due to its endothermic character. Subsequent addition of a hydroperoxyl radical leads to 2{CuL[Ph—CH(OOH)—CH2]}− and its oxidation leads to the separation of Ph—CH(OOH)—CH2. The exothermic reaction path A is preferred over the endothermic reaction path B.

Two tetranuclear [Ni(II)/Dy(III)]2 solvatomorphs based on symmetric bicompartmental Schiff base type ligand

Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

From the system [Ni(o-van-en) ] — DyBr3, a novel tetranuclear complex [Ni(o-van-en) Dy(H2O)2(OH)]2Br4·6H2O (1) was isolated; H2(o-van-en) was synthesized by 2/1 condensation of o-vanillin and ethylenediamine. Single crystals (SC) of 1, upon standing in methanol/isopropanol mother liquor, underwent a SC-SC transformation and yielded a new solvatomorph [Ni(o-van-en)Dy(H2O)2(OH)]2Br4·MeOH· iPrOH·H2O (2). Both complexes, 1 and 2, were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray analysis. Crystal structures of both 1 and 2 are ionic. Within the bicompartmental unit {Ni(o-van-en)Dy(H2O)2(m-OH)}, the square coordinated Ni(II) atom occupies the smaller cavity (donor set is cis-N2O2) while the octacoordinated Dy(III) atom (donor set is O8) is placed in the larger cavity. The two [Ni(o-van-en)Dy(H2O)2(m-OH)] units are linked by a pair of m-OH bridging ligands. The unit cell content is completed by bromide anions and water (1) or methanol, isopropanol, and water solvate molecules (2).

Weight loss of coffee cream in polystyrene packaging

Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

This study aimed to quantify the weight loss of coffee cream (10 % fat) packaged in 10 g and 5 g polystyrene (PS) tubes over 316 days. A total of 13,760 weight measurements were performed across four production batches. Significant linear dependence between the absolute weight of coffee cream and time was observed, with negative slopes of –0.009 g/d and –0.007 g/d, and R² values of 0.990 and 0.996 for 10 g and 5 g tubes, respectively. Considering the surface area of the PS tube without its aluminium lid, water vapour transmission rates were calculated as 3.34 ±0.08 g/m²·d for 10 g tubes and 2.56 ±0.07 g/m²·d for 5 g tubes. Time required to decrease the weight of the cream by 10 % was 137.0 ±3.0 days for 10 g fillings and 84.0 ±1.9 days for 5 g fillings. Conversely, a loss of 1 g occurred over 110.7 ±2.4 days and 144 ±3.3 days in 10 g and 5 g tubes, respectively. These findings provide producers with an estimate of the excess amount of coffee cream needed to maintain the declared value in PS packaging material, depending on the intended shelf life.

Quantum-chemical studies of triangulo cobalt-hydride clusters with trimethylphosphine and carbonyl ligands

Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Geometry of neutral [Hn{Co(μ2-CO)(PMe3)2}3] complexes, n = 0→4, in three lowest spin states was optimized at the B3LYP/6-311G* level of theory with GD3 dispersion correction. The most stable quartet spin state was found for [{Co(μ2-CO)(PMe3)2}3] whereas the doublet or triplet spin states are the most stable in the remaining complexes. Hydrogenation of [{Co(μ2-CO)(PMe3)2}3] to the complexes with μ3-H bridges is more advantageous at lower temperatures. Trigonal symmetry is preserved only in [(μ3-H){Co(μ2-CO)(PMe3)2}3]. Neutral H2 units in [(H2){Co(μ2-CO)(PMe3)2}3], [(H2)(μ3-H){Co(μ2-CO)(PMe3)2}3], and [(H2)2{Co(μ2-CO)(PMe3)2}3] are only physisorbed and show vanishing spin density. Spin density is concentrated dominantly at positively charged Co atoms and only the vanishing spin density is located at the negatively charged μ3-H atoms. There are no Co—Co bonds and the Co3 triangles are held together only by μ2-CO and μ3-H bridges.

How solid-state fermentation with A. niger changes agro-waste of apple, aronia and sea buckthorn to attractive antioxidant compounds

Sat, 19 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT

This work focuses on the influence of solid-state fermentation on the polyphenols and flavonoids conent in fruit pomace of apple, aronia, and sea buckthorn. A comparison was made during a seven-day fermentation of pomace with A. niger and with autochthonous microflora, showing that this method has no significance for aronia and sea buckthorn pomace. Autochthonous microflora had a more favorable effect on the content of polyphenols and flavonoids than A. niger. However, in the case of apple pomace, the content of total polyphenols increased up to 1425 mg GAE/100 g DW on the seventh day of fermentation with A. niger, representing a 7.3-fold increase compared to the initial value of 195 mg GAE/100 g DW. Our results therefore present an attractive way of agro-waste utilization and the subsequent implementation of these isolates in other types of industry.

A fluorescent dye assay for antibody aggregates and its application in aggregate stability evaluation

Sat, 19 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Aggregation of proteins naturally occurs during different stages of cultivation and downstream processes and is often associated with quality reduction in the final product. Therefore, determining the presence of aggregates is important. In this study, a fluorescence-based analytical method using the dye Nile red was developed for antibody aggregates quantification. The fluorescence assay demonstrated selectivity and sensitivity towards hydrophobic surfaces of aggregates within reliable quantification range of 0.0165—1.65 g/L. Validation confirmed high reproducibility, with intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation within acceptable limits. The dye was stable in commonly used buffer systems and in the presence of salts. Comparative analysis of SEC and fluorescence methods indicated that fluorescence detection remains sensitive to aggregation beyond SEC’s detection threshold. Thermal stability studies revealed that polyclonal antibodies have higher resistance to thermal stress than monoclonal antibodies, which suggests that structural variability plays an important role in thermal stability. Additionally, antibody aggregation was shown to be pH-dependent, with increased aggregation at both low and high pH levels. Polyclonal antibodies were stable at pH 5—6. In more acidic conditions, soluble aggregates were formed, while at neutral and basic pH, aggregation was accompanied by the formation of insoluble particles. The effect of salts on aggregation was variable, with NaCl promoting aggregation at high concentrations, NaSCN facilitating dissociation of aggregates, and Na2SO4 inducing precipitation. Guanidine HCl exhibited a stabilizing effect, preventing aggregation over time.

Aflatoxin M1 in cheese: situation on the Slovak market

Tue, 20 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which is a hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1, can be irreversibly bound to casein micelles and thus, its higher content is measured in cheese than in the original milk. The present study describes validation of a reliable and rapid method for AFM1 content determination in cheese applied to 36 kinds of cheese sold in Slovakia during the spring of 2024. The method consisted of three basic steps: extraction of AFM1 from cheese, purification of extracts using immunoaffinity columns, and determination of AFM1 content by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Suitability of the method was proved by the limits of detection and quantification equal to 2.0 and 6.0 ng/kg, respectively, which is in accordance with the limits set by European legislation for analytical procedures for AFM1 determination in milk. Accuracy of the method was determined using a recovery test, spiking cheese with AFM1, and varied between 87.8 and 100.5 %. Precision was confirmed by low relative standard deviations, 0.3—7.9 %, and Hor- Rat values (0.01—0.32) of the results obtained on different days. Experiments showed the AFM1 content in all cheese to be below the limit of quantification, which indirectly confirmed the absence of AFM1 in milk as raw material. However, AFM1 contamination of milk is expected to increase due to global warming in future; therefore, AFM1 contamination should be an essential part of current food safety issues.

Temperature-dependent growth kinetics of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG in oat-based milk alternative

Tue, 20 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Microbial growth responses of probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG with well-documented health effects were studied in an oat-based milk alternative in the biokinetic temperature range of 8 to 44 °C. The applied Baranyi model (with a fixed parameter value h0 = 0.407) fitted the growth data well, as shown by the goodness of fit measures (R2 = 0.995; RMSE = 0.153) for the total experimental data set (n = 245). Using the initial inoculations of 2.7 ±0.1 log CFU.ml−1, the maximal population density (MPD) of 8.3 ±0.4 log CFU. ml−1 was reached in stationary phase in the temperature range from 12 to 37 °C. Slightly lower MPDs were recorded at higher temperatures, 40 and 44 °C, while an increase in only 1 log was reached at 8 °C. Thus, the MPD 3.7 log CFU.ml−1 was only estimated. Based on the experiments, the highest specific growth rate (μmax) of 0.800 −1 and the shortest lag phase (λ) of 0.51 h were observed at 40 °C. The Ratkowsky modified square root model (mSQRT) was used in the secondary modelling for μmax values and the cardinal parameters minimum and maximum temperature were determined: Tmin = 4.2 °C; Tmax = 47.8 °C. As drinks of plant origin are produced in large volumes, the production of their fermented varieties is expected to appear in a short time. This is why providing parameters on kinetic behaviour of L. rhamnosus GG is essential for industrial process design and further scale up of fermented dairy-free matrice with probiotic potential.

Comparison of parametric methods with quantum mechanics based models to estimate Clog P values

Tue, 20 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT

The logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) is estimated by means of six parametric methods (iLOGP, XLOGP3, WLOGP, MLOGP, SILICOS-IT, OBLogP) and six quantum mechanics (QM) based models. QM models comprise DFT functional choice (B3LYP, M06-X, PBE0, including the xTB parametrization variant), implicit solvent model choice (IEFPCM, SMD, or ALPB), and basis set quality in DFT calculations (6-31G* and 6-311++G**). Several statistics are evaluated to compare Clog P estimates to experimentally measured dataset of 36 molecules picked from Meylan and Howard J. Pharm. Sci. 84 (1995) 83—92. ChemmineR cluster analysis has been performed to confirm structural diversity of molecules in the employed molecular dataset. XLOGP3 performance is the best among all the methods used, while SMD based DFT models showed a clearly competitive results with the remaining parametric methods irrespective of DFT functional or basis set quality.

On the thermodynamics of homolytic C—H bond cleavage in linear and branched alkanes: Comparison of DFT and composite G4 and G4(MP2) methods

Sun, 23 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT

This work provides a systematic theoretical study on gas-phase bond dissociation enthalpies for homolytic C—H bond cleavage in linear and branched alkanes. Quantum chemical calculations were performed using the density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio composite (G4(MP2), G4) methods. In case of DFT calculations, the M06-2X and B3LYP functionals combined with 6-311++G**, aug-cc-pVDZ, aug-cc-pVTZ, and aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets were covered. In linear molecules, the best agreement with experiment was observed for B3LYP/aug-cc-pVQZ. In both composite approaches, as the number of C atoms increases, the BDE values are affected by the systematic error of the method. For example, G4 BDE of terminal —CH3 group of hexane is 422.6 kJ·mol−1 while for undecane it is 415.5 kJ·mol−1. On the contrary, the composite methods are in better agreement with experiments compared to the DFT approaches for simple branched hydrocarbons.

Theoretical and experimental study of monoethanolamides and diethanolamides as potential additives to fossil diesel fuel

Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT

In this work, theoretical and experimental study of monoethanolamides (MEAD) and diethanolamides (DEAD) is presented. The aim was to investigate the thermodynamics of addition reactions used in the synthesis of MEAD and DEAD. The reactions have exothermic character and alkyl elongation affects the reaction enthalpy of DEAD production reactions. In the experimental part, the prepared MEAD and DEAD samples were preliminary tested as a potential additive in diesel fuel. The research focused on measuring three key properties: i.e., foaming, lubricity, and cetane number. The results suggest that MEAD is a suitable additive for diesel fuel.